icine eecaiNiinasccsiininnsseusnuchiaia Chapter 1 Set Theory and Logic We sop a ect memati ote me oi of ew paige tay. ‘Wes sue at watsrmentby asf ce ty lw roca th bars sng snag Sacha cs pope Seg te ices mayo ute pod ar Login have ayn hy ee end ty ve frm ina fre mos Eah of rant epee propery te a ae ‘tans cmmeny ape cle he ua ede fn od ‘Song nd song nog reo hati a a em Rift ene ha ce se of thoy, eing on ition one, ‘sry sli pre dol hn sco igo anal be od 34 SecThnay ant Lape $1 Fundamental Concepts out. 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Bucs shugo tet wh 90 lene soul wae he ceneton ore oj lion {PSs tole Silay Be rnin anes sd eneton bo hat ‘eyo we tld eth egos Tee ico relation ky, Gen tA su we ae a 1 c1aY Onc ino, eat ecu stews mathemati te Eglin lange tcexycaon © O(a ‘eth of th ssemen an he ae" leh coe ‘ine amen Tha ste en fer ees coe ar whch he pee 1S Ofer comtnon 2 Oba el. Aner ie see tt el ber he omg a 8 tyne ‘never case eich he yp oh, oc ols 6 el oe, ‘gprs pl hee oo ss wh he bots as A Stat of isso sont ob cnt “Porc now othe cy td nls, we eta he sin © A hen force a A Wasing 8 CA ke ame a ying I © GanSer Thea an Lape on Contrapsine and Comers (ur dco oft. tes” cotton ad wf consie en pit tei) ht sonains ese ly coarse elon Breen 2 Sate ena inten ‘Gnos nt en Pen .°s amaps i eine be se seont @ipine dee Pato Recap, be ape ot 2 = 0, then it is moe sae that x > errr—ssSSs eee pet pment ea na eae Sesame hing Ech woe al aye ease eat aa “st not adem, Let ioe enti ik A stot fre nates Pon Qe me Pao. shea “Pines >The congsne canes be expres inte for 8 0) (00, ee" andor epee “0 tie” ‘Non thon ay whch anes" > Q” can alo become ite rypcahe Prt nh concn 2 fa tare tc Sey they ay wih he sent ot Q) => (nt Pca a Comet the ype oat Qe dh cons tt ae. The ‘say tnt Qi ead ir A tne esl thsi ‘ish #9 ato been Tas, nese a he te semen eae th le ornare ey a ey sua. Tafel ae poet he scot "ot >on Pa of be somen “P= 0 “here anise ttn ered on semen Pos Ks om. i | i ” Pandan Concepts hich calle comare of P+ QO mt eae sings een {tenets cone snd cnrapatie We sss cones ‘opel equate eth fae ast ass ao fy ofa env Foren hee ae Us 0 tens 40 1 #0 tens > chi ae. Simi se Westen 2 One = ‘iii a, Lage thie eet? > Oana cee > Poe Pere, che littl” ote ses fn te cmap of te sere P =, 6 i Ao how fate att Bch se emg of Pt ay eae, ‘hse cy tt semen cefso sca wh ee mang te rescence el ner (ep elent Coe ling sate © Fores € Aston hol or dose form he eto of is sant Leta ape pole ino Wee lngeage oes. Spore th Wet te eS a te seme = DC fri Phe Then states () jt th sat haw sc 8. Wines ego? Oban he san ht Ae stat Beat 1 te seen ee ex at toe ha st eng “rsa tack ery apap hs bose Porat ene A temas P do hl ‘Teton foe eon sme) els th uae fren” pte qantie "erat eee and ene pace see yt ngaon0 sere and Lage on “Te groces mesh nee jal egton te See Forest one x © A ttemet hls, Force A stent dee nt ha ‘he Dierece ot T00 St ‘We rear nw oot cus of se, Tse on eter option one as io en heir do ney A added ‘Gesteonssg ftv cas fA hae tin Foal A= Bale xe Aands 1 Iissmetine ile complement tiete A,ete compemes 2. ‘nthe eon se repre cel PRUE ewe Raleot Set Teery iene i oe my Frm ey phe ttre pitino sh Aina ete pet ae mate pet {Our ptr Feresampe 4 (BC) deere non of ese a SBricvanie Aw) ne dents the meron fhe mo se8 AUB wn Te Serta ed equ ile nage 12 show, sane ucane Somes diferent se et when ht gar le ny Fr nit a ay Anieuey =n mucane, tes The eqs ited a awe 13h sd rein eee sete esi nck my Ten cat opis Part 3 er xml of tert eine Be sen “tie avancy=aumnauo, 8 Deborge'ton, awe A BIN1A-O, a-nvia-o, Weleme iw you tw check hs ret Onc sa aher ms fhe, bat Sg et pr a DeMario ‘The complement of th no pate arson of he complements ‘The compen of een equa se non ef te compen Catena o Ste ‘Tac obecs elonging se may bony ex Oe comier hf een neers andthe wet oa teed ep Nebr the st ol ch ying et nthe wed. Sone of ea of ted mtn me ‘Mont Bate td exam ilar om ws hve nt et ene say, rte tsetse may he beso, Pond oie ol ‘se one coniug a eo pastor wo stn deep them. The st fds of caren he wl het sate temas septs ops).1B ser Mery and Loge on We nw ne ssn way frm nest fu lens Gen ase A ec contr toe ees wc of In ren, we cat cme he et (alates oA hrs sometimes dense by he Sel P(A) and cad ‘de powers a romans beep! ae) ‘hen we hiv sete ema mee sl fen efron calle Ae nt ety rar ch se, Tn ew Insight ihn rumen whe we hose ejects, wd et these anfcollctionse st ciety