General mathematics VII

I. FUNCTIONS
Functions
- is a special type of relation where each input only has one output.
- are a way of connecting input values to their corresponding output values.
- the relation is a function if, for every x – value, there is exactly one y – value.
- A function can also be expressed as a correspondence or mapping of two nonempty sets.

TIP:
- it is considered as a function if your input(x) is paired with only one output(y).
- it is considered as a function if your output(y) is paired with more than one input (x).
- it is not considered as a function if your input(x) has more than one output (y).

What makes relation a function?

 “Special Relation”
 Every x – value must be associated with ONLY ONE y – value.
Relations
- is a set of ordered pairs that represent a relationship.
- is a rule that related values from a set of values (domain) to a second set of values (range).

Sets
- A function is a relation defined as a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where no two or more distinct ordered pairs have the
same first element (x); that is, every value of x corresponds to a unique value of y. A function can be named using any
letter of the English alphabet.
- collection of well-defined and distinct objects, called
elements that share a common characteristic.

- 1 and 2 are functions since no two ordered pairs have

the same values of x.

- Example 3 is NOT a function as it does not indicate a

set { }. It is simply a listing of ordered pairs.

- Example 4 is NOT a function because there are

ordered pairs having the same first element x.
Table of Values
- A table of values is commonly observed when describing a function. This shows
the correspondence between a set of values of x and a set of values of y in tabular
form.

No two ordered pairs have the same

values of x, thus, are functions.

Vertical Line Test

- Use the vertical line test to check whether a graph of a relation is a function.
- If a vertical line,
drawn anywhere on
the graph, can
touch the graph
only once, then it is
a function.
- If a vertical line,
drawn anywhere on
the graph, can
touch the graph more than once, then the relation is not a function.

FUNCTION NOT A FUNCTION

Graphing a Function using the Tale of Values

Graphing a function using the table of values.

II. EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS

Evaluating Function
Evaluating function is the process of determining the value of the function at the number assigned to a given
variable.
a. Replace each letter in the expression with the assigned value.
b. Perform the operations in the expression using the correct order of operations.
Function

“ f ( x )=¿…” – “f of x”

How to evaluate Functions?

III. Piecewise Function

Piecewise Function
- A piecewise function is a function that is defined by two or more equations where each equation applies to a
specific interval over a specified domain.

{
f ( x )= 4 ,if x >6
−7 , if x <6
a. f ( x )={4 x +5 , if x< 2
3 x−8 , if x ≥ 2

find f (−2) find f ( 2 )

Given the piecewise-define function
𝒇(−𝟐)=𝟒𝒙+𝟓 f ( 2 )=3 x−8
f ( x )=
{−x3 x +2+3,if, ifxx<≥ 00
2
=𝟒(−𝟐)+𝟓
=−𝟖+𝟓
= 3 ( 2 )−8
¿ 6−8
Find f (0) and f (−3 ) 𝒇(−𝟐)=−𝟑 f ( 2 )=−2

Since x=0 , we use f ( x )=3 x +2

f ( 0 )=3 ( 0 ) +2=2 find f (−4 ) find f ( 3 ) find f ( 2 )
f ( 3 )=x + 4 f ( 2 )=12
2 3
Since x=−3 , we use f ( x )=−x2 +3 f (−4 ) x +3 x −7
2
2
f (−3 )=−(−3 ) +3=−9+3=−6 ¿ (−4 ) +3 (−4 )−7 ¿( 3)3 + 4 f ( 2 )=12=16−12−7
¿ 27+ 4 f (−4 )=−3 f ( 3 )=31
 {
x 2 +3 x−7 , if x←1
b. f ( x )= x3 + 4 , if x >2
12 , when x=2