Learning Module 13

Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University

ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited
LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course Purposive Communication – GEC 105
Sem/AY First Semester/2020-2021
Module No. 13
Lesson Title RESEARCH-BASED ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
Week
2-3
Duration
Date Nov. 9-14, 2020
This unit teaches students the importance to argue with logic as well as passion. Students are
Description of expected to write an argumentative essay by following some standard steps for writing an essay as
the Lesson well as by doing some things that are required for argumentative essays, such as citing your
sources.
Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning
Outcomes  describe characteristics of an argumentative essay
 explain elements of argumentative essay
 demonstrate understanding of argumentative essay format
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Objectives 1. Differentiate the research-based argumentative essay from the explanation
essay and the blog;
2. Appreciate the benefits of doing research;
3. Demonstrate the ability to transform research into sound arguments; and
4. Write a research-based argumentative essay of at least 1,000 words on any
topic of your choice.
Student Learning Strategies
Online Activities Online Discussion via Google Meet

(Synchronous/ You will be directed to attend in a Two-Hour class discussion on the nature of language. To
Asynchronous) have access to the Online Discussion, refer to this link: ____________________.
The online discussion will happen on August 31 and September 2, 2020, from 9:00- 10:00AM.
(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the schedule of activities for
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

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this module)
B. Learning Guide Questions:

Tell students you will be working on argumentative essays. Define the term, and discuss and
share prior experience and knowledge with the genre.
 What is the purpose of argumentative essays?

 What is the most important element of an argumentative essay?
Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum using Learning Management
System (LMS) will receive additional scores in class participation.
Lecture Guide
Check your understanding of the input by answering the following question:
Please ask the following questions to yourself, and provide your answers in full sentences in
the space provided.
1. What controversial topics do you discuss with your friends and classmates? And why?
2. Do you examine all sides of an issue before you takes position? Why or why not? How
do/can you consider
 We all know that research is important. Without research, many of the advancement
in science and technology that we enjoy today would not have been possible.
 Without research, we would not know what to do to help people when catastrophe
strikes.
 Faraday and Fleming are scientists who conducted research. However, one does not
have to be a scientist to do research.
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/Self-Paced) Explanation Essay Blog Research-based
argumentative Essay
What is it? An essay that A personal journal An essay that
answers the question or diary entry that presents a writer’s
“why” is posted online position with support
from research studies
What is the purpose To inform readers Any of the To persuade readers
of the writing about why something following: to accept the writer’s
project? happens To entertain position
To instruct
To inform
To persuade
Does it require Research may be Research may be Research must be
research? used but is not used but is not used to support the
required. required writer’s claim or
position.

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What is an argumentative essay?

 The purpose of an argumentative essay is to firmly declare a specific position on a
particular issue or cause and to provide multiple reasons, backed up by supporting
evidences and facts, for why the reader should change their way of thinking or adopt
the author’s point of view.
When exploring potential topics, ask yourself:

 Why did this happen?
 Is this important?
 How should we react?
When exploring potential subject matter, it may be wise to draft a list of potential points that
could be used as evidence in favour of or against the chosen issue.
CONSIDER EACH SIDE OF THE ARGUMENT AND DETERMINE YOUR POSTION
After you’ve picked a topic that you feel passionate about, call upon your list of points for
each side of the topic and determine which side you most closely relate to. One of the most
crucial elements of an argumentative essay is to ponder and present both sides of the issue
and undertake a thorough assessment of each.
Regardless of which position you take, it is important to consider educated arguments for the
opposite positions so that you are able to clearly persuade them to see the validity of your
argument.
COMPILE SUPPORTING MATERIAL AND EVIDENCES
When assessing each side of the argument, consider the five most common questions
addressed in argument claims:
1. FACT
2. DEFINITION
3. CAUSE
4. VALUE
5. PROPOSITION
WRITE THE ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
Now that you have established a strong outline, you can begin to create your argumentative
essay structure. Much like all other types of essays, argumentative essay format should
consist of three main parts: The introductory paragraph, the body, and the closing
statement. The length of each paragraph will vary depending on the overall length of the
assignment, however, five to seven sentences ( unless there are a lot of in-depth facts and
figures) is a rational starting point.