alate ste ine er example, ght tse Ato dnt te slson oa hs fae wel ting hoy ‘oil ee’ Aen eckras an ere ltr dent ng pe on "erin aman fi ith tation i ded at i oi. We ak a dsc tan baween sgt, ean man of et A ate oe ie ah, italsidnerof 4 Tossa inet (bch a he stone eh, ICA, md here realms he seit al € Aan CA eat ‘Neb ead defo wh ne inte on eect fo et Ths no veston in sures st ef wean us a wl lr ho sein ta a ‘Gren alae ose, Ne anion of he amen of is dels byte “Teint flees Ae eed ye gen ls] Afr 44) “Tain pen wih ee sho ioe fe no gpebe ec Be yd wt fa eee me i eet cn can Mn az eh are {any a eer = i ny een ety cg kt gic ae ut ees ‘Biron concise sce gon une fa-x o indie Cons 13 Mii wena te morton mcr ee ortesan Padus ‘hit taney a fring et or cloner ce hei oan et pur of ets When Jou se al gary he Bit ie od Terentia np ‘Sey poche pecan te made cep to sung ed pu (9 te mmoes: aaior sophia vse of sony ae me el tboednd asthe Stallone put el na) he me feed a aoe eral a. Cen Aad, we eet eats pre AB ete oa ond pa fr ieanslonenst Asin onc of Foal, AH =U) loe Aad ‘rm fe et opeaton ead dal. Oe Sef nw tes ‘Seened bea tobias ‘vo-cennt Te fa coanna af oe pa defied be We ket SS bedsores ey et (sl sue tsa lc utah a ot carat tert mina ikon insne Lerma onnenmin Nein a ein 9) i tryed a athe hw eae res ig, One me, ings end pf ej we ve J tale eng ‘he ous amar wth mye end bate he se.) ‘onndenee eval gig alums uh on bot thine vente moto il ene no icy ese he aig il ‘arto the nsx Whores stan seats nove con bose, me ‘Sa ape nest cen oth ced pa) eg ye yb oxb16 sec Try ad a on Exercises 1. hoc te dine oa and Deora as, 2 erie hfe iin tate ee forall eA BC PESEORE atone sot on ore he ps Sere miter Dincemacceacwua, (h Ae mordccwac uO, (Ac Pmdaces AciBNO. (O acewaccwacisno, Sana Ona an, @ Ange—c)sanm-ano, Auto) sau Auo, ( Gomua-maa ) Secadted sine ccxD, {h Mrecimenest (Tecoma of) sing at sd B a roneme Ge (ee dyutex Din auc)» BUD {Gr che Bye Dy = LANG) «BND. (9 Awd aed) ALO, {neem xie=Dy= (ane B xc) —AxD, (@ (xB) (ex) 2-0) x 8~D) 2.) Wish cantapone and ane efalowing stone “I <0 Tne rand dene sich ia) othe ee een (0) Dove ane fr te tment I> hens? > 0 44 Ler Be seo a aber, Wee etn fake owing, GD Rete 2 € Akin tue ta? « (@ Rembntonce eh lemegital€B (© forevayee Aisne dara ¢ (@ fovmieatonca @ A nism tata! 4 Let Abe «moengyclleon of 8, Demis th th ech of Flowing sons and cones (or reUyccd-or© Afrateatone Ae A. reUASre Aten aca, OD reitiact seA bratiarene a & 4 (OLEMMAAS Sateen ae. 6 ie he content of ih te seen Exe 5 e Fence 8 1 Ge ts A, and Cepek fe flog term A $05 Cs ie mb Pan DatlseAmiire Boer coh lelore dundee Bare ech Fale|xeAandcee Bos 60), ase Aha cent sow tae 9A) ha four ements How many lent 4 hes Aron cemen” Tie element? No cles? Wigs P(A) asthe power sto 47 9 ert ant poe Deeg sabi ws abd ison. 10, Le R deme te setae nes Fore te feoving bse oR, ermine ee seq oe cresin pat of 0 ses (olor) stean tee). lenloereth © Weplyaa (2) (eg) | ene ieperand ya ntee fo iemieee eth $2 Functions Tecate may i ey aly Fecoe menace bon nd we expe ome fe sand oe ‘Afonso 6a ates oe emt of 5 A se emer fs In snlovsucion ction gen pl fran sh 15 Jat = + peasy amore compe fous Matai dey es me cnt Pw eet long Denon, Ara ofasigment abc of te casino ‘ess hing te poets at helene Capen Ri tnt fo ‘noncreditTian antic rafC x Disanect anime it Ud) erated) ert ls We ik of ar mayo acing, 0 element of Ce lend of D for whee der ‘Goco a le of asinment rhe dao i etd wb he st of € cooing ol tres men lt tage et on ed tests oD emssig al cond corm of cement. eral ony = [te ets d € Dek at. ‘ager =| ee nts Cac et) er Now then of sgn doin nd imag te etl dtr. ‘Now wei taco Pann. Ace fae oogonia atc fe imae nt of 7 Th doom 4 oth i Ie sed te domate fe Fence hema eae tema sto and eB ced therange ot 1 fsafoson vig doin A ndrange 8 ees fy ing fanaa, ich rend ection en Ao Ba ping ro it TSniy-/ spe Ae Bs Ow weatins ven / a peti mento cnn te pois of Awol 8 7 A> Bnditatm cles A, ety a) in wig eet of Hh tea ening J sso a eed the ale ofA Sesh mage ue felis eae oft ee fn 17) sec he ae Smet of Bch ha Jt) ‘Us rs, nc cn pbc ening tn sie oe tf, wit ols ine Forman, o0e cn wee eng dt labo) et fee tonne ale i (9 +1) LR ed whose seo erence wl te “Let f Re Re he ton chat fe) = 3-41 Bosh sentences psy eye ame fant. Bah sees “Let fb th Funtne fo) = + ("0 loo sen x peso eon cet {ties ether einai age tf Tae ie a et a he ced ee SUEUR Dein A> Wana eo dee he atin 10 As tobe the