Concepts of

Function
Group 5
 Table of Content
I. Relation of functions
II. Classification of function
III. Graph of a Function
IV. Functional Notation
V. Operating on Function
Topics
RELATION
- A set of ordered pairs represented by
(x,y)

ORDERED PAIR
– Represented by two elements
enclosed in a quantity such as (x,y)
FUNCTION
A relation in which no two distinct ordered pairs
have the same first statement. A function is a relation
between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs.
Functions have the property that each input is related to
exactly one output.

For example
In the function f(x)=x2 f ( x ) = x 2 any input for x will
give one output only.
Domain of a function f(x)
It is the set of all values for
which the function is defined, it is the
set of all first coordinates of the
ordered pairs in a relation and the
range of the function is the set of all
values that f takes,it is the set of all
second coordinates of the ordered
pairs in a relation.
 Example
Consider the function shown in the diagram.
 ● Here, the domain is the set {A,B,C,E} D is not in the
domain
● Since the function is not defined for D The range is the
set {1,3,4} 2 is not in the rang
● Since there is no letter in the domain that gets mapped
to 2

● A relation is not a function when one of the following

conditions is satisfied:
I. Y has an even exponent
ii. Y is absent from the equation
iii. Y is enclosed in an absolute value sign
iv. The statement is an equally
 u nc tion
F
A Function
can also be determined given the statement of
relation. There are also some practical examples of
functions which are stated as a Rule.

RULE in a specific condition.

i. The rule which assigns a student to his ID number
ii. The rule which assigns a child to his mother
iii. The rule which assigns a person to his birthday
 Classification of Function:
The Function can be classified into:

i. Onto or Surjection
A Function f from a set X to a set Y if for every element Y in
the codomain Y of f, there is at least one element x in the domain X of f
such that f(x)=y

ii. One to one or Injunction

A function that maps distinct elements of its domain to
distinct elements of its codomain.

iii. One to one and Onto or Bijection

a function where each element of one set is paired with
exactly one element of the other set
EXAMPLES
Kinds of Mapping/Correspondence:
1.One to one –Onto
2.One to one -Not onto
3.Not one to one-Onto
4. Not one to one-Not onto
5. Not a Function
 Graph of a Function:

Using a vertical line drawn in any

part of the graph of the relation. A
function intersects the vertical line at
exactly one point. Take note that a
graph represents a Function if no
vertical line intersects the graph at
more than one point.
Graph of a Function
 Functional Notation

The functional notation y = f(x) was contributed

by Swiss Mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707-
1783)
 Functional Notation

The symbol f(x) is read as “the

value of f at x” of “the value of f of x” ,
where f is the name of the function and
f(x) is the value of the function. To
write an equation in function notation,
replace the y variable with f(x).
Functional Notation
 Functional Notation
Evaluating Functions
This is the process of determining the value of
the function at the number assigned to a given variable.

Example:
f(x)=x2−9, the function can be evaluated for
f(3) or f (−1) or f (any number) by simply substituting
the value of the number to the variable in the given
function. The value of f(x)=x2−9 when f (3) is 0 and f
(−1) produces −8.
EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE
 150,0
Operations on Functions

If f and g are functions, then:

• (f + g) = f(x) +g(x)
•(f−g)=f(x)−g(x)
•(f∙g)=f(x)∙g(x)
•(f/g)(x)=f(x)/g(x) where(x)≠0
 EXAMPLE

Let f(x) and g(x) be two functions

ADDITION
We can add Two Functions as: (f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x)

Example:
f(x)=2x2-3x+4 and g(x)=x+3
(f+g)(x)=(2x2-3x+4)+(x+3)
=2x2-2x=7
 EXAMPLE

Let f(x) and g(x) be two functions

SUBSTRACTION
We can subtract Two Functions as: (f-g)(x)=f(x)-g(x)

Example:
f(x)=2x2-3x+4 and g(x)=x+3
(f-g)(x)=(2x2-3x+4)-(x+3)
=2x2-4x+1
 EXAMPLE

Let f(x) and g(x) be two functions

MULTIPLICATION

We can Multiply Two Functions as: (f.g)(x)=f(x).g(x)

Example:
f(x)=2x2-3x+4 and g(x)=x+3
(f.g)(x)=(2x2-3x+4).(x+3)
=2x3 +3x2 -5x+12
 EXAMPLE

Let f(x) and g(x) be two functions

DIVISION

We can divide Two Functions as: (f/g)(x)=f(x)/g(x)

Example:
f(x)=2x -3x+4 and g(x)=x+3
2

=(2x2-3x+4)/ (x+3)
=2x2-3x+4)/ (x+3)
 Composite Function

A composite function is generally a

function that is written inside another function.
Composition of a function is done by substituting
one function into another function.

Example, f [g (x)] is the composite function of f (x)

and g (x). The composite function f [g (x)] is read
as “f of g of x”.
 EXAMPLE

Given: f(x)=3x+2 and g(x)=x+5

Given: f(x)=3x+2 and g(x)=x+5
 EXAMPLE

Given: f(x)=x2 +6 and g(x)=2x-1

Given: f(x)=x2 +6 and g(x)=2x-1
 In conclusion, the relation is a set of ordered
pair. The ordered pair is represented by two
elements enclosed in a quantity, it is the X and Y.
While the function is a relation in which no two
distinct ordered pairs that have the same first
statement.
Under function, there is the domain which is
the set of all first coordinates of the ordered pairs.
And the range of the function is the set of all values
that take. Furthermore it is the set of all second
coordinates of the ordered pairs in a relation.
 The function can be classified into 3 objects it is the
Onto or Surjection, One to one or Injunction, and the One to one
and Onto or in other words Bijection.
Moreover There are 5 Kinds of
Mapping/Correspondence in the function it is One to one –Onto,
One to one -Not onto, Not one to one-Onto, Not one to one-Not
onto, and last the Not a Function. Swiss Mathematician
Leonhard Euler is the one who contributed the functional
notation.
In Functional Notation there is evaluating function is
the process of determining the value of the function at the
number assigned to a given variable. Lastly, Under the operating
function, there are composite functions it is generally a function
that is written inside another function. The composition of a
function is done by substituting one function with another
function.
REMEMBER!

“All function is a
relation but not all
relations are
functions”
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!