fcfíTI

TOEFL ITP
Practice Test

-LISTENING COMPREHENSION

-STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

-READING COMPREHENSION
I
I I
 Taking
ITP rests are composed of multiple-cfioice questions, each with the possible
four Practice Tests
answers.
There are three sections, each measuring a criiical skill in the use of English.
Taking the ITP Practice Tests in this kit will give you a good ¡dea of what the
is like in terms of the types of questions you will be asked, and th
Section 1 - ListeningComprehension have. You wil! learn, for example, that the time allotted for a test
for reading the directions as well as answering the questions.
The Listening section contains recorded material that includes the vocabulary and
idiomatic expressions typical of spoken English, as well as grammatical
The test isconstructions
divided into three sections. Each section or part of a s
used in speech. The section tests comprehension of both short and long conversations
of special directions that includes sample questions and answers. It
andtalks. these directions so you will understand exactly what you are to do
work on the section or part.

Section 2 - Structure and Written Expression ^ Some questions may be harder than others, but try to answer every o
sure of the correct answer to a question, make the best guess you ca
Section 2 consists of sentences that test knowiedge of structural and grammatical
the next question. It is to your advantage to answer every question,
elements of standard written English. These sentences include a variety of topics and
guess
give no advantage to students in specific ñelds of study. When topics have a national
context. they may refer to United States or Canadian history, culture, art or
As you are llterature,
taking the practice tesi, work rapidly but carefully. Do no
However, knowiedge of these contexts is not needed to answer questions concerning
time on any single question. Do not use note paper, and do not write or
the structural or grammatical points. in the test section of your book.

Each section of the test has a time limit. The recorded instructions
Sertion 3 - Reading Comprehension to start Section 1 and when to stop. You will need to use a watch or
Sections
The Reading section contains reading passages and questions about 2 and 3. If you finish a section early, do not go on to the next sec
the passages.
the allotted time has ended.
The questions test comprehension of the Information that is stated or impljed During the time that remains, check your work on that
in the
section oniy, if
passage. Knowiedge of some specific words is also tested, Because many Engüsh words you do not follow this rule when you take the actu

have more than one meaning, it is important to remember that considered cheating
these questions willand your scores will be canceled.
test
comprehension of the meaning of a w o í d or phrase within the context of the passage.
Here are more guidelines for using the Practice Tests:

ü Plan to spend approximately two hours without interruption to take each

Practice Test

tu Choose a quiet room in which to work

iw Have a watch or dock so you can use the correct amount of time for
(25 minutes) and Section 3 (55 minutes)

Have two sharpened #2 black lead penciis and an eraser

u Test your CD player before you start to be sure it works properly

u Remove any study materials from your work área

General Study Tips
Listening Tips
Reading Tips Watching movies and televisión and listening to the radio provide
opportunities
As an English-language learner, you can improve your reading skills to build your listening skills. Audiotapes and CDs o
by reading
presentationsareequally valuable and helpful.The Internet is also
regularly, especially textbooks or other materials that cover a variety of subject áreas
listening
(for example, sciences, social sciences, aris, business) and are written material (for example, www.npr.org or www.bbc.co.uk/rad
in an academic
co.uk/worldservice/learningenQlish).
styie. A wide variety of academic texts are avalladle on the Internet as well as in
magazines and journals.
Listening for basic comprehension -
Reading to find information -
ss Increase vocabulary
X Sean passages to find and highiight key facts and information such as dates,
Mi! Focus on the c o n t e n í and flow of spoken material. Don't be dis
numbers, or terms
• speaker's style and delivery
« Practice frequently to increase reading rate and fluency
B Anticípate what a person is going to say as a way to stay focuse