finetion mapping A4 into J whowe eu ie _ lefonleea ee ce yf, hihi ead rsd how | Le ott ahd et tp PER satin soya he dity tio ERR dem Ra Beton ire rum on fb i a ie te ESR tether obey MekacenhiaiaSreten fet estos Te ne sat a eth Tae hs foiedinpwe la ae2 Rescicing e domi tin an ching ag nto way lng cn fo an loner vy Sm he mp ‘nin eee Deli Gen cos fA Bag Cw ee compte sofetfantg mc onsen so) ACen Peo atf(a)), ee amalhy #2 f+ Cte tn woe ali 0) Reese be Bf) = bands) = een ecoyn so {sting pa mmc ete ‘e/a. stn te pate) ele 22 ‘Net 27 deinen tf op toisores and age on “ Tage 2 Powe 22 vse? ‘Tecoma oe hon {3s Raheny 4) —36 42 Schering Ros Rey 9) = Sr ftcin $07 Rs en (ee in = ft) = 20842) = 5092. ‘he conn / ofan abe fre a ue te te ie in Peete Rey (0009 fei = pon 80 +2, Denton. Anion A> Bid beige (renee foreach to dint pote Acti oar ner fics Usa tect [ers sit map Sono B) eve) leno Bs age wane cone unr th aon 1 nbc inet td st, sada bee (crise aanetoone crepe Mae oly, Finn fe) ste} faa, 104 facet (We B}ms ha fle) oemtntonea Aandi B+ A chia ga) = a ferenncaia tant fn) 8 rey ba hen ft Beoemtpnan ye Dain, Lt f= A> By ec fA ne nt by ft te tah pen dott on ee cae a met fds) = (b| b= flavor enone € As Cnet 8 64st of Be dente by 8) het fl een ‘fie ages vote fe Bale te pmag By drfr e “otra even 8). Fon. "C9 = 01 flare. ‘fsa hee may 9 pois A whos mags en Blaehaae J-1H) Neth A» Bs bese al By & 8, weave 0 meas foe wus J") em be ake dent he preimage By nee ein none te map sete uncon fo!" B= These wo mesg Somecaeirsaidifen athe f and f=" maton soe The pe s/n whaned at&t es tes ‘ety Bethe oper when pedo bets A, pres onl 1a = And 7)" 1) = By. eet alenng example) Te wet ‘nico welt joutoeck ae owing Fo Badia A nt 8, te Ave Ffebo) d J-HBN) Pefoisineaneytiy twee ate aesncty9 Ser Theory and Lie as rages Cm don: Ban 0) = 30 +2 ie 23. {eco imnale ee 5 Thee Pyio.1= 610.89 fo h0.3)= 1-110 hn a 5. Exercises WL {5A Bat AoC Aan Bac (6) Show ate © 1A aa tt gai Ns iff ne. (8) Stow et f/"8) yada ony bs sate tet fsd— Ballet Aan Bc for = Oa = L Show at J! ‘ster inti ios iments, nl Jere fs mye i yc Fm © flamum = Frapu Fa. 8 s-ain ap = F-4B0N F%B. {6 FB) = FB ~ FB. ‘Seta f rere san uns ony: (hoe Arm U0) FAD, i) se4ouan=siagy flan. (2) FAs) = faa) fA stow ht egy iff sins (Fy 8) 5 P40) fk show ta egy lef ss 2 Sow at 6) hand (pf Bere? ol frat no ater Alafia Banig 8c, G0 trey Cs at G9 FMC = F-Hg-HC). (©) U7 ants ct, show tp fii (©) ae iinet, what con oo ny abou ject of fg? ( UF ante atest how ato facie (Wee isnt whan you tote of fg? (© Sanaa yor ers (0) efor thee ‘Ie pn et dene he ent ont fr ae yf Tt dee [enc = Coe be fren gen by eles) =e feral (Gnea fA Br we nny tas fon gba ioe fo fi fey Linciodweay ath: Ba warghtimee orf fob = (Stow tt ft even, ieee nf ea ah we, Psst. (0) Ghat explo futon at ha ie igen (©) Ghea example fc fat ha gt ene bt ne mene {@) Canstonoon ve mrt cose ive Ms an oe hee? (e) Stow ui as bth eine pan pt ee tan Dieses g = ft 6 ttf Rte deanatn (0) ~~ x Byington aed ‘ane oF apoyo om Fa jc tenon gD the pgs pod the ser pee ner rg) $3 Relations ‘A cusepl an some ways te ena han tt feo ithe ose of {rain fs ssn, we ane nat aerate ean ya asad ‘cere two tps eons a ocr wt ret ey re ‘eubce io aonkrlos,dr tos wl te d roeg ‘okroquaens lato wl bee na 2 Defon. Arelton on st Aeasabe©of he sees pd ei bam ete eC men eg.) ‘sb ae ratntin -A— Aeaigantnac pane ten yr Meo ands = ohne» ye ee a prt eeteee eee nero uc cy geen, of etait cama etna = teat eta Deere ee igecniaea eset me Wes on ais rope (popes. onecan poe the las tinge uh oe ving” Wa sy ants 20, ten xe spe ‘The fui ia Eee 2 ‘We dtie amber 1 porte» 0 adobe apt its < 0. We denote th pte ely Ry a te oop oe er ee eae in yBPropois (6) me ania poe nmr sig, het 00 ity pet asi (1) ree by ttf he fd [anne elon ing (led nederdel Properties 7) and (on ee and en pees in oc. Tey en ny th tl ny tt on ease) a) ‘le yoo nw ote "Now trent whe ne no he on oan adr ope es 00-6) the om or ear cninaam oper (one ag {is oman some earls Popery 8 ncn jer ste geet oer: genx = ym can am a= (91 ¥ aes 1 ene (Ther, te sana ee fe a be oper (7) ae eo at a pry) ss en We ane2 Se Tey nt Lagi on inka (in it tenga heft ht he as phon rere th cl poate fhe adr elon or Frm se 0 Freres mayo he pls opr of HB eed Sal oe Now he i ting hi it standout en ger We now eine gs sng ey pes OO). Debniton rst fhe a mio i Be date cons he ante rindforesy sn benambr+ alain Ltt cbeon ‘ance sac Be Then hem 2 ponte