Arab Academy for Science, Technology &

Maritime Transport Structure

College of Engineering & Technology
Analysis (II)
For 3rd Year of Construction and Building
Department

Lecture 1
Methods of Structural Analysis of Statically
indeterminate Structures LECTURE:
D R : A S M A A YA S S E E N H A M E D
 ➢ Introduction to Methods of Structural Analysis of
Statically indeterminate Structures
➢ Virtual work Method for the analysis of Statically
indeterminate Structures
Course ➢ Method of Consistent Deformations

Content ➢ Method of Three Moment Equation For continuous

beams
➢ Slope- Deflection Method
➢ Moment Distribution Method
➢ Stiffness Method
➢ Computer Validation
2
 ➢ Structural Analysis-si Ed.-(ASLAM)CB343-
KASSIMALI, ASLAM -CENGAGE LEARNING -5th Edt.
➢ Fundamental of Structural Analysis by SPENCER W.J.
Publisher: W.J. Spencer, Macmillan Education LTD,
USA,1991
➢ Theory of Structures by RAMAMRUTHAN S.
References Publisher: Dhanpat Rai and Sons, 1993.
➢ Analysis and Behavior of Structures by ROSSOW
EDWINC. Publisher: Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA,
1996.
➢ Structural Analysis by TARTAGLIONE LOUIS C.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, USA, 1991

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN
3
 Introduction
The main Purpose of studied the Structure Analysis is to find The
Reaction Supports (External Redundant), and Find The Internal
Force at the start and end of each member (Internal Redundant)
(M, N, Q)

‫الغرض األساسى من تحليل المنشآت هو إيجاد ردود األفعال عند الركائز (المجاهيل‬
) ‫الخارجية) وكذلك إيجاد القوى الداخلية في بداية ونهاية كل ضلع ( المجاهيل الداخلية‬
) ‫وهى ( العزوم و قوى القص وقوى المحورية‬

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 Steps of Analysis
➢ Preliminary Structural Design
➢ Estimation of Loads and supports
➢ Determine the stability and Determinacy of structure
➢ Suggest the suitable method to solve the structure and find
the reaction
➢ Find the internal force (shear force- Normal Force-
Moment)

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 5
 Determinacy of Structures

Statical Determent Structures Statical Indeterminate Structures

‫المنشآت المحدده استاتيكيا وهى المنشآت التي يمكن إيجاد ردود األفعال‬
‫عند الركائز باستخدام معادالت االتزان‬
We can solve the structure and find the reaction
by using the Equilibrium Equation and the
intermediate hinge equation
Number of Unknown (Reaction)=Equilibrium
Equation
U (R)=E
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN
‫المنشآت الغير محدده استاتيكيا هي المنشآت التي ال يمكن إيجاد ردود األفعال‬
‫لها باستخدام معادالت االتزان فقط ولكن نستخدم احدى الطرق التي سياتى ذكرها‬
‫تفصيليا للحل‬
We can't solve the structure and find the
reaction by using the Equilibrium Equation
or the intermediate hinge equation. We
must used special methods
Number of Unknown (Reaction) > Equilibrium
Equation
U (R)>E
6
Statical Determent Structures Statical Indeterminate Structures
∑Fx=0 Types of Indeterminate structures:
Equilibrium Equation 1- External : Due to increase in reaction (Dext)
∑Fy=0
2- Internal: Due to Tie or closed part have three
∑M=0 unknown (Dint )
3- External and Internal :Due to the two case above

Intermediate hinges one Equation Dext = R- (3+C)

‫حيث ان وجود مفصالت بالمنشأ تعمل على زيادة عدد المعادالت‬ Dint = D - Dext
1- ‫بعدد يساوى عدد االضالع المرتبطه بالمفصله‬ Where;
D: Degree of Total structure internal and external
R: No of the reaction
C: No of Joint which is calculated in Reaction
C= 2-1 =1 one equation support

C=3-1=2 Two equation

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 7
 Degree of Determinacy in Beams
▪ Number of Unknown : Internal ….Such as (Tie-Link-Closed Part) and
External (Reactions) …(U)
▪ Number Of Equation: Such as (Equilibrium Equations – Joints)…….(E)

D=R=U-E
D: degree of determinacy
Or R : number of redundant

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EXAMPLES

1 2

A B D
XB A B C
XB

YA YB
YA YB YC
No of Reactions = R= 3
No of Equations = E= 3 No of Reactions = R= 4
D = Degree of Determinacy= R-E =0 No of Equations = E= 3+1(intermediate hinge)=4
Statically determinate and stable D = Degree of Determinacy= R-E =0
Statically determinate and stable

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 3
EXAMPLES

A
A XA B XB
B
XA XB

MA YA YB
MA YA YB
TO BE Statical
Determinate
We can delete the horizontal reaction XA=XB Xa=Xb
No of Reaction (R)=4 R=4
E=3 E=3+1=4
D=R-E = 4-3=1 D=R-E = 4-4=1
The beam is stable and Statical indeterminate The beam is stable and Statical
from one degree determinate

