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Islamic Civilization

The rapid rise of Islamic civilization from its Arabian origin through its expansion under

the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties is one of the unique aspects of Islamic tradition which led to

its division into several groups of political powers. The Islamic culture appreciated the work of

the Prophets who in most cases functioned in the Levant and Arabian Peninsula as sovereigns.

After the death of Mahmud, the prophet, the Umayyad Caliphs sent their armies to fight against

the diminishing empires of Byzantine and Persian such as Iraq, Egypt, Syria, and some parts

within Persia. Therefore, this provided the Umayyad and Abbasid empires authority to further

expand the Muslim rule to India and Spain. Later in 750 CE, the Abbasid dynasties conquered

the Umayyad and took the Baghdad up to 13th century (Goldschmidt Jr 122). Classical Islamic

Civilization thrived from its origin due to the caliphate powers in the Abbasids dynasties that

remains an important symbol to the Muslim community today.

The expansion of Islamic Civilization to Southwestern Europe, India, and Sub-Saharan

Africa led to the creation of cultural and educational institutions, such as the al-Azhar, and also

the steered to the creation of trading routes. In 909 CE, the Fatimids made their territory in North

Africa, and by 969 CE, they defeated Egypt (Goldschmidt Jr 129). In regards to this, the

Fatimids established a new capital city in al-Qahira, which is presently known as Cairo. The life

of people in these kingdoms changed for better, and more individuals became educated while
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other majored with businesses. The Fatimid influence expanded to other regions such as India

and Atlas mountains in the East and West respectively.

In the course of Islamic Civilization, Islamic religion stretched further to the Middle

Eastern countries to other parts of the word, especially to Southeast Asia and to the Sub- Saharan

Africa. The expansion of Muslim to these countries led to the conversion of the natives steered

by their rulers who anticipated to increase Muslim within their reigns. Reform movements were

a significant factor that led to the spread of Islamic culture which connected the social and

religious concerns of individuals.

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Works Cited

Goldschmidt Jr, Arthur. "Islamic Civilization." A Concise History of the Middle East. Routledge,

2018. pp. 112-131.