deers ed he Bets Not ht est foie el umber i inet, fr cons and te Scart > Ong te vatamet #0. Tetn, 2c Bae ‘Seen 2 er pte, the ce erty ep nie ne ‘SSvcny ht th ise sme ee fa al amber = The bs proper of 2 ich lo ey om he dentin, ee fe 0) 2s indice (2) Pcl din, FA i inde tf pose age. A = ‘We eine the 22 of impr ob the oligo the poe ings 2, te mone, th sine othe ns of One proves at he ‘Steen eddie ff neg per bat he ute ont way Snir The le @ quest ips alo bt orn ambos. ‘Ob oes pen heer ere no gers sch ah <0 < "tcp lege, ee esl So dent the eal pane Inge lath wel case of he ove nape, The Some. soe See eat ponte magn ne Nee oe Now ee pve popes of psn ps that may nt ei 0 ‘ua te ue ttl Ty may Ye hg of serie Nene Inacio ee ‘Thor (Weerderng property. Er aoenpy se Zs Aaa « The tneprndthe Rel Nabe 38 Prk We et ove oh 2 ello seme sry song mo resale one tA beh al se neg i eer ole. Then A oot ice n= tony tot ete ec oa ee tre bent [at if icone sage Sea Whe len tuna coneto¢€- cement C nf tes ‘Stomp Been ¢ tht tors sat cleat wc wi aceaaly telecom cent of abn Ten tide ote oad a A=, fetes escent forall €2 ‘ovine ei opt bane Chae ‘atest ene The cent suomi we cme Dae ‘Theorem 42 (Strong Induction prince. Let Ae poste ines Seren th rach pt gr tet cA et Pratt ep ot 2h be hee i ie tt IA Tan every pone ep hn Asso © A Oo ps Inti tar eco atmo. = Extn ne nw de on me ropes (i) a heel amr. Aha Pa ou ek, ee pet ‘ol ston? on i Fores hing yous he Ke pe bdo 1 poe 2 | pose nee ope Du in Tire china org prope {tte ea ne. To row we sun fat Zy ha operand Sat ‘Setadioe 2, ser tu ls ea ape ond. The 2s gohan > b~ fortran 1 wad ea operon 2 ‘ol an Ta +1 >: coy at at iro etn “The tt oper nd lt sed oe ue ek fags bet ised rts tht a te pet oe od 1). sab wed w roe exc gfe see woh fe fpr mane Tif, cata emote lees ‘trea mates re metal pois been ener eee ‘Neuse testa 2 de I he yl 9 ee 2+ leon sg dlr pte ae: hat pte imei Prof of ee rope of ig ane unk, lngwih few cher ropes we hl ner ste nthe aBxereises 1. Prete fllovng "law of leo ily): @urrysrtey=0. (6 0. = le Compute +0)-23, ono o yinte—na ety tx 0andy» aden) hinre0 © te 0anty 40-949 40 Go diana gaye 20. Gh aplad —tewygality: 20, Gh ei) teje ater eumiva ye 0 th sgomiie oo {@ teen = sroitme 0 {8 Gentes) = cayiguy tyne 40 {0 leniymateity 20 (© Camaros capnity 40 2. Prete wig as fear” usin ows (1-6) song vith ( soymiwss shes yee (O tedanys0aery > Oans-y oo ( s20e-re0 @rtye ey. 9 toyz eos rep. O rset tamer ers @ feo (8) 29206 + and yc bah pot orb epi Qrvosines Droyeesineiy. Mrcyorcutyrey. 2: Sow tani is olson of inne se, hen eet of lone of ean aie set (a) Prove ae pris aed ot. 4 to) Poet int ht on 2, eyes fs ‘es ue temen (4) Eagan sy yoncanctconclade amherst rele mene vee llorng ropes of ZZ: ("Gb 6 Za mab 6 Zy, (Hn Show tal gen a © Zo te ot Wat Rewer ee%,1 mimbetre) () abedy sa-bedy (6) Sh tha © 2s = @™~ 1.62.00) (ine LX =e | «Rand EX1EZ,U 0) ow tat Xiraanshe! 9 2deEsendetiaien dee Vit Reh hed = 1) 6 Lata eR, Dewindaiey toe € Ze. (Se 47 fer a amie fhe pose finde dfitn) Show ut formm< Ze sndasb Re el ee eof pone, in ei oe os Lata ¢ Randa #0 Dofoe al = 1 an foen @25.4°" = I Show ht ie soreonanseld fe s,6 4 Jandmm ef 5 (Stow tt heres over bd prope (0) Show ati | {9 So tt gone wih Ow a Ela |» 6 Zh = 0. et Mojieandshw ta t= Irak 9.0) Siow ty egy st a stone aha apt (1642 sow te isexaty one € Zsuh atn ex ow} © te8y’ eow testi coon ih ty on (@ Wy < ts oe aon mane eh that 2 1 Shon tt cry stn nee cl om poste tf (0 Stow ari = 02840 Stow hres andi Po atene—h sa frsomeh = 06 Ser Toe and Lie om (6) Gren a > Okt be tem ofl el amber ch ta = a ‘Show a fs bce sve a contin et ee pie saber eh abet ta (Show ae bande ae ponte sn? = 2, 1 Gen £2 wy atm enn /2 © Zs ol teri (Show itm odd. nose ine: Coc tat empensty (4) Show tty and sare pg nl pt fomy 2. {© Stow if > Orato then “n/m frome mon 2a ese ‘Sots ae eins Le be ma tof ht eirezymeeez|) (a) Theron Brain $5 Cartesian Products ‘Wen sind det wwe mewn yt casinos A Bf 90s Now wee peal caresin rol Detition Lt A he ety tin fe. A nde fon fer Ae ‘reste ft osm tJ ale ner tt Taco A topchr with he ning eton fi clean indeed amy of te Gee se J, weal dese tht fa byte Sel Ae And wel eee Indexed fm sly ey alec che mate ay oa Ag ass on J* Smet we we ey chit clear athe ade ‘Noh hogan ing Stn eeu ob ss ot spied ote jects ety poe or Ay and Ay wb ese tot A en thagh ar ‘One ny hich nig nts ae wd ito he a exon or ah ey ions wt msc. Sagyoe af Asan ein non ‘eed