Module dl: Differential Equations of Frrst Order and Fiast Deqree Average weightage ( 10-24 mks) “Toptes (Covered SS 1. Exact Otffevential Equations. (4 mrks) 2. Equations Yeductble to exact form. coy 8. htneay Offferenttal Equation. (érmkg) 4. Equatfon reducible to Linear form.érmrks? s: Bemoutli's Equatton . Cenmmg 6. Application of diffevent‘al équatton of first ordey "and first degree. (6ntuhs) > ay we Author: Khyati Baria www.Lastmomenttuitions.comDifferential Equation : A Equation uthich tnyolues differentials are cated cliyetential Equation. 3. i a ‘ 2. = for example: €*dx + e%dy=o ; ae +n =0. Orders: The highest derivative appearing in differentfal equ- ation 16 cated the order of dtffeventfal Tee for example : 44) e xf da)? 5 [2+( [+(e as Order ca. one’ Degree : The degree 6 the 2 ae Oru oceuing fn DE 15 Caled the degree ; digexenttanne uation. dey ° pines te For example : se oo = Degree = 4 The Differential Equa’ fo of type NS #@5u). Exact a ae Equation : A differentfal Equation which 5 obtained from tts primitive by dfffeventfatfon only and without any opexatfon of elfmination oy Yeductfon (5 caued an “ Exact Offerential Equation ! S$ the fist order and first degree hets say for a differential Equation Mdx+Ndy=0 fs sald te be exact differential equation only fF aM _ “oy :“The necessary and Sutffefent conditions Furr Mdx+Ndy =o to be exact fs gM. aN. “Oy ~ an olution of Exact Nifferentfal Equation Rule 1. : J mae ( treating Y 45 constant) + (Terms iN free R& wWdy =C Integrate Mdo wir t 2% eating y as wonstog PrN, ‘Integrate the tevms which ace free RO yeas Rue 2: ss { Nay ( teatfng % as ing Sens in M free fomy) du=C Oo Tntegeate Ndy wrt ytbating % constant. For Mdx Integrate Only those terms ae free fom ‘y wy-t 1. Vv sholved Examopl S Q4]. Sowe eee Yoosn +sfny +y Sinn + necosy + Aouution: Step2: Compare equatfon with Mdx-+Ndy =o and find values of M and N (stint xeosy +) dy + (Ywsntstnyty)dx=o0 " Ms Yywsx + Sing +y N= Sinn + %tosy +%> fing 2 Qn Step2 Ce oe OM _ 2 ywsx + stry+y) = losx+wsy +a oy oy oe “2 Sinn + xwsy+%) = Wont WSy ta ran iti IM. N Step3: Check the necessary sufffefent condition BESS ey 2M — aN oO y ox o° The equation 75 exact dfffeventtal ion Step4: Give the Souufon of exact atitepe ital equatfon ustag Yule 1 oy mWe2,. x J Marl tating y erste @I re Free From x) dy = ¢ J (uiosaee stay “ye Jody =C ystan + y+ my tooc The Soutton fs ystnn + nsfay +oy oc. 94. fan a + (8x-4y-3)dy = 0 Aouution + Step2 : Compare equatfon wlth Mdan+ Ndy =0 and find values of Mand N (4x t ay- 4) dx + (3"~ Fy -3)dy =10 2 Me 4x+3y-4 and N= 3x-4y-3Steps Find OM. and ON OM 2 2 (4x+3y-4) = 0t3-0 =3 ayy N ie on (3%- Fy-3) = O- one 3 Step3: Check the nevessary Ssuffiatert Londition aes Qe 22M Ss ay” On The equation f5 exact dffferventral ae Step: Give souutfon of exace ereseneg uation using Yule oy rule 2 LS . J Mdx( treating y wonstant) (Teams Free From 96) dy =¢ . { Cantay- adn ee Fy-ady =c “ (427 + ae 4) “ae ~ 3y) a6 ong an ~ ate =i 3 28 The saueg extact differentfal equation fs Brees otis = Fy? oy — Qo + SB ny - 4 4 sy aC =2N On Practice Problems 2), Sow NT. > z GQ.) Sowe 2(a+*NT)ydx + (AVG +2) dy <0 Peiiletas 92). Sol +1) +0 dx + (n+ logx—xsh ». Sole [y (+2) rosy) og LU OaNon Exact Orfferentfal Equatfon TF the Dfffeventfal Equatfon do not satisfy necessary Londlitions he fF ON ays oh then the equatfon fs Non exact dtffevential equatfon. These hhon exact equatfons when muttpited by 4 Suttable factor Cauled “Integrating Factor can be wonverted nto exact equation Rutes for finding “Integrating factor (IF) : & Rute: oe oF 2M —-2N\ ) fe fon of, [ OM =| fo a functfon — say F(x) N then, offer 5 fs an w toes Factor. aBolved Example 9a). Aowe Corsage myrdy =0 ? Aouution : Step : “4p Mdn+ Ney and find Mand N o ws Oct yada = xy3dy = 0 M= “4 4y4 and N = 2y3 Step2.: Find 2M and 2N oy me 4B (oxt ays) = ay Cem fete: 3 = -y3 ra y co. eM zi on these fs not exact differential arSteps: Find os an) /n : Aye4ys 5y3 LB = mys =y3 om foo = <5 Me o Integrating Factor (IF) = e! ioe Step: Find (LF) and ae (IP) utith —— ape e SFoodx & = * s/o 7 —s[Geyan or © = @ lgnS ~S a igh 'zasd oS IF = ae & Multfplytng AE Coty te dx ~ (y?dy)- ( ota) et ene =0 f5 now exact NE. Step5: Sowe Exact Offfevential Equatfon formed by nWe ov Mule 2. [dx (seating y constant) + { N( Free terms of ») dy = ¢ |man = | (4443)4m {nv (terms free fom x) dy = 0=e logy woes 9 4 +t The Solution fs logx —Y4 = c’ ie 4xtlogx-yie rc 234 Practice Problem 94>. Bowe (yny ty? -x)dx + xl x t2ydy = 0? Rule 2: & net ((au- a) m] f6 a function of shy Fly) 2: owed Example CS Q2y. Aowe (2my4e4 +2 dx + (9@y4e3 —22y?-3rddy Aoution + oe (veytey = my? 3%) dy = 0 Step1: Compare ufB} Mdn+Ndy =0 and Ahd Man. av = eerie! + 2nyety and HN Bere’ =e Step 2: Find 2M On fe Oy ond 0% eM +a) ig oes area) 2M ~ am (yaey+ yyse¥) + boy +2. e on = (sue — 924? 390)ON = 2Qay4e¥—2%y2-3 a pty eda : aN — 2M ftnd Cir) - Step3 > Rind (3 am) ]m and find GF) ~By2—4 - Sou3ed y (293 e4 + 274744) 2B 4) ioe Bey + 22242) 4 C2my3e9+ 2oy2+21) a = =H = ly) (IF) = of Flyddy o ed Jeaaay é a a pads x = eo gS = etoal en 2 (ap) = axe (a) to Step 4 = MUP aS lufth given equatfon and make. it exact = ae +Wld) dat (2ytes— ney? 390 dy (ai )ed ¥6 now The exact differential equation. Steps: Aowe the exact differential equation using rule 1 or 2ule2 oJMdnl beating y venstant) + Jnl Terms free from m0) dy =¢ ~ JMan = | (2me¥ + 2% + ta)dn “ \Mdn = [oe 22 \ Ete +HJ Ctems in N free from) dy = 0 -. The sotution 75 n7eY4 me 4 XR = C, y * Ye Practtee Problem Gah. owe (mys+y)du + 2(n2y2 4+ n4+44)dy = 0 9 Rule 3: Yj the equatton (5 of form Filoy)yan + Fa (oy) a@y =0 and Mx-Ny +0 then at Ts “Integrating Factor is Teena) e No) Aowed Example SY Ga. Aowe (ry sinny + wsry)y ae (my sinny - cosmy) dy? Aouutton : Cou stnmy + wory) y d uy stn ny — Cosy) ndy = 0 Step a: : M and eh Nomparing +o Min aNdy oo, ce “t osmy) y and Ne (yatn my — wsry) Step: Pind B= Ny and CIF). M = (muyrsin oy + y Losey) %— Ooeystnny— xvosoy Ma-Ny = (oeyrsin ay + my cosmy = n2yrsinny + My tos ny) * Ma-Ny = 2mycosmy (IF) = U Ma-Ny (ip) = i 2ny LosnyStep3+ Muthply Gr) to given equatfon . > YCrystnoy + wos) dx 4 aC 2ystn2y - cosruy) dy =0 ‘22yLos My 2ny cosmy 4 (ytonay +t) an + 4 (tarry —4) dy = 0 * (Ytanny + 2 )do + (oetanoy 