Marks for each stem are in brackets (*).

1a. Kidney, multiple variably sized cysts, (3)

b. Polycystic kidney disease (1)

c. Liver, Spleen (1)

2a. Multiple petechial haemorrhages (2.5)

b. Hanging, Strangulation, Drowning, Electrocution. (2.5)

3a. Sickle cells (1)

b. Sickle cell haemoglobinopathy (2)

c. Bone pain, Jaundice, Pallor, Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly (2)

4a. Liver, Mass located within the parenchyma with a haemorrhagic cut surface. (2)

b. Hepatocellular carcinoma (1)

c. Alcoholic liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis (2)

5a. Reed-Sternberg cell (2)

b. Hodgkins Lymphoma (1)

c. Lymphadenopathy, Splenomegaly (2)

6a. Uterus, Multiple variably sized tumour nodules with cut surfaces with a whitish whorled appearance
(2)

b. Uterine Leiomyoma (1)

c. Menorrhagia, Infertility (2)

7a. Cauliflower-like lesion in the anogenital region. (2)

b. Viral wart (1)

c. Multiple sexual partners, smoking, immunocompromise (2)

8a. Liver, Masson trichrome stain: portal-to-portal fibrosis (blue bands) which surround regenerative
nodules.(red) (2)

b. Cirrhosis (1)

c. Alcoholic liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis etc. (2)

9a. Circle of Willis and its branches (1)

b. Multiple berry aneurysms (1)

c. Rupture leading to subarachnoid haemorrhage and cerebral infarction, vasopasms leading to various
neurologic deficits: vision impairment, seizures etc. (3)

10a.Two identical twins fused at the chest and abdomen (1)

b. Conjoint twins (1)

c. Obstructed labour, preterm delivery, foetal distress, maternal mortality, IUFD. (3)

11a. Blood clot embedded in the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery (2)

b. Saddle embolus (1)

c. Genetic (Factor V Leiden), prolonged immobilization, surgery pregnancy cancer etc. (2)

12a. Proliferated vesicles in the uterus with a “bunch of grapes appearance”. (1)

b. Hydatidiform mole (1)

c. Vaginal bleeding in 1st trimester, hyperemesis gravidarum, vaginal passage of grapelike cysts,
abdominal pain (3)

13a. Parasitic Helminths/Worms (1)

b. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, unexplained weight loss. (2)

c. Intestinal obstruction, anaemia. (2)

14a. Two kidneys fused at the lower pole (1)

b. Horseshoe kidney (1)

c. Hydronephrosis, Renal stones, UTI, stones (3)

15a. Lateral view of the cranium showing a radiopaque bullet embedded in the occipital lobe of the
brain. (2)

b. Subdural haemorrhage, epidural haemorrhage, Skull fractures, cerebral contusions, intracerebral

haemorrhage (3)

16a. Massive enlargement of the right lower limb relative to the left lower limb. (2)

b. Elephantiasis (1)

c. Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi (2)

17a. Skin slippage, greenish discolouration of the skin, maggot activity, skeletonisation. (3)

b. Decomposed body (2)

18a. Artery occluded with a ruptured atheromatous plaque overlied by a thrombus. (2)

b. Blood vessel atheroma (1)

c. Ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal infarction etc. (2)

19a. Cerebrum with narrowing of the gyri and widening of the sulci. (2)

b. Cerebral atrophy (1)

c. Dementia, Neurologic deficits (2)

20a. Kidney and ureter, Dilated pelvicalyceal system (2)

b. Hydronephrosis (1)

c. Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction, renal stones, bladder tumours, surgery etc. (2)

21a. Heart with the lumen of both ventricles obstructed by hypertrophied myocardium. (2)

b. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (1)

c. Acute cardiac failure, Congestive cardiac failure, myocardial infarction etc (2)
22a One bile pigment stone and multiple multifaceted pigment stones. (2)

b. Gallstones (1)

c. Caucasian, females, elderly, obesity (2)

23a. Liver, hepatocytes with cytoplasm filled fat vacuoles. (2)

b. Steatosis (fatty change) (1)

c. Alcohol abuse, obesity, malnutrition, drugs, acute fatty liver of pregnancy. (2)

24a. Multiple confluent white patches on the surface of the tongue (2)

b. Oral thrush/candidiasis (1)

c. Impaired salivary gland function, drugs, dentures, smoking, diabetes mellitus, Cushing's syndrome,
malignancies, and immunosuppressive conditions. (2)

25a. Heart, pale/white myocardial tissue (2)

b. Myocardial infarction (1)

c. Cardiac arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, ventricular aneurysm, ventricular rupture, Dressler
syndrome. (2)

26a. Intersecting fascicles of spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells (2)

b. Leiomyoma (1)

c. Menorrhagia, Infertility etc. (2)

27a Oval crater in the mucosa of the duodenum (1)

b. Helicobacter pylori infection, prolonged NSAID use, alcohol abuse, smoking. (2)

c. Haemorrhage, anaemis, perforation, peritonitis, malignant change. (2)

28a. Brain, haemorrhage into the parenchyma of the cerebrum. (2)

b. Intracerebral haemorrhage (1)

c. Hypertension, AV malformations, head trauma, tumours. (2)

29a. Central necrosis, epithelioid cells, Langhans-type multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes. (2)

b. Caseating/ TB granuloma (1)

c. HIV, Malnutrition, Chemotherapy, Malignancy etc (2)

30a. Kidney, Haemorrhagic mass located at one pole. (2)

b. Renal Cell Carcinoma (1)

c. Flank pain, haematuria, weight loss, anaemia. (2)