Ay sett fg). Ton ee Us (orate one 4. € As (lem teleronnae ir0 A) s Corea tate Thee simply con for ev etd compo ee ce (using src of ens fan th toa he ie oo ‘None ofan seconde eet ole seen a A "wo pl nln th [1 of ne eas an 1 tom and ho 2, cll one ears Tene Ws na se ‘pec atonacllona ar needy tet ne Stee inti ety ye ml A) aw dence an neon mgt of he meri sa by te spe In tec here the ner ets het, we Ute hein ely by ‘elo and te non ad secon by te eps see ni: be poste ine, Gren 2 we mantle Scum) 9X ies mule, ech de th va by hema i ‘ean ib coordinate ox. A} dn cece ft ly te ‘atl te Now et (f.. Aq) bea ayo indeed with tm). Lat AUs"-Oa, We dete th cresion rdf sine any Sd by TYae Aix ee tibet eof ulm-upe aflame of Xk ht Ai or ‘Baaour 1. wesw ne eine al 4 Os ein Govhgwed tuo 8 isco etait pn cher 4 Bo ‘Seta cs Tis AUB chaste Abate hee (Sas ie naan ttn ee oh ee arr) ened anny M0) =e ac) Se Smt hs te x en Sl esate [Sa waz x capncs Tir cupes t pl ‘Minton anon pecorino LMpLE2, How escapist Bierman at OG a Ct ssc he + 0) + ladnodM8 Ser Teary andes on Deft Gen ase X, nee se ote of dems Xe fain ene ‘nc ahi cha ton a seus fide sequence, of sees of XI moni pes ena rer, ie (cin Now et A fay of et indeed with pose meget: eX be Sen he nam Te corso rode a is nee aly of ‘siden ) a Gacy Ts «saan dei othe a fa ate olen of X sch a A Noting ine eins ees he tA ee oe che Indes may alee tame st nha ae, been po AY tie et fl mle of lent fc We doa by 1 Sins he pont A fa ej eal tals of nen of X stk we deme Tew deh cei rt a ary inde ly of, gure’. Rice tol ml Ben Bran eal ie ‘Sire an mop iene a Exercises 1. Shon tae ea We cepenene a AX wh 8 A. 2G) Soo tha fn > en tine cosy of Ane ee wh AC dee Ae (8) hn te dene aly (4 An By = A Ay fer ch nt ngt Shon hae ein covespntee fA = As Be Lo d= Aye and B= Bs {a Show thai By Afra en BA Stet sping fe we on ction singh ty este eS Be ‘Ricans ange ie a etl a fac ping 2 Inet Mel ne tical Whe eng shearer pod). « Fate sen (2) Stow te come of at Bn (o) Show ati rasnempy ea snes te rover ld? (ew tum ots eueion me eee oF) (@) Witte reasonttween est AUB andthe cei prot of he ‘nt 4s? Wat the ston betwen est nde Sans roo fees 4,787 A ecm 2p Ler 92 Oth =n indan pte map 23-53 {5 ahablcnemp ge (Gina bene mpl! X93 xe {e) tect map X20 (© WAC Aansamimecivemapm (a7 Be Which ftefalowing mbes of cn be cies cin rset (a) fe san ier fra). (fala serata (6) (san ieer ra > 100) Kina $6 Finite Sets ‘in yoc may hve eon fre. Nevorel sl din e in ‘ecb and nxt ely ase ou orn he roghy ‘Selon sme parla ope at wl ie ar nt we cose Rel hate oie ee wee es et ot po ieee eum tele senat epee Tes a efit. ts soe ete ie compte of Awe messin te poste ign. ThA Taney in FA Ml forse ite igre nthe former, ey has candy in he Ios, wey i acai Forint th... el as ayn, fori i icone specs wire onde een fnton46 Ser Teoy mdi a Now cy: rms i cr of fii nig rind by ests a coe hae he one tate ‘Sith eh ew mip te oes age somegy tA ih wo Site sm an osc nyse kc ot esi an oa wo ope ‘Stree mulrina xan ome ot lot sneer ba cone ‘2c apensce ni cmtng nes ge epee ie Ehavwesyopvc etnies anitechar Rok baceaies poad thn pal Sonn oot en foc ie oe sigh nts oc cx ings hc a nd Iie to etoen rope com eminent oe isk of he pyc bested tens tly hat he caer no mt ave we oe ‘Slvr ofcaum tcc acu aw act ent ne oa tet ‘Ses, Bet woul ean aon the Greco ae ing {Sonesta engcy an sna apni cul et heed et ce coca nese genet mt an aie sont ste pontre ern. Tate ye ce he Ho xpi. We snp ak ion th ha ca agar cota Compare al ss ne manner at tok fr ates cane creat eto a) se re be i ‘Src arn em ie te tp a {Spot Wel oe au rien fm ue ot ote ectons ‘oefings pen at oso the wtf nahh. “re mambo er" bv st Be 8 a cigs mae pro eal aoe en ie i sn see ‘rato me nonin Hae bn os awit nm 6 Leen Sea posite mege Let beast et ay Be lene Thoth eta ict comspotic foe wth tat t+ ‘taney tee ess acne conespondee a et A=) with these tn Pro Thee a 9 npn be oe Lets st sume Hae ‘ste compote 82a) [ent eee dene fete 2A — UL sg fia (ees kone bite. 200) fore eA fa i ailainainY ‘To prove comer ame te ta Mine comedic FAs thon tbh 1 map the amber + ting egy a ata eee th fd la te deseo bite caper of A= la wh ‘tei, on) =m len po Asch a fo) en sng Deas co WA tant ysis nad=m, ‘Seip is cny chek ht saci. ‘Now nea inthe ny ie ecb Aa] the desieabieon cA a wi nl. : Paes fn) fe © Atoll rom iin er of consul ‘Tuerem 62, LetA boa spor it eit aicion fA (3) Foran n€ Zo, Let bea pope se f 4 Then te exists wo Sesion