`

General Mathematics
First Quarter

Module 3c:
Composition of Functions
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII-CENTRAL VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SIQUIJOR

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 11
General Mathematics
First Quarter

Module 3c:
Composition of Functions
 Introduction
This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education
Program to ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge onComposition of

Functions

This includes the following activities/tasks:

■ Expected Learning Outcome — This lays out the learning outcome

that you are expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.
■ Pre-test — This determines your prior learning on the particular
lesson you are about to take.
■ Discussion of the Lesson —This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected
learning outcome.
■ Learning Activities — These provide you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable you to
further enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed tasks.
■ Post-test — This evaluates your overall understanding about the
module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this
material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.

1
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

➢ perform composition of functions

What I Know

Given the following functions:

3 2𝑥 − 1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 1, 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥, ℎ(𝑥 ) = , 𝑗(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 1
2 33
Find the following:

1. ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑗)(𝑥 )
2. ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 )
3. ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 )
4. ( 𝑗 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 )
5. ( 𝑔 ⃘ ℎ)(𝑥 )
6. ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑔)(−2)
7. ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(−3)
2
8. ( 𝑗 ⃘ 𝑗) ( )
9

What`s In

Directions: Read and try to recall each and every item in the
activities. Do them to prepare you for this lesson.
If f(x) = √𝑥 + 3, g(x) = x2 ,and h(x) = 4x2 – 5x, evaluate the following:

1
1. 𝑓 (4)
2. 𝑔 (𝑎 − 𝑏 )
3
3. ℎ (− 4)
4. h(a+b)
𝑟
5. 𝑔 (𝑠 )

2
 What`s New

Do you remember that functions can be built on one

another and form a new function? Given two functions, the output of the
first function can be used as the input of the second function, and vice
versa. In this lesson, we shall learn another operation on functions called
compositions of functions.

Study the following examples and find out more about this topic.

Examples:
If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 2, find:
1. ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 )
2. ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 )
3. ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 )
4. ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 )

Solution:
1. ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥 )) = (3𝑥 + 2)2 − 6 = 9𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 4 − 6
= 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐

2. ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) = 𝑔 (𝑓(𝑥 )) = 3(𝑥 2 − 6) + 2 = 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 2

= 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔

3. ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑔 (𝑔(𝑥 )) = 3(𝑥 + 2) + 2 = 3𝑥 + 6 + 2

= 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖

4. (𝑓 ⃘ 𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑓(𝑥)) = (𝑥 2 − 6)2 − 6 = 𝑥 4 − 12𝑥 2 + 36 − 6

= 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎

What have you observed in the processes of composition of

functions? What previous topic do you think has the same process
with what is shown?

What Is It

There is another way of combining functions aside from adding,

subtracting, multiplying or even dividing. In the previous activity in What’s
In, specifically in letter B, we should use the output in f(x) as the input in

3
g(x). Similarly, to get f(g(x)), we should use the output in g(x) as the input in
f(x).
This operation is calledComposition of Functions. The resulting function is
called the composite function.

The composition of functions f and g is

( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥 )) and

( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) = 𝑔 (𝑓 (𝑥 ))

The notation 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥 )) is read as”f composed with g of x” or “f of g of x”. This

refers to the combining together of two or more functions in a manner where
the output from one function becomes the input for the next function.

( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) ≠ ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ).

In general, ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) may or may not equal to ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ).

Suppose 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 3, 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 1. Find the composition of functions

and the product of the functions.

a. ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) = 𝑔 (𝑓 (𝑥 ))
= 𝑔 (𝑥 + 3) Replace the value of x in g by f(x).
= 2 𝑥 + 3 − 1Replace x in g with x+3, which is the value of f(x)
( )
= 2𝑥 + 6 − 1 Perform the operation.
= 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 Combine similar terms.

b. ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥 ))
= 𝑓 (2𝑥 − 1) Replace the value of x in f with g(x).
= (2𝑥 − 1) + 3 Replace x in f with 2x – 3, which is the value of g(x)
=𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 Combine similar terms.

These show that there are two different functions that can be derived when
we find the composition of 𝑓(𝑥 )and 𝑔(𝑥 ).

Examples:

1. Let 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 5, ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3. Find the following:

a. (𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 )
b. (𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 )
c. (ℎ ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 )
d. (𝑔 ⃘ ℎ)(𝑥 )

Solutions:
a. ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) = 𝑔 (𝑓(𝑥 ))
= g(3x)
=2 (3x) + 5

4
 = 6x + 5
Thus, ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 )= 6x + 5.

b. ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥 ))
= f (2x+ 5)
= 3 (2x+ 5)
= 6x + 15
Thus, ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) =6x + 15.

c. ( ℎ ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) = ℎ (𝑓 (𝑥 ))
= h (3x)
= (3x) – 3
2

= 9x2 – 3
Thus, ( ℎ ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) =9x2 – 3.

d. ( 𝑔 ⃘ ℎ)(𝑥 ) = 𝑔 (ℎ(𝑥 ))
= 2 (x2 – 3) + 5
= 2x2 – 6 + 5
= 2x – 1
2

Thus, ( 𝑔 ⃘ ℎ)(𝑥 ) = 2x2 – 1

For the next few examples, please use the following examples:

f(x) = 2x + 1

q(x) = x2 – 2x + 2

2. Find and simplify ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ).

Solution:

Thus, ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 )= √𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐.

