ELECTROMAGNETISM

A branch of physical science that

deals with the physical relations
between electricity and
magnetism.
It explains how electric current
create magnetic fields and vice-
versa.
Scientists in the
field of
Electromagnetism
Hans Christian Oersted- a
physics professor at the
Copenhagen University observed
that when current flowed through
the wire, the compass needle was
deflected 90 when the direction
0

of the current was reversed, the

needle moved 900 in the opposite
direction.
William Sturgeon (1783-1850)-
invented the first electromagnet.
Joseph Henry (1797-1878)-
improved and popularized
electromagnets.
Michael Faraday- made an
experiment about
electromagnetic induction.
MAGNETIC FIELD
ON A CURRENT-
CARRYING WIRE
The magnetic field produced
by a straight current-carrying
wire is found to be very
small compared to the
normal magnets. One way to
increase the magnetic field B
is to increase the current
flowing in the wire.
Right hand rule no. 1
Imagine that you are holding the wire
with your right hand. Point the thumb in
the direction of the electric current I.
Your fingers curl in the direction of B.
Right hand rule no. 2
Magnetic Field: Imagine you have a permanent magnet (a magnet that
always has a magnetic field) and a coil of wire.

Electric Current: When you pass an electric current through the coil of
wire, it creates a magnetic field around the wire. This magnetic field
interacts with the permanent magnet's field.

Movement: According to the basic principle of magnetism, opposite

magnetic poles attract while like poles repel. The interaction of the
magnetic fields causes the coil of wire to experience a force.

Rotation: If the coil is free to move, this force will make it rotate. In an
electric motor, the coil is usually attached to a shaft, and as it rotates, it
can do mechanical work.

So, in simple terms, an electric motor converts electrical energy (from

the flow of electric current in the coil) into mechanical energy (the
rotation of the coil), and this rotation can be used to drive various
mechanical devices like fans, wheels, or anything else depending on the
design of the motor.
General
applications of
Electromagnetic
induction
1. Electric motor- is an
electrical machine that
converts electrical energy
into mechanical energy.
2. Generator- is a device that
converts mechanical energy
to electrical energy for use in
an external circuit.
3. Transformer- is an electrical
device that transfers electrical
energy between two or more
circuits through electromagnetic
induction.
- Commonly, transformers are
used to increase or decrease the
voltages of alternating current in
electric power applications.
4. Galvanometer- is a type of a
sensitive ammeter. An instrument
for detecting electric current
5. Ammeter- is a measuring
instrument used to measure the
electric current in a circuit. Current
are measured in amperes.
6. Ohmmeter- is an electrical
instrument that measures electrical
resistance.
7. Voltmeter- is an instrument used
for measuring electrical potential
difference between two points in
an electric circuit.
8. Multimeter or multitester- also
known as a VOM ( Volt-Ohm-
Milliammeter) is an electronic
measuring instrument that
combines several measurement
functions in one unit.