1) dy =0 fs now exact differential equatfon. Step: owe the exact dtterentfal equation Ss 2 [Mado (heating y wnstant) + JN tems rg) dy ac “ Jman 2 J (ytanoy +4)dx 5 ce = logsecay + log aS s Jn Ctems free of a)dy = Pp ey The Sotution fs ou) Bs, ~ log ysloge The ara Sec (my) = cy Y Practice. Problem > 92). se (atory)dy=o 2 Rute 4: Jy the equation Md + Nady =o Ts homogeneous and the Max+Ny #0 then Its Integrating factor fs (__4 4 ( Ma+Ny )Fowed Example Qa). Sole (my —27y2)d1— (13-324) oly = 0 Aolutfon » (m2y-22y2d2—-(%3—3>2y) dy =0 Step2: Find vaiues of MPN and check if equation fs homogenay Me my ~ 22> and N = -%34 3024 Step2 : find Mn+ Ny and (IF). Se Mat Ny = (*y-2y2)n + (13-3% y : = 93 y - 2n2y2 + 99g + see Mn+ Ny = 2y? Ss Ini fai Snails eg rating ctor ey apg NIE) i Steps: Matttply Re: given equation. Ass = aN ah? eo (+R) =o (5 now exact PE. Step: SoWe the exact Hifferential Equation ms Jordan (beating yuonstant)+ j N (Terms free oF x)dy =¢ ‘ Man = { (4-2) an = 3% ~2logn Jay = aegy " = J (tems of N free From) dyfonts 20 = The Solution fs 7 2logx + 3logy = -loge 4 + logur® + logy? = —toge # a log (t,) + logy* + loge =0 a beg (<2) = ie cys = eH %hy cea & * The solutfon fs also can be unitten 05 eta tel Practice Problem es G1). Sowe yluaty)dx - xly- gs 2 L trea Equations & A differential equatfo Said t0 be linear only If ali the dependent variable ag tts derivatives ave tn first deqree. “The form of Lingafequation of First order is SO +P) 24 Wuhexe P § are functions of % cr wnstants. Steps to Sowe Ltheay Equatfon mete fon f. di 2 2, equation fs tn form Go 4 fy 8. 2). Fing ‘Integrating Factor e SPdx, 8). The Solut‘on is y. dam JelP gan acesolved Example BD Fae fe Be Gee ae Soa) Avlution: “The given equatton ts linear differential equation tn form dy. Py = @. an td ite re aw S ieeaas Se J edn 3 J wt) dn = 2| aes = 2log(*+2) oe SPdn = tog Loe-+ a)* we Integrating factor = eSPax 3 log le +3)* Sey Pd Pa “The soution ts xe y-e oe - fe! 2 Qdx +e . son Joe *a & . J at papal eas gaxte tant +c Hence, the Solution fs y(m?+a)*—- tan'n + Practice Problem jay. Aowe sin2x- dy = y4 tann §ay oad 2Equations Reductble to Uineay Forms ‘Type T+ By Reawantng Terms A dfffeventfal equatfon of the form id +P = Q' whee P! and 6’ qe functions of y Only 5 also a linear differential equation with % and y hauing fntexchanged positions. The Solution ts eS? JedPay, Q'dy 4c Gowed Example & Q2). 4owe (1+ Sfny) a = 2ycosy - oo tany)? Aolution : ~O (a+ 5tny) ane = 2ywsy — GS tany) The gfven equation can be e as dx 4 xls Dims 2ysy 14 stay ae @pmy) ot alsecy + Gos) = 2ylwsy ny 34 Sing ae 4 dts Aecy- siny) = 2ytosy ay ow 14 stay 14 sfny we + Aecy (a+sfoy).% = 2ywsy iy a+ stng a+ sing aon Aetys H = Byws “ay d+sfny P= secy and §'- wsy atsfng oe aa e J secy dy = clogleecy+ tary)= Secy + tony =i 14 Shay Peith jooelaciny. sy * The solution is ee J clay, G'dy +¢ x. Utsing Ze | 2yusy , (1+6iny) ac cosy, cosy I+stny = Judy +e ae S$ “ The Solution fs %(1+ stay) = y ways seeosy. Practice Problem we Ga, Bowe (2492)dx = (eters pialy 2 S “Type TL: By Substftutfon < The equation of the Fundy 4P-#ly) = Q where P m and @ ate function % only. Hee we subst \ FU) ay and Paik dy wv en equation becomes a +Pv=aQ The sotfon tp aboue equatfon Ts : Pe ve! ae (0 Qdx+c. Powed Example Qs). Solve Be + %6in2y = %3L0S*y 9dy oe Bad + "5In2y = 13W0s?y aul Vay Asinay = 13 wey dy | testy seem dy + UW 2singoosy _ 43 (sy 6 dy nee ecey Gu 4+ 2tany.