I.

Subject Matter
Topic: Examples of Functions (Equal, Product, Inverse)
Materials:
II. Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, students are expected to:
 (Cognitive)
 (Affective)
 (Psychomotor)
III. Motivation

IV. Analysis

V. Abstraction
Equal function is one in which both Domain and Range will be the same.
Let A and B be two sets. Now by function we mean a rule such that for ∀a ∈ A there
exists a unique b ∈ B such that, f ( a )=b . So, the set A is called the Domain of f while the
set B is called the Range of f . Now, let f : A → B and g be another function such that
g : A → B . So the functions f and g will be equal functions if and only if their Domain and
Range are the same.
That is, we can say that, if for the function f : A → B and g : A → B , ∀a ∈ A there exists
b ∈ B , such that f ( a )=g( a) then the two functions f and g are equal functions.

For example,
1 x x
Let us take two functions f ( x )= and g ( x )= 2 . Now the function g ( x )= 2 , can be
x x x
1
simplified and reduced to g ( x )= . Now the domain of f (x) will be all real numbers
x
except 0 and the domain of the reciprocal function g( x ) will also be all real numbers
except 0.
Therefore, the domain of both functions is the same.
Similarly, since both the functions will take all values across the Real numbers, so their
Range will also be the same. Such that f ( x )=g ( x).
Thus, both the functions f ( x) and g( x ) will be equal functions.
Inverse Function. If the coordinates of each member of a function f (considered as a set
of ordered pairs) are interchanged, the result is a function g which may not be a
function. Indeed, g is a function iff ( y , x ) are ( y , z) in g imply that x=z . In terms of f this
means if (x , y ) and ( z , y ) are in f , then x=z , that is, f is one-to-one. If f is one-to-one,
the function resulting from f by interchanging the coordinates of members of f is called
the inverse function of f , symbolized

f −1.
This operation, which is defined only for one-to-one functions, is called (functional)
inversion. If f −1 exists, then its domain is the range of f , its range is the domain of f ,
and x=f −1 ( y ) iff y=f ( x ). Further, f −1 is one-to-one and its inverse, (f −1)−1, is equal to f .
If f is a one-to-one function on X onto Y , then f −1 is a one-to-one function on Y onto X .
Moreover,
−1 −1
f ∘ f =i X ,∧f ∘ f =i Y .

There is another important connection between composition and inversion of functions.

If f and g are both one-to-one functions, then g ∘ f is one-to-one, and

(g ∘ f )−1=f −1 ∘ g−1.
Example:
The function f : R → R such that f ( x )=2 x +1 is one-to-one. The inverse of f may be
written { ( 2 x+1 , x )| x ∈ R }. This is not very satisfying to one who prefers to have a function
defined in terms of its domain and its value at each member of the domain. To satisfy
this preference, we note that

{ ( 2 x+1 , x )| x ∈ R }={¿.
−1 1
Thus f −1 is the function on R into R such that f ( x )= ( x−1).
2
+ ¿¿

The function g : R+¿→ R ¿ such that g ( x )=x 2 is one-to-one, since x 21=x 22, and both x 1=x 2
positive imply that x 1=x 2. Then
+ ¿¿
−1
g :R
+¿→ R ¿
where g−1 ( x )=x 1/ 2.

VI. Application

VII. Problem Set

VIII. Assignment
References
Stoll, R. (1961). Set Theory and Logic. Dover Publications, Inc. New York
Vedantu (2013). Define Equal Function. Retrieved from
https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/define-equal-function-class-12-maths-cbse-
5f5af4668f2fe24918abb2a1