Reading for basic comprehension - BE Stay active by asking yourself questions (for example, What mai
professor communicating?)
Increase vocabulary; flashcards can help
K On sections of a piece of paper, write "Main !dea,""Major Points
• Practice skimming a passage quickiy to get a general impression of the main idea,
Details." Listen carefully, and write these down whÜe listening.
instead of carefully reading each word and each sentence
untll all important points and details are written down, and th
• Develop the ability to skim quickiy and identify major points
b¡ Listen to a portion of a lecture or talk, and créate an outline
M After skimming a passage, read it again more carefully and write down
Use the the main
outline to write a brief summary. Gradually increase the
idea, major points and important facts presenlation you use to write the summary

M Choose some unfamiliar words in the passage and guess the meaning from the
Listening for
context {surrounding sentences); then, look them up to determine pragmatic
their understanding -
meaning

« Think
Underline a¡l pronouns (he, him, they, them, etc.) and ¡dentiíy about
the what
nouns each speaker hopes to accomplish: What is the pu
to which
they refer in the passage the speech or conversation? Is the speaker apologizing, complain
suggestions?
* Practice making Inferences and drawing conclusions based on what is Implied in
• the passage as a whole t« íMotice each speaker's style. Is the language formal or casual? I
calm or emotional? What does the speaker's tone of volee tell yo

Notice the speaker's degree of certainty. How sure is the speaker

Information? Does the speaker's tone of voice indícate something
degree o í certainty?

tí Watch a recorded TV or movie comedy. Pay careful attention to t

i n t o n a t í o n patterns are used to convey meaning

6
Listeniíiíj to connect information - Use Proven Test-TakingStraíegies ,

:B Think about how the lecture is organized. Listen for signa!u words that follow
Carefully indícatedirections
the in each section of the test to avoid
introduction, nnajor steps or ideas, exannples, and the c o n c l u s i ó n or summary
fl Dort't panic. Concéntrate exclusively on the current question o
« Identify the relationships between ideas. Possible relationships how you include cause/effect,
answered other questions. This is a habit that can be lear
compare/contrast, and steps ¡n a process practice.

Listen for words that show connections and relationships between ideas
« Avoid spending too much time on any single question. If you have
Lisien to recorded material and stop the recording at variousquestion
points. some thought
Predict what and you still don't know the answer, elimí
information or idea will be expressed next cholees as possible and then select the best choice.

M Pace
Créate an outline of the information discussed while listening yourself
or after so you have enough time to answer every question. B
listening
time limit for each section and budget enough time for each ques
have to rush at the end.
Stmcture and Written Éxpressiors Tips

Use the language every day -

M Set aside some time each day to communicate only in English

A Listen, read and write in English every chance you get

8 o
 In rhjs section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demóns
understand conversations and taIks in English. There are three part
special instructions for each part, Ansv-zer al! the questions on th
or implied by the speakers. When you take an actual ITP test, you wl
take notes or write in your testbook.Try to work on this Practice T

Section!, Part A
Directions; in Part A, you will hear short conversations between two p
conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The
questions will not be repeated, After you hear a question, read the
in this bookiet and choose the best answer, Then, on your answer sh
of the question and ñll in the space that corresponds to the letter
havechosen.

Here isan example;

On the recording, you hear: Sample Answer

«> ® © CD)

In your bookiet, you read: (A) He doesn't (ike the painting either
(B) He doesn't know how to paint.
(C) He doesn't have any paintings.
(D) He doesn't know what todo,

You iearn from the conversation that neither the man ñor the woman
The best answer to the question "What does the man mean?"is (A), "He
painting either." Therefore, the correct choice is (A).