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ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY INTRODUCTION
Similar to every other type of essay, the very first paragraph of an argumentative research
paper should contain an opening statement (or a short explanation of the topic), key pieces of
background information, a solid thesis statement. In this specific instance, the thesis
statement will proclaim where you stand on the matter being argued.
HOW TO DRAFT YOUR THESIS STATEMENT?
In order to write a sound thesis, it is first necessary to consider the topic as a question. This
can be done by referring back to the list of questions created when assessing both sides of the
argument.
For example, if the author were to take a pro stance for the topic of government subsidized
day-cares, the questions asked might look like this:
 Does unaffordable day-care cause serious problems for the average family? FACT
 What is “licensed day-care? DEFINITION
 What are the effects of unaffordable or unreliable childcare? CAUSE AND EFFECT
 How important is for families to have access to childcare? VALUE
 What more can be done to make licensed day-care affordable and accessible for all
families? PROPOSITION
More often than not, the question asked also doubles as the title of the argument paper,
however, it may also be the concluding line of the introduction. The answer to this question is
what makes up the thesis. Have a look at the argumentative essay introduction example.
o Example: The government has an obligation to ensure that all families have access to
affordable and reliable childcare. This can be done by offering working parents with
income-based subsidies.
It may be constructive to refute possible objections early on. This can be done by using an
introductory phrase at the beginning of the thesis statement to indicate that you are refuting
opposing views.
o Example: While some may argue that licensed childcare is a luxury reversed for the
working class and that subsidized childcare would only further tax an already
overburdened social service system, studies have indicated that inefficient access to
affordable childcare hinders a person’s ability to work and cause even more strain on
the social service system.
A good argumentative essay clearly presents both sides of the argument. The body and the
supporting paragraphs should contain fact-based evidence to not only support your position
but also to refute all other positions. Each side of the argument should be explained with a fair

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amount of detail and the strongest points of the position that you are siding against should be
stated for contrast.
Once the opposing side has been explained, clearly state your viewpoint and offer concrete
evidence to strengthen your argument as being the most valid.
PROVIDE SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
Call upon the strongest available evidence and use this to back up your claims one at a time.
Choose a variety of evidence, such as anecdotal stories, research studies, or statistics.
Following the structure of an argumentative essay, the body could be anywhere from a few
paragraphs to several hundred pages in length.
Remember to re-state why your position is the most logical.
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE
Argumentative essay structure is relatively direct. A well thought out and properly executed
research paper will:
 Engage the reader, educate them about a particular issue and entice them to want to
learn more.
 Tactfully explain both viewpoints of the argument.
 Persuade the reader to view your viewpoint as the most valid.
 Diplomatically refute any possible objections that the reader might have.
 Encourage the reader to adopt a new way of thinking.
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY STEP-BY-STEP
The roadmap below can be used to create a solid outline for an argumentative essay.
1. The Introduction. The introductory paragraph not only explains the topic, but it also
compares and contrasts both sides of the argument and concludes with the thesis
statement. Here are few helpful tips:
a. Use the title to deliver your viewpont. Consider using a question as the title.
b. Consider your readers – what key parts of the topic would be most attention
grabbing or persuasive for them?
c. Ensure that your thesis statement is direct and answer the question asked. A
good thesis statement will promote your position and should be the final
sentence of the introductory paragraph.
2. The Body. The body paragraphs explain why exactly it is that the reader should adopt
your viewpoint and see your thesis as fact. It is crucial that the body refutes all
possible objections, and has evidence to support the facts.
a. The Reasons and the Facts
i. Typically, the body of an argumentative essay will contain no less than
three reasons why the author’s position is the most valid. These
reasons are known as “topic sentences”.

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ii. Each topic sentence should be backed up by facts, statistics, sound
argument or other supporting data.
b. Expect opposition and determine objections
i. Consider the possible objections that a reader may have and refute
them with fact-based evidence.
3. The Conclusion. The final paragraph should be used to offer a closing statement that
persuades the reader to adopt a specific viewpoint.
a. Why should the reader change their stance (position or side) and share your
point of view?
b. Consider using anticipated objections when making your closing remarks.
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY EXAMPLES AND GUIDELINES