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EXAMPLES
4

A Xa a b c
Xa B C

Ma Ya Yb Yc
Ma Ya Yb Yc
Convert Statical
determinate

R=4 Unstable part

E=2
Xa a b c
D=R-E = 4-2=2
The beam is stable and Statical
indeterminate from second degree
Ma Ya Yb Yc

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 Degree of Determinacy in Frames
To Determine the Frame Statical Determinate or Statical Indeterminate, We can
use this expression
D=(3m+r)-(3J+C)
Where:
m: No of member
r: No of external reactions
J: No of joint at start and end of each member
C: No of Equation of intermediate hinge
C=(No of member joint with intermediate hinge -1)

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 1 2
EXAMPLES
E F

C D

XA XB XA XB
A B A B

YA YB YA YB
m=3 m=6
r=4 r=4
J=4 J=6
C=0 C=0
D=(3m+r)-(3J+C) D=(3m+r)-(3J+C)
D=(3×3+4)-(3×4+0)=1 D=(3×6+4)-(3×6+0)=4
Statically indeterminate from one degree Statically indeterminate from Forth degree
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 13
 3 Closed Frame 4
EXAMPLES
F D
C

XA
A B XAA XB XC
B C
E
YA YB YA YB YC
m=7 m=8
r=3 r=6
J=6 J=8
C=0 C=4-1=3
D=(3m+r)-(3J+C) D=(3m+r)-(3J+C)
D=(3×7+3)-(3×6+0)=6 D=(3×8+6)-(3×8+3)=3
Statically indeterminate from Six degree Statically indeterminate from Three degree
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 14
 6
EXAMPLES 5
C D E

A B C
XA

YA YC XB
XA B
A
YB
YA MB
XD D

m=5
YD
m=3 r=3+2=5
r=2+1+2=5 J=5
J=4 C=4
C=1 D=(3m+r)-(3J+C)
D=(3m+r)-(3J+C) D=(3×5+5)-(3×5+4)=1
D=(3×3+5)-(3×4+1)=1 Statically indeterminate from one degree
Statically indeterminate from one degree
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 Degree of Determinacy in Trusses
To Determine the Frame Statical Determinate or Statical Indeterminate, We can
use this expression
D=(m + R)-(2J)
Where:
m: No of member
R: No of external reactions
J: No of joint at start and end of each member

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 16
 1 2
EXAMPLES

XA XA

YA YB YA YB YC
m= 21
m= 21
R= 4
R= 3
J=12
J=12
D=(m + R)-(2J)
D=(m + R)-(2J)
D=(21+4)-(2×12)=1
D=(21+3)-(2×12)=0
Stable and Statical Indeterminate from one degree
Stable and Statical Determinate

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 17
 3
4
EXAMPLES

XA XB XB
XA
YA
YB YA YB
m= 21
m= 18 R= 4
R= 4 J=11
J=10 D=(m + R)-(2J)
D=(m + R)-(2J) D=(21+4)-(2×11)=3
D=(18+4)-(2×10)=2 Stable and Statical Indeterminate from Three
Stable and Statical Indeterminate from Two degree degree

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 Compare Between The Statically Determinate And
Indeterminate Structures

Statical Determinate Statical Indeterminate

Settlement

Effect on
No effect bending
on binding

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 Statical Indeterminate
Statical Determinate Raise in Temperature

Serious Effect in bending

No effect in bending

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Statical Determinate Statical Indeterminate
Economic

More Economical

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 Statical Indeterminate
Statical Determinate
Deflection

Defection in statical determinate is 4 times

the deflection in statical indeterminate

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 Statical Indeterminate
Statical Determinate
Stability

More More
load load

Plastic hinge

Three hinged beam =unstable beam Plastic hinge

Still stable beam

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 23
 ➢ Analysis Methods For Indeterminate Structures

Force Displacement
(Flexibility) (Stiffness)
1- Consistence Deformation √ 1- Moment Distribution √
2- Three Moment Equations √ 2- Slope Deflection √
3- Column Analogy 3- Stiffness √
4- Elastic Centre

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 Difference Between Two Methods

Force (Flexibility) Displacement (Stiffness)

Deformed
shape

Replace with
the force Deformed
shape

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 Degree Of Freedom
UX, UY, UZ Translational

For every point in space

there are 6 degree of
freedom

θX, θY, θZ Rotational

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Supports In Space

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 27
Supports In Plane

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 Classification Degree of Freedom

Translational Rotational
‫االزاحات‬ ‫الدوران‬

Axial Shear Bending Torsional

(Membrane) (Flexural)
UX, UY, UZ θX, θY, θZ

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 ANY QUESTIONS

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