EXPERIMENT NUMBER –2

Student Name:- Akanksha Kumari UID:21BCS7478

Branch: CSE Section/Group:402B
Semester: 2 nd
Dateof Performance:-15-02-2022

1.AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT – To determine the diffraction using laser beam

and find the grating element of diffraction grating.

2.APPARATUS- List of Equipments

Table 1

3.OBSERVATIONS-

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 As per the experiment the observations are as given below :

1 1 -1.3 m 1.3 m 1.3m 10m 0.128 4.15x10-6m

2 2 -2.7m 2.7m 2.7m 10m 0.260 4.09x10-6m

3 3 -4.3m 4.3m 4.3m 10m 0.390 4.09x10-6m

MEAN VALUE OF GRATING ELEMENT = d1+d2+d3\2

( 𝟒.𝟏𝟓+𝟒.𝟎𝟗+𝟒.𝟎𝟗)𝒙𝟏𝟎^−
6
𝟔𝒎 = 4.11x10- m
𝟑

=4.11x10-6m

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 4.CALCULATIONS-

Wavelength of Laser =247nm

Wavelength(λ)=532nm=5.32x10-7m
Distance between diffraction grating and screen=10m
Standard Grating element d(m)=1\N where N is number of lines per mm of
diffraction grating.
If we have diffraction grating of 247 mm per lines then, standard grating
element will be d=1\N d=1\247nm D=4x10-6 m(theoretical)

For OP1

n=1
Distance OP1=1.3m
Distance between Grating and Screen=10m

d1=n λ/ Sinθ= 𝟏𝒙 𝟓.𝟑𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟎^−𝟕𝐦 =4.15x10-6m

𝟎.𝟏𝟐𝟖

For OP2

n=2
Distance OP1=2.7m

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 Distance between Grating and Screen=10m

d2=n λ/ Sinθ= 𝟐𝒙 𝟓.𝟑𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟎^−𝟕𝐦 =4.09x10-6m

𝟎.𝟐𝟔𝟎

For OP3

n=3
Distance OP1=4.3m
Distance between Grating and Screen=10m

d3=n λ/ Sinθ= 𝟏𝒙 𝟓.𝟑𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟎^−𝟕𝐦 =4.09x10-6m

𝟎.𝟑𝟗𝟎

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 5.PERCENTAGE ERROR-:

|𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆−𝑶𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒅𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆|
𝑿𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆

=|
𝒅𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 −𝒅

𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍| x100% 𝟑

=| 𝟒𝐱𝟏𝟎^−𝟔
𝐦−𝟒.𝟏𝟏𝐱𝟏𝟎−𝟔𝐦| 𝑿𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟒𝐱𝟏𝟎^−𝟔 𝐦

= 0%

6.GRAPH (ATTACH IF ANY)-

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 7. SOURCES OF ERROR :

1. The main source of error are the distance between the laser and the wall,
and the size of dots ,There is a further enlargement of dots due to
attenuation as it passes through the air .This experiment would have
been more accurate if executed in vacuum.
2. The dots on the extreme edges are also larger than they needed to be
since the light is spread out and it is hitting the surface (the walls) at an
angle .

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 8.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION-

Through this diffraction grating experiment we found that the grating

element ,d= 4.11X10-6 m

This experiment explained that diffracting grating has large number of

equally spaced slits and when parallel beam of light is incident on diffraction
grating slit each act as source of diffracted waves. Those waves undergoes
interaction with one another and diffracted light shines on distant screen as
which has central maximum bright spot.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
• It will provide the modest experience that allows students to
develop and improve their experimental skills and develop ability to
analyze data.
• Ability to demonstrate the practical skill on measurements and
instrumentation techniques of some Physics experiments. Students
will develop the ability to use appropriate physical concepts to
obtain quantitative solutions to problems in physics.
• Students will demonstrate basic experimental skills by setting up
laboratory equipment safely and efficiently, plan and carry out
experimental procedures, and report verbally and in written
language the results of the experiment.
• Students will develop skills by the practice of setting up and
conducting an experiment with due regards to minimizing
measurement error.

EVALUATION COLUMN (To be filled by concerned faculty only)

Sr. No. Parameters Maximum Marks

Marks Obtained
1. Worksheet completion including writing 10

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141

 learning objectives/Outcomes. (To be
submitted at the end of the day)
2. Post Lab Quiz Result. 5

3. Student Engagement in 5
Simulation/Demonstration/Performance and
Controls/Pre-Lab Questions.
4. Total Marks 20

5. Teacher’s Signature (with date)

Subject Name: Physics for Engineers Subject code: 21SPH-141