15
'i. 5.
(A) There are many different (A) Watching a movie. 9. (A) There is no orange juice in The man may use the
13. (A)
airline fares available. (B) Taiking on the phone, the machine, telephone soon.
(B) Travel agents are ali the (C) Picking up her friends, (B) He doesn't like orange (B) The man should hurry.
same, (D) Eating dinner, juice. (C) She'll cali George for the
(C) Itmatters where tickets are (C) He prefers milk to orange man.
6. (A) Notify the post office ofhis juice,
issued. (D) She's waiting for a cali.
new address, (D) The machine is broken,
(D) Itmakesnodifference
(B) Check to see if the mail has 14. (A) She'sdifficultto understand
where the tickets are
arrived, •|ü. (A) The man shouldn't take the
(B) She gives longer
purchased.
(C) Send the letter by special new job. assignmentsihan
(A) They should be picked delivery. (B) She'ssorrythemanisn't Professor Brown.
before they're ripe. (D) Answer the letters after he being prometed. (C) Her lectures are interesting.
(B) They should have been moves. (C) Itisn'teasytokeepsecreis (D) Her class meets more often
picked already. at work. than Professor Brown's,
7. (A) He doesn't like his new (D) She won't tell anyone
(C) They'll get picked when
glasses, about the man's 15. (A) Theexam had more
they turn a certain color,
(B) His regular glasses are promotion. sections than she
(D) They won't be picked untti
being repaired, expected,
nextyear
(C) H e t h i n k s h i s e y e s í g h t i s "(I. (A) He has made other plans(B) She was surprised that the
B. (A) Atwo-bedroomapartment improving, for lunch. examwas so difficult.
may be too expensive. (B)
(D) He's decided to go without He has already eaten his (C) Part of the exam was easier
(B) The woman should not glasses. lunch. than she expected.
move ofTcampus. (C) He'd like toask Bill tojoin
(D) She didn't have time to
8. (A) Talk to Dr. Boyd about an them.
(C) The woman should pay study for the exam.
assignment, (D) He's meeting Bill in the
the rent by check,
(B) Return their books to the cafetería tomorrow. 16. (A) He'sonlyfinished halfofhis
(D) The university hasalist of
iibrary. lunch.
rental properties,
(C) Meet Dr. Boyd at the 12. (A) Compiaining about the (B) He's going to eat soon,
•í. (A) The man often flatters Iibrary. man's behavior. (C) He'll c o n t i n u é to work until
Judy. (D) Make an appointment with (B) Repeating an insensitive he finishes.
{8} Judy is thinking about their teacher on Friday. remark. (D) He'll start workinghalfan
getting her haircut. (C) Denying her i n v o í v e m e n t hour from now.

(C) She hasn't seen Judy's new in an argument.

haircut, (D) Accepting the man's

(D) She agrees with the man apology.

about Judy's appearance.

17. (A) The bank was closed when J1. (A) He'll see the woman at (A) | doesn't have time to28. (A) The supervisor hasn't
the She
dentist's office, • buygroceries now, explalned what he needs
she got there,
(B) The store will probabiygo todo.
(B) The bank stayedopenlater (B) He'll miss seeing the j
woman at work. j outof business soon. (B) His work is viewed
than usual,
(C) He'll try to make (C)
\ She hopes the store hasn't favorably,
{O She was able todo her
arrangements for the already closed. (C) He's impressed by his
banking.
(D) She didn't have enough woman. (D) The store on the córner has supervisor

(D) He'iischedule a different inconvenient hours. (D) HIS back problems have
time t o g o t o the bank,
dental appointment. | affected his work recently.
18. (A) The man has to sign his 26. (A) The man's house has no
(A) The woman should avoid electricity. 29. (A) The slide projector has
ñame.
getting cold, (B) TheTV'splugmightbe been repaired.
(B) The woman will give the
man an information kit, (B) It'seasyto get sickin cold broken. (B) The room is ready for the
weather (C) The man can't afford to fix meeting.
(C) The woman can't find the
(C) The woman should get the TV. (C) He'll take careof the sllde
list.
more rest. (0) TheTVmight not need to projector after lunch,
(D) The man has already paid
(D) Dressing warmiycan be fixed. (D) Everyone is waiting for the
toattend theconference.
prevent illness. meeting to begin.
(A) Get a new computer for the
19. (A) She doesn't know the way.
23. (A) The man won't be ready woman. 30. (A) Weara bluejacket.
(B) The café isnear the
for tonight's class. (B) AskGaryto move the (B) Dresswarmiy.
information desk,
(B) The man will not be able to woman's furniture. (C) Wear something cool,
(C) The man should get his
own map. go to the store before (C) Find out if a bigger (D) is
office Wear cotton pants.