 Stay away from overly emotional language and resist the urge to belittle the opposing
views
 Understand the differences that exist between a logical conclusion and an emotional
viewpoint.
 Do not embellish (make (a statement or story) more interesting or entertaining by
adding extra details, especially ones that are not true) the fact, make up supporting
evidence or use unreliable sources for research or evidence.
 Clearly and properly cite all of your sources, use footnotes if needed.
 Take the time to make an outline and stick with it.
 Be prepared to deliver an educated rebuttal (Rebuttal is a literary technique in which
a speaker or writer uses argument, and presents reasoning or evidence intended to
undermine or weaken the claim of an opponent) to support your position. This means
having the foresight to know the most likely arguments for all possible objectives.
 Read sample argumentative essays to gain stronger insight into what works and what
does not.
What Is an Annotated Bibliography?
An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation
is followed by a brief (usually about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the
annotation. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy,
and quality of the sources cited.
The Process
Creating an annotated bibliography calls for the application of a variety of intellectual skills:
concise exposition, succinct analysis, and informed library research.
First, locate and record citations to books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful
information and ideas on your topic. Briefly examine and review the actual items. Then choose
those works that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic.
Cite the book, article, or document using the appropriate style.
Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the book or
article. Include one or more sentences that (a) evaluate the authority or background of the

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author, (b) comment on the intended audience, (c) compare or contrast this work with
another you have cited, or (d) explain how this work illuminates your bibliography topic.
Critically Appraising the Book, Article, or Document
For guidance in critically appraising and analysing the sources for your bibliography, see How
to Critically Analyse Information Sources. For information on the author's background and
views, ask at the reference desk for help finding appropriate biographical reference
materials and book review sources.
Choosing the Correct Citation Style
Check with your instructor to find out which style is preferred for your class. Online citation
guides for both the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological
Association (APA) styles are linked from the Library's Citation Management page.
Sample Annotated Bibliography Entries
The following example uses APA style (Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, 6th edition, 2010) for the journal citation:
Waite, L. J., Goldschneider, F. K., & Witsberger, C. (1986). Nonfamily living and the erosion of
traditional family orientations among young adults. American Sociological Review, 51, 541-
554.
The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the
National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that
nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving
them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly
supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males.
Increasing the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-
sufficiency, and changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams
cited below shows no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of
nonfamily living.
This example uses MLA style (MLA Handbook, 8th edition, 2016) for the journal citation:
Waite, Linda J., et al. "Nonfamily Living and the Erosion of Traditional Family Orientations Among
Young Adults." American Sociological Review, vol. 51, no. 4, 1986, pp. 541-554.
The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the
National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that
nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving
them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly
supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males.
Increasing the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-

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sufficiency, and changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams
cited below shows no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of
nonfamily living.
SOURCES OF YOUR RESEARCH
 Your sources must be acceptable. Is the source relevant? Does it provide the latest
facts and figures? Is it reliable? Given these criteria for deciding on the acceptability of
sources, the following are usually not considered:
o Any holy book (i.e. Bible) or inspirational writing (e.g. self-help books)
o Any work of literature (e.g. novels, short stories, plays, poems)
o The dictionary
o Personal blogs or journal, diary entries
o Wikipedia
Kind of Notes for the Research Paper
 There are basically four kinds of notes for the research paper that you might need to
take. What kind of note do you need to take is a matter of your research paper
requirement.
 You can also use a combination of any two types of notes for your research paper. The
four kinds of notes for the research paper include paraphrase, direct quotation, and
personal comment.
 You already know that you have to take a single note on a single sheet of paper and
you have to write down important details about the note on the corners of the paper.
 These important details will also include what kind of note is it: a paraphrase, a
summary, a quotation, or a comment? This helps you later in analysing the note and
making the right conclusions out of it.
Types of notes for the research paper

1. A summary note
 As a student, you might have written summaries several times, the rules to write a
summary are the same here.
 The summarized note should have the following characteristics. It should have to be
smaller in length than the original text, it should follow authors perspective but in
your words, and it should follow the original organization of ideas by the author.
 To write a summary note you need both good reading and writing skills.
 The aim is to select the important points and avoid the inclusion of unimportant
details.
 Usually, students write a summary note when there are lengthy details and they feel
like there are too many points that they do not need to be included in the research
paper.