%= 8 < “ Substftute, tany = Vv 9 di ‘ Ce) & d “xd Gu + une na ~ Jean = eo ne ats a qe. eSfdx . plain oe 1. The cnatong gS elPdn _ Jelaxganec vigor nrdn+c ubstitute 12 =t 2% = ee Jet +. de Za £[ tet Jet de] wftetery = det(t-2) ale " =se 22 (42-2) SS Bemoutits’ equation fs rea Ser form by duiitdling 4” Ateps to sowe Bemouurs a . Ph A <0 ay. Rivide equ ait + Py by “yy?” mah = 2» ce =V eo oy i, dy = dv Wan” dx d. 4 5 ton d =n)Pv = (a- 0 Linear equation ae n)Pv = (a-n)@ Ay. owe Uneay equation th v. Sy. Resubsiftute V = Es ard get Final solutfon. Bowed Example 94). Aowe my (24742) dd 2a 9Potion + Male nye) a = 2 (oyt 148) dy. dx a AY + Wyd = dH “The sowution fs ve! 12 & xt elite n ee a rene igs 2)+c =e (yX-2) +¢ Drea) yecey >Ae 2-y2 + cede nm Practice Problem 93). Sowe dx = 7tano-2 9 de @se * 82. Sowe (ny>- oe )dn = my dy=0 ? Appltcatton of Nifferentral Equations owed Example Se Q. Tn a cuit contatring tnductance, [Svestetance R, and the voltage E, the cumnent ¢ is given, yeas +Rr=E . Rnd the ausnent f at time & ff at ,» t=0 and L,R,E ace Constants 7 © Solution : bat A € given equatfon can be oF lineay equ as wt eee Ao Solution ej linear equation can be given as i plhide _ Veet ely E » REL mee sees ge He L + Ree ce = e( Rte rR r @)+< = £.ehtltyWhent=0 ;[=0 ele, R felt proces € Rk yr See iete 2) ° R t= EN cro) R Ss Practice Problem oC 92). The dffferemtial equation of a moving bey opposed by & force per unft mass of value cx and, see stance per unft mass of Value bv2 where % and vy @ displacement and Velo: the tide that +t Mn dv == city pax at Beir teen Vd ‘Cx-bv?) Find the Velocity 6] the paxtti Gh terms of %, PF rt storts trom vest 9Last Moment Tuitions Free Sample Handmade Notes of Engineering Maths- This series is completely for beginners if you don't know the basics its completely fine then also you can easily learn from this series and understand the complex concept of maths in a easy way Take the Full course of Engineering Maths~ »now : I - ies Whatsapp us : 7038604912 What we Provide . 1) 50+ video Lectures ( Videos are infblindi Short and simple ) 2) Handmade Notes with Problem for you to Practice ( Bina Practice ke maths nahi nikalta so we have @@ated handmade notes for you jisme saare steps covered hai plus problém Yor you to practice sums bhi hai with solution ) 3) Strategy on How'to pass (Alag alag video sab branch ke liye jisme bataya jayenga konse topi¢s important hai aur paper kaise attend karna hai with complete analysis of previous year papers ) Branches Covered (Comps,Mech, Civil, Extc,electrical,electronics, IT) To take the course whatsapp us now : 7038604912 Handmade Notes : Notes are Brilliant , Easy Language , East to understand (Student Feedback ) Exam ke Pehle Notes ek baar Dekhlo revision aise hi jata hai If you have any query feel free to ask whatsapp us : 7038604912