Research Study Critiquing Exercises

Read the questions per number and provide the needed answers.
Refer to the attached files of Research Studies needed per number.
#1 – Seiler and Moss (2012)
#2 – Thomas et al. (2012)
#3 – Melvin et al. (2012)
#4 - Henneman et al. (2010)

1. Read the METHODS section of the study Seiler and Moss (2012) and answer the following
questions.
1. What research design was used to conduct this research study?
Answer: This study took a qualitative naturalistic method, with phenomenological
concepts guiding data gathering and interpretation
2. Describe the sample in the study.
Answer: The target population comprised of nurse practitioners that were directly
involved in delivering healthcare to homeless people.Purposive and snowball sampling
methods were used to choose participants from submissions who had worked in southeast
and northeast Wisconsin clinics that offered health treatment to the homeless for at least
six months.
3. What important procedures and methods were used to collect data in this study?
Answer: Prior to data collection, a demographic questionnaire and an open-ended
interview between the researcher and participants were used to gather information. Each
participant received an information letter that fully described the study, including the
researcher's contact information, as well asa reminder that they could choose not to
participate at any time and that the study's results would be available to them.
4. What methods were used during data analysis?
Answer: Data were analyzed using descriptive phenomenology following each interview
the audio tape recordings were transcribed verbatim by a transcriptionists over grabbed
the confidentiality issues and with prior experience in the management of qualitative data
the researcher then read over the transcriptions

2. Read the study of Thomas et al, (2012) and answer the following questions.
1. Is the design appropriate?Why or why not?
 Answer: Yes, because it provides a plan of study that permits accurate assessment of the
effectiveness of education or coaching compared to the usual care to improve cancer pain
management.
2. Is the control consistent with the research design? Why or why not?
Answer: Yes, because randomization was used to ensure the balance across the treatment
groups within each stratification cell.
3. What are the threats to internal validity, and how did the investigators control for each?
Answer: Threats are testing, history, maturation, social interaction and regression to
mean. Investigators used randomization to ensure the balance across the treatment groups
within each stratification cell.
4. What are the threats to external validity, and how did the investigators control for
each?
Answer: Threats are history, situation effect, Hawthorne effect, and testing effect.
Investigators used randomization to ensure the balance across the treatment groups within
each stratification cell.
3. Refer to the study by Melvin et al. (2012) and answer the following questions.
1. Is the sample adequately described? Why or why not?
Answer: Yes, because the researchers chose only respondents according to the purpose
of their research.
2. What sampling strategy was used?
Answer: Purposive sampling selection
3. What was the sample size and what was the response rate for subjects?
Answer: Sample size is 132, and 63.65 is the response rate.
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the sampling strategy described in
the study?
Answer: Purposive sampling is more convenient, less costly, accessible, and respondents
are chosen only those relevant for the study and on the other hand, the disadvantages is
that the selected respondents are not guaranteed that they are true representative.

4. Critique the Henneman et al. (2010) research article and answer the following questions:
1. Does the Introduction section present pertinent information about the study problem?
Answer: Yes. The introductory section provides background information on the research
problem.
2. What is the significance of the research?
Answer: Teaching students through Human patient simulation for safe care, to provide
better service to the patients as student nurses and using technology to support clinical
decisions. Every student nurse was admiring to be prepared through lynas possible to
provide better care.

3. What is the purpose of the study?

Answer: The purpose of this study tends to identify errors that occurred or were
recovered in a simulated environment by the student nurse. The specific goal or aims of
the study were to describe the types and frequency of errors that occur during HPS
exercises performed by the student nurses and describe the types of errors recovered by
the student nurses during HPS exercises. The long term goal is to use these preliminary
data to inform strategies that maximize the nurses ability to reduce and recover medical
errors.

4. What is the population of the study?

Answer: A total of 50 senior nursing students from a prominent, research-intensive
university in the northeastern United States took part in simulation exercises and granted
their approval.
5. What are the major study variables included?
Answer: Human patient simulation, nursing students,and the errors identified and
recovered.
6. Are you able to determine if primary literature sources have been cited?
Answer: Yes. The researchers relied on original sources such as journals for their
investigation.

7. What are the most recent and oldest references cited?

Answer: The most recent references were found in 2007, while the oldest were found in
1986.

8. What is the framework, is it from nursing or another discipline? Does the framework
seem appropriate for the study?
Answer: It is a rule-based error categories and subcategories that is from a chemical
process industry. Yes, appropriate.
9. What are some of the study limitations identified by the researchers?
Answer: Study limitations like threats to internal and external validity.
10. The design section clearly lists the study as a “retrospective study design.” What
makes this design “retrospective”?
Answer: When the researchers began by recruiting and enrolling volunteers after the
outcomes.
11. Are the target populations and accessible populations identified? Is the sample clearly
identified?
Answer: Yes
12. What type of sampling method was used to select the sample? Does the sample size
seem adequate?

Answer: Yes.