Basal oid B 2) hr dos ets Secon h B= ti gp tesomem = Pro Thecsn which B= 0s tv ther cme tion ae ‘Spgs wt omg "XC troe te then oy inl’ Let © ete shat of Z consis of thir ir ch te seal show oa ate. Pt ‘ir weconcaethat C= ys ten te fr tv ees. Fre we show he ores te frn = 1 In ice A cons ng sleet) an ol poe ss te eng.a. Se Mey anstope on Now se ht he he fore: we poe i n+ Seppe ata en Iho on nd ee ope heme a clea 0 B ni acento A = We py he tog ‘ern coai here aes All sth Now = i propre fA fa] for ngs © A — 0) ad mt 0 12a Beene te ce as end tl fre near, ween (1) Three no oon A 8 (2) Be 3 (a los) Bam eee cis eon ESBS) Me) ese pe ‘he preceding ea combine wh (ini th triton 8th (in nant i} Tas thet haf wht mt opel Tope tesco Ii nets 8 (a) = 2 ton of wah eo whe 1B lh 22, can spy he rectng lon soe wh tcl at three eston ot B wh. p-4 tetera, he's con ot 8 i (eel forse m =m sa die. Te don le ow owe Tate cron eae on ey = [Cratiary 63. 114 sae. 0 econ of A wth proper st oil, Prof Asume tat Bie agrne met fA antl / =A» Bisabiton By ‘scone tess stiecoang'"A~> (1,8 freien. Tecra of iSten aber of Bt ya), Thionate te pcg ace Conary 64, 2, is te Pra The fon f 2 > 24 ~) dee by a) = 1 abosion of, wea reper of : Conary 65. The cata fi i inl dt hy Prot Lat Bis sect, See 3B Nh) by 0) = saeco", Bea fest eset) ome: en hwnd ppt Zs ti ha 0) mel Geol. The map nso, fr 9 tie in ets 7-M(A) lf) we on 0 etait ema as 6 Om (teen i son of Bh sao nine te hme teases eee s#l Mos foe png ony Coralia 68, Ft nom and icin rs ft sea ie. Prat We et bow tht fA so Be Sie, 0A YB. Te i i va {Cr B ise. Oder, tte te ees fm) > Aad [ison “2B or Soe cc of sa Dele fii b= Usnem s 1) 'AUB oy sein i) =F) fort ~ De mn n= 4 fr Tor rn hte th act ow ales ‘Now westow by idan ht sf et A.A es ‘ttn Tisai en = Asin it fen a ta 10" -UAy she aan ftw fee AW dean Aco te receding agra es 2 ¢ Avie t lo)» Be beg tse espe ih The ‘1B stolons ste eh ely ely ty tet A Be isin of es ind te Smee eps Aiton pd46 see Tery Loa oo Exercises 1.) Make aft te neti mp 1212.3) (12.541 tow we ish (Ti cma dre roo a A of rally fe sore aay oe) (How many ete ape FU) hse sehr (en can se vy com wold st wih prove ec a theese eaeponaece betes the) ‘Siow iB ete BA, eA ite A Lert be element at 1) ods bce covespnieneBerwesn 1 nba oper sabe Lette ance) singly one st {Siw tar fw Inge samen ine Pen by nda on he Say (6) Sow tht hax oer po seco of he ese age, {tee Bite dor flow at Ao Bae? Gta Leth afc. Show tre jon of 9A) wih he cresin fees eX te weet =X =f (ny Sow at Nets en (a) 1. ant B sw at tf actin A> Bi ine. 87 Countable and Uncountable Sets sae ee Ia ee eas comes se Seneca alsa shee ees contest some tt ter ‘Eisen count Ts say in saan fa we em ite poco ott etn” Defnton. Ast Asso be fie tin te. adobe cot ite tice sabe camped en itn fey ion 10) Paes daze ® Count and Uncut Seas LaMLE?, Tepe 2 2; headin Ke pete sense ot ep ary Seg pence ee eae Sensi ‘Race ote prt ofc, ERIE a coarse 9) eranchy Ss ecg Kaymteey=bn Reggreminc abies + Ze elem oat jg ts "ern yey wie en Pew 7 etn, be cota iii ier Sie rota ni ‘ere Camas be ncoutae ‘There iar sl critsion sho tht esc, he om ng Mer 7 hs hte ie wea (2) The asurecte icin +25 8 (0) Mtn econ gy Pratt) (2) Sapo 9 ont county aii, ee {sien (= by ein and mew hough ateSec Tiny ante ont Wison byl > Bf some 2 1. Rel ut B #2.) Wecan xen ‘oasupecion 72+ y dete oi) met sien £0= bn rion 0) tes :2y + Mbea atin, Define B+ Zeb hoon att eee ot. 3 ese ss 1) sony hs wel ee Tepe Ipc, fri 2 ees fo) ad je) me jo ode ies ‘ome wee. TE) > i) Lat: > 2, be anisjoio: we wah grow 8 ssn By spn the es , weet ston of 8 witha ase of Zy. Ts {root eas sui oto tha ey a of yi sowmabe o C TE commie by dfiion So wht we mo poe a ey ints ahs © sony tate, Tsetse paable For ‘ements of Cean cy be arnged iain seen on Si ae “ha pln of suey ke one ek informa. Poi gl ou rs scan ott fea. ea ro re Lemna 72. Cia in tt of 2. on Ceol na Pro Wed Weston 2» C. We ced indo. Defi) 0 We sala seme of€ ent tess vey aoe sa Ca 2, ha ‘a sen Ten soning sh eT eet ene ip) = sms eet 016 = Al = AD These.C—A(,...n—tD omc fori merce tea haan = Tye mel te ssn at € mal be te oy Cray 6) Ths Ms ‘ac scine By nation weave nl fram ©. “osha ingen. Cem mate th) bongs ee esr) bernie) by elo db Hone) # Nn osha uh see yet Ce sh at esi nage se at th (2) esa be oie ine ee (ese teonoe My) rine ano psa) rt he fan i 2 ah eh) cate ema cect hat Mi)» Te all PE me me i) Toc est og athe (yo = Sem) eed ee sma eet ot Cem