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2. A paraphrase note
 A paraphrase note restates the original text but in your words, the length of the note
will remain the same as of the original text.
While writing a paraphrase note keep in mind that you do not need to interpret it in your own
words, you have to follow authors opinions and thoughts.
 You need to write a paraphrase note when you want to simplify the language and
make it understandable.
 You might want to restate a technical passage into a simple language that your
readers can understand.
 Poetic expressions can also be converted into prose, a prose will be easier to
understand than poetry for a lot of people.
 Sometimes the purpose of paraphrasing is to make the text easier for you to
understand and analyze.
3. A direct quotation
 A direct quotation is a word by word copy of the text that you read in a book,
newspaper or journal etc.
 Not just the words but the punctuations should also be followed carefully as in the
original source.
 You have to be very careful with using a direct quotation in your research paper, give
full and proper credit to the author of that quote.
 There might be many situations when you need to write a direct quotation in your
research paper.
 For example, you need to write about a controversial topic and you want to avoid any
bias by changing any words. You might find a direct quotation beneficial when you
have to write about something where accuracy is very important. You can also use a
direct quotation when you find a perfect piece of writing that does not and should not
be changed.
 When taking a direct quotation note follow all the rule that you followed while taking
note of a summary or a paraphrase. Write down the full reference from where you
took the quotation, also mention that it is a quotation.
4. A personal comment
 Your comments about the research paper will make your research paper personal and
unique.
 You have to write your own findings and opinions in your research paper. There are
many times that we have some thoughts about a topic as we are reading about it.
 The moment you have some ideas and insights about the topic you should pen it
down on a note card. This will help you later when you have to write down your

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analysis.
 These ideas if not properly recorded can be forgotten you cannot rely on your
memory so better be safe by recording them.
 A personal comment is simple to record but very useful later on while you are
synthesizing the whole research paper.
Performance Tasks
PT 1
Directions:
Write a blog on any topic of your choice. Decide first on your purpose for creating the blog. You may choose from any
of the following reasons for blogging:
o To entertain
o To inform
o To instruct
o To persuade
PT 2
Check your understanding of the input by answering the following question:
1. What is a blog?
2. How is blog similar to a journal or diary entry?
3. How is a blog different from a journal or diary entry?

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Understanding Directed Assess
Rubric for Designing Lesson Plan (PT 1 & PT2

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Learning Resources
Africa, Augusto C., Purposive Communication in the Now, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. 2018
Barrot, Jessie S. & Sipaco, Philippe John F., Purposive Communication in the 21st Century, C & E
Publishing, 2018
Madrunio, Marilu R. & Martin, Isabel P., Purposive Communication: Using English in Multilingual
Contexts, C & B Publishing, Inc. 2018.
Santos, Maria L. & Uychoco, Marikit Tara A., Communication for Society Purposive Communication,
Rex Book Store, 2018
SyGaco, Sonia B, Principles and Competencies in Purposive Communication, GBT Great Books
Trading, 2018
https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-argumentative-essay.html
http://readingcraze.com/index.php/kind-of-notes-for-the-research-paper/
Faculty In-Charge
VIOLETA P. RANA
Santa Cruz, Main Campus
Barangay Bubukal, Santa Cruz, Laguna
Email: violyrana@gmail.com
Mobile: 09751949186

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Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Student Learning Strategies

Online Activities Online Discussion via Google Meet

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

B. Learning Guide Questions:

 What is the purpose of argumentative essays?

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

What is an argumentative essay?

When exploring potential topics, ask yourself:

CONSIDER EACH SIDE OF THE ARGUMENT AND DETERMINE YOUR POSTION

COMPILE SUPPORTING MATERIAL AND EVIDENCES

WRITE THE ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY INTRODUCTION

HOW TO DRAFT YOUR THESIS STATEMENT?

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

PROVIDE SUPPORTING EVIDENCE

Remember to re-state why your position is the most logical.

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY STEP-BY-STEP

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY EXAMPLES AND GUIDELINES

What Is an Annotated Bibliography?

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Critically Appraising the Book, Article, or Document

Choosing the Correct Citation Style

Sample Annotated Bibliography Entries

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Kind of Notes for the Research Paper

Types of notes for the research paper

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Check your understanding of the input by answering the following question:

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Understanding Directed Assess

Rubric for Designing Lesson Plan (PT 1 & PT2

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

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