System of units

Measurements are present in our daily life: coffee, water, when buying vegetables,
electricity and the speed of a car are measured by the International System of
Units of Measurement and affect our daily lives. Currently it is impossible to
describe anything without referring to weights and measures, for example,
commerce and the laws that regulate it are highly dependent on this system. The
science of measurements is Metrology, in the metric measurement system,
designations of multiples and subdivisions of any unit can be obtained by
combining the prefixes deka, hecto, and kilo with the name of the unit, meaning 10,
100, and 1000, respectively. In order to make calculations simpler, this applies
particularly to scientific use, it is useful to have multiples greater than 1000 and
subdivisions less than one thousandth.

Why is the System of Units so important?

Formerly around the world, many regions adopted the methods and units of
measurement that best suited their needs. Therefore, numerous measurement
standards have established units over the years. The oldest data in the metric
system date back to the French Revolution, followed by the creation of two
platinum standards per meter and kilogram in the Archives de la République in
Paris. Giovanni Giorgi, an Italian physicist and electrical engineer, has
demonstrated that the mechanical units of this second meter-kilogram system can
be combined with electrical units. There are now seven basic units: Meter
(Distance), Kilogram (Weight), Second (Time), Ampere (Electrical Current), Kelvin
(Temperature) and Candela (Luminosity). And why is the system of the unit so
important? One of the most striking cases is NASA, when it found that after nearly
10 months of travel to Mars, the Mars Climate Orbiter burned down and broke into
pieces. This was due to poor unit conversion because the problem was with the
software that controlled the orbiter's propellers. The software used to measure the
force that the thrusters needed to exert in pounds of force. The mistake was to use
the measure in English. In order to do so, the contractor had to convert its
measurements into metrics, which was evidently not the case and had major
consequences.

Basic Quantities

Electricity is a type of energy that is transmitted by the movement of electrons

through a conductive material that allows electrons to flow inside it, inside the
conductive material, depending on the direction in which they travel, exist two
types of currents DC and AC. DC current is when it moves only in one direction or
forward, it is called direct current, on the other hand, alternating current if two
points p and q are considered and the same analogy is that the point p of a wheel
moves from point-to-point q but it never stops there it returns to its starting position.
Therefore, it is considered that a current that moves in both forward and backward
directions is called alternating current or AC. When talking about polarity, it is
understood that it is the property that a magnetic body has to orient itself from
north to south given its magnetic field, its function is to give direction to the flow of
current, the electrical polarity is what helps us determine which is the negative or
positive pole that is required (North or South), an example of polarity is when we
have a battery, each of its sides handles a positive and negative polarity, when
using a battery you must be aware that the poles are properly fitted, since their
incorrect placement could bring irreparable damage to electrical appliances. The
calculation of energy transmission to each coulomb of charge is EMF
(Electromotive Force), while voltage is the use of energy by one coulomb of charge
to pass from one point to another. When there is no current flow through the
source, the EMF is measured between the end point of the source and the voltage
is measured between the two points of the closed circuit. The potential distinction
is the work on a unit of charge carried out by the electrostatic force, while the EMF
is the work on a unit of charge performed by anything other than the electrostatic
force.