3. Find and simplify ( 𝑞 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ).

Solution:

Thus, ( 𝑞 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) = 4x2 + 1.

5
 4. Find and simplify ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑝)(𝑥 ).

Solution:

5𝑥+1
Thus, ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑝)(𝑥 ) = .
𝑥−1

5. Find and simplify ( 𝐹 ⃘ 𝑝)(5).

Solution:

1=2+1=3

Thus, ( 𝐹 ⃘ 𝑝)(5) = 𝟑.

What`s More

❑ Independent Activity 1

Given𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 5, ℎ(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3. Find the following:

1. (𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(2)
2. (𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(−2)
3. (ℎ ⃘ 𝑓 )(3)
4. (ℎ ⃘ 𝑔)(−1)

❑ Independent Activity 2
𝑥+2
Given the following functions𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 , 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥−1,
and ℎ(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 − 7.
Find the following:
1. ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑓 )(2)
2. ( 𝑔 ⃘ ℎ)(𝑥 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( 𝑔 ⃘ ℎ)(−1)

6
 What I Have Learned

I learned that:
❑ composition of functions refers to the combination of
two or more functions in a manner where the
output from one function becomes the input for the
next function.
❑ the resulting function is called the composite
function.
❑ the composition of functions f and g is

( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥 )) and

( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) = 𝑔 (𝑓 (𝑥 ))
❑ the notation 𝑓 (𝑔(𝑥 )) is read as”f composed with g of
x” or “f of g of x.

What I Can Do

Answer the following real – life problems applying the things that
you have learned in this module.

1. A spherical balloon is being inflated. Let r(t) = 3t cm represent its

4
radius at the time t seconds, and let g(r) = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 be the volume of
the same balloon if its radius is r. Write ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑟)in terms of t, and
describe what it represents.
2. A small stone is thrown into still water and create a circular wave.
The radius r of the water wave increases at the rate of 2 cm per
second.

7
 a. Find an expression for the radius r in terms of time t (in
seconds) after the stone was thrown.
b. If A is the area of the water wave, what is the meaning of the
composition ( 𝐴 ⃘ 𝑟)(𝑡)?
c. Find the area A of the water wave after 60 seconds.

Assessment

Find ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) and ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) for the following pairs of functions.

Determine which of these pairs exhibit ( 𝑓 ⃘ 𝑔)(𝑥 ) = ( 𝑔 ⃘ 𝑓 )(𝑥 ) = 𝑥.

1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 7𝑥 − 1 ; 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 1
1
2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥+1
𝑥+5
3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 − 5 ; 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 4
9+𝑥 9−𝑥
4. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ; 𝑔 (𝑥 ) =
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
5. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 ; 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 2
𝑥+3 4𝑥+3
6. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥−4 ; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥−1
7. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 ; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 2)2
3𝑥 −4𝑥
8. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥+4 ; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥−3

8
References:
Adrao, Eugenio, Raquel Avante, and Elvin Ulpina. Advanced Algebra,
Trigonometry and Statistics. Quezon City: Neo Asia Publishing
Incorporated, 2010.

“Applications of Composition of Functions in Mathematics,”,Free

Mathematics Tutorials, accessed July 22, 2020, https://www.
Analyzemath.com/CompositionFunction/applications_composition.
Html.

“Arithmetic Operations with Functions,”, Google, accessed June 18, 2020,

http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/Developmental
Math/COURSE_TEXT2_RESOURCE/U17_L3_T1_text_final.html.

Barcelona, Alvin, Rene Belecina, and John Llenord Villanueva. Senior High
Conceptual Math & Beyond General Mathematics. Quezon City:
Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc., 2016.

Barcelona, Alvin, Rene Belecina, and John Llenord Villanueva. Senior High
Conceptual Math & Beyond General Mathematics (Teacher’s Guide).
Quezon City: Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc., 2016.

Commission on Higher Education, Teaching Guide for Senior High School:

General Mathematics (Quezon City, Philippines: EC-TECT Commercial,
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“Composition of Functions,”, MathBitsNotebook.com, accessed July 3, 2020,

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Algebra2/Functions/FNComposition.
Html.

“Operations with Functions,” Math is Fun, accessed June 18, 2020,

https://www.mathisfun.com/sets/functions-operations.html.

“Operations on Functions,” Varsity Tutors, accessed June 18, 2020,

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmathhelp/topics/
operations-on-functions.

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https://www.purplemath.com/modules/fcnops.htm.

Oronce, Orlando, Gil Nonato Santos, and Marie Ona. Interactive

Mathematics II: Concepts, Structures, and Methods for High School.
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Rees, Paul, Fred Sparks, and Charles Sparks Rees. College Algebra. Tenth
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