BSED-MATH 2A

Delatorre, Roben
Divino, Charlene Mae
Eugenio, Stephanie Mharie
Faelmoca, Emelyn
Gantes, Angel Mae
I. SUBJECT MATTER
• Topic: Examples of Equal, Product, and Inverse Functions
II. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
1. Differentiate equal, product, and inverse functions.
2. Illustrate and solve examples of equal, product, and inverse functions.
3. Evaluate functions whether they are equal, product, or inverse.
III. PROCEDURE
A. Review
• Define what is an identity function?
• Define what is a constant function?
B. Activity
Form three groups. Each group will be given a function and are tasked to solve and
evaluate what example of function is being used.
(𝑥+2) 1
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥−2). Prove that f(x) = g(x). EQUAL FUNCTION
𝑥 2 −4

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5. Find (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥). PRODUCT FUNCTION

3. Find the inverse function of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4. INVERSE FUNCTION
C. Analysis
(𝑥+2) 1
For problem 1: 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥−2). We have to prove that f(x) = g(x).
𝑥 2 −4
𝑥+2
First, let us consider the given function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −22, and here we can observe that

this is in the form of the formula 𝑎2 −𝑏 2 which is equal to (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏). By

comparing, we get the value of a = x, and b = 2.
(𝑥+2)
Now let us try, 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2), we can cancel (𝑥 + 2) in the numerator and
1 1
denominator and we get, 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥−2) and we have 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥−2). By this we can

conclude that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥).

 For problem 2: 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5. Find (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥).
Well, (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) is defined as f(x)g(x). We just have to multiply them together and
we will have our answer. 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) = (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥)(2𝑥 + 5). Notice that we will use
the distributive property: 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) = 6𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 2 − 20𝑥. After applying the
distributive property, we must combine like terms. Thus, (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 −
20𝑥.

For problem 3: Find the inverse function of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4.

So, first we have to replace f(x) with y: 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 4. Second, we have to interchange
variable x and y: 𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 4. Solve for y using appropriate properties of equality.
Let’s try. To solve for y, we have to transpose 4 to the other side: 𝑥 − 4 = 3𝑦. Then
𝑥−4
divide both sides by 3, we have: 𝑦 = . For the final step, replace the new y with
3
𝑥−4 𝑥−4
𝑓 −1 (𝑥). So, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = . The inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4 is 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = .
3 3

D. Abstraction
1. Equal Function
Two functions f and g are said to be equal if and only if:
(i) domain of f = domain of g,
(ii) co-domain of f = codomain of g, and
(iii) f(x) = g(x) for every x belonging to their common domain.
If two functions f and g are equal, then we write f = g.
EXAMPLE: Let A = {1, 2}, B = {3, 6} and f: A → B given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2 and
g: A → B given by 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥. Then, we observe that f and g have the same
domain co-domain.
Also, we have, f (1) = 3 = g (1) and f (2) = 6 = g (2) Hence, f = g.

𝑥 2 −4
EXAMPLE: Let f: R – {2} → R be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = and g: R → R be
𝑥−2

defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2. Find whether f = g or not.

Solution: Clearly, f(x) = g(x) for all x ∈ R – {2}. But f(x) and g(x) have different
domains. In fact, domain of f = R – {2} and domain of g = R. Therefore, f ≠ g.
2. Product Function

The result of multiplication, or an expression that identifies objects (numbers or

variables) to be multiplied, called factors.

For example, 30 is the product of 6 and 5 (the result of multiplication), and (2+x)
is the product of x and (2+x) (indicating that the two factors should be multiplied
together).

The product of two numbers or the multiplication between two numbers can
be defined for common special cases: integers, natural numbers, fractions, real
numbers, complex numbers, and quaternions.

EXAMPLE: Find the product (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) for the following two functions:

𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2

𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 5

The product of two functions,(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) is simply the product of the two individual
functions: 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥). Therefore, we can write the product as:

(𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = (3𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 2 + 5)

Using the distributive property, we can simplify this expression by multiplying

the first term in the first function by every term in the second function and then
adding the result to the product of the second term in the first function with every
term in the second function:

(3𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 2 + 5) = 3𝑥(2𝑥 2 + 5) + (−2) (2𝑥 2 + 5)

Distributing the 3x and -2 into the parenthetical expressions, we get:

(3𝑥 × 2𝑥 2 ) + (3𝑥 × 5) + (−2 × 2𝑥 2 ) + (−2 × 5)

Performing the multiplication inside each set of parentheses gives us:

6𝑥 3 + 15𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 − 10

There are no like terms (that is, each term has a unique exponent), so we will
simply order the new function from the highest exponent to the lowest:
 (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 6𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 10

3. Inverse Function

A function that returns the original value for which a function has given the
output. If f(x) is a function which gives output y, then the inverse function of y,
i.e., F^-1(y) will return the value x.