hme ttre hn) Pg eo nitro, wea im) = 6 Comte and Uncen Sta? “rei pit inte preceding pw we eee cps of ge si coud be lt whee sd tt Sg tcc cle” Aeon tfc for al png ewe en pens Ie is ed ttre da gnome coneming thr lepsinay. We ae "Seay sal an put sates inte ener when dd teat inacve sett pose gehen A= 2, To we the pein prove ‘Gorey induc om Dea be pol who seman “Let A Bethe sto [Sipe ineper foie acm st den ne oes ed rove ‘he tiring so bat hmae bef Inte receding arom howevey, we mre poise yi ‘cn tt ening sng inno thal we st ep (Gene sty mg et Abe so al neg fer hich he ction ‘Sot attest ryt fan meig ote oft po ‘aly aks x mesg urea he oc So somite hese "Woatis sci s another pani, ch esl be cp of rene dof rin tt pcg en ines eli ssi te rae Ml) = ama senet of, ng) =a men fC — MA o I feat ‘he formu) i ila eso forma fo ees eon i ‘eof tal A Sete hn nhs ancien efi ‘Now econ ei pal teas when one Ste sing 0) ale eet of (C= Mod 1D for exp fcomattey soph A) neces 4 eleent o e et [iinet yt fray hos bel the wt Aner sage ns ates he rec peu ooo a th ptr Sei” dens ancleent oh sremen of Sve th Setting fem abet ‘halter seen nea tapes elector. Some recive faa donate ea, hwo Syst, a ef rine recuive dit. Le Ab et Gen it dete i) ‘Stun cet Aya ford 1 deer) uy a lat 0 ‘ne fi na fr pst nee an Bem mie8 Se Tey and og an “Ts pple oe we cals sed io the ot of Lana 72. You cn ing ap ont fon ke. Ky ower be poe oe ng i intone i el ne ey ee a Tata s poe Matai elo et rcp seal. Th sem may or pote a Ins y ee "ocala feos ie wh al wie te pcp erie enon. We bl ats ude plant ‘boty Stung te le Covoary 73, Asef soe es cme Poof Sages Ac Bt scone Twins fn Za: ‘erearstincd ft Albania oo Za Ccoatay 74, ThesetZ, x2, iscombly nae Pratt ve of Tene 7.1 sie to smart an ince map f° Zy oe a eats fy be ean se ik iti Fa mn 27 92% ta Sly, wes ohne Sucve aon Ze» 1. Now Wity xe Yan ° Conia coalesce ye ounion i) = fot sano tah wae Se 2 <2 in ce genes ‘wn Zhe couabsy ote un alles om Tce 7 ‘Torem 7.6. A tite pt of coun et ioe, Pra Fit et show th pod of 9 conte et A and ecole ‘Ther bead A or Beng ie chee natn ines J Ea AandgZ, +B Then neon hy ye A Bee ‘aon m) = Fg) isapcine shat A» Become Ts pew peed nnn Ant tat Asx Ae couple stead cima, we owe be sae ete pa Ay 5 ya ‘tte ajo conspncece BEAL dy EAL Ae ete ye equation 02) tet Bocas te set As Ay cal ty he akcon empin md e oul by types tb raat fhe st oa ane ie meeting pug, Weconcoetat Ay > A soo el. 1s ver tenting ser at coal pd fc shel He ‘haere 7.7. Let dene ho eet 1. Then eet cot Pros Westow gen ay ft ete, isnot sujet, Fortis epse, tus dean (allo 0) = es Sam see ech ny the Da 1 Then we ee leat Y= (9-0) cr by eng56 ST asi on Au ewe une ny na tga ie pe een se 13S Signup Svsny wesc tr mene en fom Setagomteny se Syme f Xan den iit ce nape fs hen te ointment eT “Tecan dst 01° oneness encom Antrsth se. P2,) she ing harem ips ‘Toorem 7A Lees Beast Thc f: PC) Aandi osuehempe: A= 910) Prof Inge i Bea gy xine ince p> (Cpls ecco auc apg C= Bs we Stes 2) = JO) ferent tng sto fond ees ginal nthe este “Thc tsi pve agen apg A> (A). op gi reap te Pe rece stg tal ope ‘St ga ect =tola6A~ ai is bauer of A ht Ses not bes he age og. For supose hat B= 4) foe Son are Merc the qunon Dt loge Bers By ie 8, eRe med sa) ome A= ied wot fie com a ate oof el abe. You Be {rou en eumoethiyo t enste sendy Koes ey ‘Execs eserves aie aca rors ha ‘Rycsetice dg nna sg forte) hn ec [The ence ponent an fe apse prece wel pot of dela dein npn el ner ots ss lees) ese (fee lth ss tes # god doe ebro pve Aner eon ivi sant odes ot na genome nee epson 1 ined myo sere pop fH ep on onl te or overcast te scout fn ny ot | | i | | ® CCounieand Usama Se st Exercises 1 stow at Qitcomaty etn. 2 Show tat the map fag of ample a? wens 3 421 be the worleent at (1. Stow ter ica sive conspniece betwen he eZ asin dct 44 (0) Aealmunbe ldo baler ert ton toe some Pelosi equation ose degre hon nets. Asuming fre pil etn at ‘iy ny my oo sow ate tt igen canta. (©) Arnal mune tewoscndenal tot alte Aung therealae comabl ssh tense ene teat {Bie Chis sonewhn oes chat ony mere eters ‘efile cand Bvt pings mb nse ‘Sigh onl) 5 Desai forex flowing se weber orn coma Fatty {other hfs nto 7011+ 2 (3) Moser oll Flic» 2y Otemecte Be (Trem Dotan 25 2, (@) These ofaltinsto J 22 (0) Thess F ofall fences f°, (0.1 hat “ee xe [We ay ht serena rh oie neg ha fe)= deans K] (q) Trove Gofal incon: f 25 +2 tt weve (t) eset fat antes 22 2 ca only cnt (i) Mhewt ofall econ ste