FUNCTIONS

RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
A function is relation
A relation is a rule
where each element
that relates values
in the domain is
from a set of values
related to only one
(domain) to a second
value in the range by
set of values (range)
some rule.
 RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
The elements of the The elements of the
domain can be domain can be
imagined as input to imagined as input to
a machine that a machine that
applies a rule to applies a rule so that
these inputs to each input
generate one or corresponds to only
more outputs. one output.
 RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
A relation is also a A function is a set
set of ordered of ordered pairs
pairs (x, y). (x, y) such that no
two ordered pairs
have the same x –
value but different
y – values.
A function, denoted by f, is a
special type of relation wherein
no two ordered pairs have the
same first element.
Exercises:
Identify if the following is a
FUNCTION or NOT.
1.)

FUNCTION, since no same element in A is

paired in B.
2.) F = {(1, 1), (2, 5), (4, 1), (1, 3)}

NOT A FUNCTION, since the two ordered

pairs (1, 1) and (1, 3) have the same first
element.
 3.)
Name of Ages (y) (x,y)
students (x)
Maria 23 (Maria, 23)

Jose 28 (Jose, 28)

Manuel 16 (Manuel, 16)

FUNCTION, since the correspondence is

one – to – one.
Functions as a graph in the Cartesian Plane.
Which of the following graphs can be graphs of
functions?
Vertical Line Test
A graph represents a function if and
only if each vertical line intersects the
graph at most once.
Functions as a graph in the Cartesian Plane.
Which of the following graphs can be graphs of
functions?

Graphs a, b, and c
are functions.
EVALUATING
FUNCTIONS
The symbol f(x) is read as “the value of f
at x” or “f at x”, f(x) is called function
notation or f – notation.

For functions, f(x) and y mean the same

thing. To get the value of f(x) or y, we
simply plug the given value of x and solve
for f(x) or y.
Example 1

Let f(x) = x2 + 3x + 2,
g(x) = 3x – 7, evaluate the following:

a. f(-2)
b. g(7)
c. f(3) – g(-2)
d. f(x+2)
e. x, if g(x) = 11
SOLUTION:
a. f(x) = x2 + 3x + 2
f(-2) = (-2)2 + 3(-2) - 2
= 4 +(– 6 )- 2
=0
b. g(x) = 3x - 7
g(7) = 3(7) - 7
= 21 - 7
= 14
c. f(x) – g(x) = (x2 + 3x + 2) – (3x-7)
f(3) – g(-2) = [(3)2 + 3(3) +2] – [3(-2)-7]
= (9 + 9 + 2) – (-6-7)
= (20) –(-13)
= 33

d. f(x) = x2 + 3x + 2
f(x+2) = (x+2)2 + 3(x+2) + 2
= (x2 + 4x + 4)+3 x + 6 + 2
= x2 +7x + 12
e. x, if g(x) = 11
g(x) = 3x - 7
11 = 3x - 7
11+ 7 = 3x
18 = 3x
6 = x or x = 6
Piecewise functions are functions that
are split into pieces, such as

f(x) =

This function is divided into 3 parts. The

part of the function to be used depends
on the given value of x.
 If, f(x) =
Example 2.

Find f(5).

SOLUTION:
Select the part of the function that is to be used given
the value of x.
f(5) = - 2x + 1 The first part is
used since x >2.
= -2(5) + 1 Substitute 5 into
= -9 the rule then
simplify.
 If, f(x) =
Example 2.

Find f(-3)

f(-3) = 5x - 1
The third part is
= 5(-3) - 1 used since x <1.
Substitute -3 into
=-16
the rule then
simplify.
 If, f(x) =
Example 2.

Find f(1).

f(1) = x2 - 2 The second part is

used since x = 1.
= (1)2 - 2 Substitute 5 into
= -1 the rule then
simplify.