Example 1: Find the inverse of the function f(x) = ln (x – 2)

Solution: First, replace f(x) with y

So, 𝑦 = ln (𝑥 − 2)

Replace the equation in exponential way, 𝑥 − 2 = 𝑒 𝑦

Now, solving for x, 𝑥 = 2 + 𝑒 𝑦

Now, replace x with y and thus, 𝑓 − 1(𝑥) = 𝑦 = 2 + 𝑒 𝑦

Example 2: Solve: f(x) = 2x + 3, at x = 4

Solution: We have, 𝑓(4) = 2 × 4 + 3

𝑓(4) = 11

Now, let’s apply for reverse on 11.

(11 − 3)
𝑓 −1 (11) =
2

𝑓 −1 (11) = 4

Magically we get 4 again.

Therefore, 𝑓 −1 (𝑓(4)) = 4

So, when we apply function f and its reverse 𝑓 −1 gives the original value back
again, i.e., 𝑓 −1 (𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥.

(3𝑥+2)
Example 3: Find the inverse for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = .
(𝑥−1)
 (3𝑥+2)
Solution: First, replace f(x) with y and the function becomes, 𝑦 = .
(𝑥−1)

(3𝑦+2)
By replacing x with y, we get, 𝑥 = (𝑦−1)

Now, solve y in terms of x: 𝑥(𝑦 − 1) = 3𝑦 + 2

𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 2

𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 = 2 + 𝑥

𝑦(𝑥 − 3) = 2 + 𝑥

(2+𝑥)
𝑦 = (𝑥−3)

(𝑥+2)
So, 𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = (𝑥−3).

E. Application
Answer the following.
1. Are these functions equal?
𝑓: 𝑍3 → 𝑍3 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑚𝑜𝑑 3
𝑔: 𝑍3 → 𝑍3 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2) 𝑚𝑜𝑑 3
2. How are we going to find the product of two functions?
3. TRUE OR FALSE. Quadratic functions do not have inverse functions." If the
statement is false, justify your answer. If the statement is true, explain your answer
and describe how you could make a quadratic function have an inverse function.

IV. PROBLEM SET

Solve and evaluate the use of functions in each item.

1. Consider the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 . Find the equal function of f.

(𝑥+2) 1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 −4) and 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥−2). Solve that f(x) = g(x).

(𝑥 2 −1)
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)and 𝑔(𝑥) = . Prove that f(x) = g(x).
(𝑥−1)
(4𝑥+3)
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥+5)
 5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3
6. ℎ(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)3
7. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5
(𝑥+4)
8. 𝑔(𝑥) = (2𝑥−5)

9. 𝑓(𝑎) = 2𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑎) = 3𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 1. Find (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥).

10. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑥 + 1. Find (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥).
11. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2. Find (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥).
12. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5. Find (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥).
13. 𝑓(𝑎) = 2𝑎 + 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑎) = 2𝑎 − 1. Find (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥).

V. REFERENCES:

• A. (2021, July 26). Inverse Function (Definition and Examples). BYJUS.

https://byjus.com/maths/inverse-functions/?fbclid=IwAR1MiV4fPz2WsV-
Salc9nM7fNnFf6psNGU_2GIEtn2Ckzpr8ID_Di8hgPg4
• CK-12 Foundation. (n.d.). CK-12 Foundation.

https://www.ck12.org/user:bs10zwftqgljc3ouy2g./book/integrated-mathematics-v-

myp5/section/3.6/

• Finding the Product of 2 Functions. (n.d.). study.com.

https://study.com/skill/learn/finding-the-product-of-2-functions-
explanation.html?fbclid=IwAR10UMQ_Pn6DPDjA-1mgr2ul4c9UyOcnIpZ4W46i-
vVzK0rka-olrcX9D6U
• M. (2022, January 25). Equal Function in Maths – Definition and Examples.
Mathemerize. https://mathemerize.com/equal-function-in-maths-definition-and-
examples/?fbclid=IwAR0O_EO87uPDqiM__oYrW37wNNO4oJ4SJDVCUfbLhe87Nq
HT-MgTjg08U9c