of (h) Mest oat ne seta 2 Nem hem A 8 he ese cody i hei eon (Show ti A wi ee a nes fame ‘he Aan 8 have ae canis Dene Ay = A,B, = 8 tice = 1 de = Sle sant By = flys) Cece dein pin) Naw 3.8) 4s 3 By > Ay Det a icon Ten bby ee [70) ts © Ae Boorse hw [ethers2 SerTheay sn Lage a (©) Teoem (Seeder Remain hen) tons J A Cimdg:€> Aten A and ave sane cada. 17 So thet Da E of ee See ne cana. Let dene lees et 01) 2B to coe a | 2 Show da a fave hese ial. 9. Tefermala fay © t@a2 i) = ho-+ P= therm 22 ‘ot ont which he incl of sae defn apis, Show at everhlasre doecstatecon hy» Rstsg hoa (iti Refrain) mat te pce wl apy an ee ho Be pte) (Stow tte oma) ofc) dave emi uu. ie hs pone eno stan (0) let 0) = HE) St an let 10)= "4031 (6) Show ate oncom A: + Rs te emus MD=1 ay=2. hin) = eet DP +e DP ferns 2 *§8._ The Principle of Recursive Definition Beare ose the eea frm af he cpl of sue eon et et oven aspect coe, th of Lema? Ta shal mk he nero ‘lt occ charven we coer he re ome ‘Su ge nine Co Zt ose flowing can fe A) =e emer Mi) esteem of =D of 1D fer Pesan 2 Cai rion "Theft ep io one ht eet tin Sendo eon 2 i) ° Lemma. Genm e 2,thr cu fton Uomo € sain fra indi i. i j | | The Prien RecueDotion 83 Pro Te pit of hima te tase a depends a heist ‘oan o beige by nso Let Ate tht a wich teen ho Weshow te A since. ten foo at 4 = 2 ‘The lemma rw form = see fant 7 ()-+ C dnd ye pete (0) = anaes emeno& ib ‘Siping he aoe efor ~ te rove te or By yt fice a fantom f(t) > Capa (©) fa ti om Defne fea» Cy oto | O20 forte thon F0) bs dens CFU --~ Dh Since sini, is tec tne Be tC (n= mead fo) nel ed Nee at hi fin ea cpa oes tots J ies fel ti tems fe en encice f i easy occ ht fss() for lf di. The ton f suis (fort 2 nT bene eg ere And fies) foe) = ‘sei, by dtc 0) = ses seen oC — ho 19) at == StU . amma 82. Spo tat J [ou] > Cand g = (en) > th Sa (forall fey sais TF) = i a i sh Prof Suppose wt Let the matinee fr hich 0) 440) Tete fr notice a le keno =), by). Now eal J <1 weave JU) = 6). Bose f and gti), 4) mamatenionentof(C~ J, 10) ale cement fC ane £2) ait tb, wenme 0)4 Sorry and ex on “more 63, The ei # ie fact: Ey > Csing 0) fal by Lema the xis reach ton ht ap Cartas Gao hed Gen Loma 82 show ti hs oe Bi ERs troch nasa te one densi es a et Ua ae on = ‘els ol sup We Gn ncoa hb ing eke Seno eh fe oct Jo Tei tf ata of Tees eae te oy ema a ee Sicko tee ‘nt tcc sleeper he ist conf cea Nene STs bene tse mat o and SASH. Bet socom ft hch he et cine ee te po eo le New Lan 2 EH fiyitn moc ae dae are “Toshw ha sss ho ca isa conypnce fe owing fe Wi) = fll) ord sm estes 0 sin erin. ‘he poof ofusqens iy ofthe oot of Lenn 82 . Now we forse the px pilot cuse finton. Tse 0 new Stes elias posts ele as ance -rwocen 4 Pine orci dfn). Let Bo st tan ac Tiara Sopa ction tsps, ach anson J mug 4 ‘nontyssto otc poste neers nt hen 0 Ten hee 8 wim ni =o ‘he frm) i ls recs formula oh pss), wd xp co hat to he sl of for patie ge es ‘Eine cet Zyevoobe esta elmo Cond ei ye asian oC ge 0), wy ets an * The Pinipe of Receive Detain 8 mentite yn tonsa > hott! —19 ‘ile aC = age to. Sem t(E ot = ed aly Te 4 te in 2 gy me ta i'm Bayo tere cnet nn cc Rad ete Er ie oF nna, feist (Dafoe A ea ba Exercises 1 Le (yd) Bean ne seen elmo The san. ‘selina a fol rae Shorea cena UA twit mt ep Teae le de we See56 Ser Theay and Logie or 2. Le i ba.) bom inte segue el mbes We dei the rt Tks 0) ecmmtons Ton Fim=d form eno ‘se Thee 8.41 ee the prot fanowy. We sometines dete he ote a 8 esta ab 46 The toacs numbers of emt henry dees ewe ye oa deme, Bye heithes lene? Dette tr gory by aso Tae 84 Sow dt bie ane ain hy =» By aig he mala ayes, MO)=UhG- D+? et 6 6) Sow tt ee itm fnton = 2, Re ing the oma yea, Miya GD? eet Expl wy hi crane dor vl pie of oie ek (Consider te ion rma coe) a [BED et wnw-psif et Show thee xis ge Fino 2 Ry syne hi oe 1. Poe Resn 84 1 uty he oto eso te pape of reanie defn: Let A be tae Lap bea ton sing vey confess een S. (2, a 4 chen of) Thode ete aoe yA aed n= th french € 2. » Inte Sean Ao of ee 51 $9 Infinite Sets and the Axiom of Choice ‘Webel shiied veo ii. korn, inate Aint ithaca cooly nce oso free eto ot A {Sc nse ‘Ths ne shal tom poe The rs il lea ta (iouon of it flop eae mya nod eo of ie ‘Toorem9.,Le A Beat The wig seen ao A ae ene (0) Tho exit an itn econ 24 -» h (2) Three ahs oF A tha oper at a el Pr Weprove the pletion (1) = (2) =>) (1). Tope at) =, ‘tensa ee ian ne incon f° Zy.— A. 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