(D) The café isn't marked on class. available,

the map. (C) (D) Request a new chair for the

She'll take the man to the
malí tonight. woman.
20. (A) He'd like to get a ride (D)
from
The class schedule has
the woman. been changed,
(B) He Uves very near the
woman. 24. (A) Richard often goes home
(C) He doesn't w a n t t o g o early.
downtown. (B) The woman expected
(D) He thinks the woman is Richard to be at home,
going the wrong way. (C) Richard should not leave
work early.
(D) The woman called Richard
30 minutes ago.

18 19
 31. (A) Togethelpinfindinga35. (A) She has won a literary
Section 1; Part B new college. award.
(B) Tochange
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. his major.
After each (B) She has been proflled in a
(C) questions
conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and To fill out
willan not
application for
literary journal.
be repeated. college. (C) Her novel has soid very
(D) To find out how to change well.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your book and choose
dormitories. the (D) Her contract with a
best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the nunnber of the question and fill in the publisher has been
(A) A small school does not
space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. extended.
offerawide rangeof
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.
courses. 36. (A) A criminal.
(B) HIs tuition will not be (B) Apoet.
refunded. (C) A radio announcer.
(C) Changing majors involves (D) A pólice officer.
alotofpaperwork.
(D) He may not be able to 37. (A) To Iearn more about her

transferall hiscredits. researchfindings,

(B) To Iearn how she writes so
3i. (A) He doesn't like his many books.
professors. (C) To find out how she
(B) His classes are too difficult.
learned to write poetry.
(C) He can't transfer hiscredits
(D) To find ways to improve his
from his previous school. own writing.
(D) He doesn't get along with
his roommate. 38. (A) To take notes for
newspaper articles,
3/1. (A) The regislrar's office. (B) Tokeeptrackofthe
(B) The admissions office. number of hours she
(C) The housing office. spends writing.
(D) The math department. (C) To record ideas she has
when she Is not at her
desk.
(D) To document evidence for
a pólice investigailon.
 (A) Preparing for a hurricane
44. (A) It was paid for by the
Section 1, Parte
(B) Damage caused by a Uniied States Congress.
Directions: in this part of the test, you wiil hear several short hurricane.
taIks. After each talle, you
(B) It was run by prívate
will hear some questions, The taíks and questions will not be repeated,
(C) Coastal weather patterns. companies.
(D) Evacuation procedures. (C) ItwasregLilatedby the
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your book and choose the
government.
best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, ñ n d the number of the^10.
question
(A) Theand ñll in the
navy.
(D) It was mainly for farmers.
space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.(B) A government weather
agency, (A) Many post office locations
Here is an example;
(C) State pólice headquarters, were inconvenient,
On the recording, you hear: Sample Answer (D) A local shelter. (B) Badroadsdelayedmail
CA) C D • CD delivery.
'11. (A) Cover Windows.
(C) The postal rates were loo
Now listen to a sample question: (B)
Buyasuppiyoffoodand
high.
water.
In your book, you read; (A) To d e m ó n s t r a t e the latest use of computer graphics, (D) There were not enough
(C) Lócate the nearest shelter
(8) To discuss the possibility of an economic depression. mail carnets to deliver
(D) Leave coastal áreas.
(C) To expíain the workings of the brain, mail.
(D) To dramatize a famous mystery story,
'12. (A) Gasstations might not
'16. (A) They were tndifferent to it.
The best answer to the question, "What is the main purpose of the program?"
be open. is (C), "To
(B) They rhoughtit should
explain the workings of the brain."Therefore, the correct answer(B) is Fuel
(C), might increase in
have been done long
price.
Now listen to another sample question; Sample Answer before.
(C) They may need to drive
® CD CD • (C) They thought it was
neighbors to shelters.
unnecessary,
In your book, you read: (A) It is required of ali science majors.(D) There may be long lines at
(D) They thought it had to be
(B) It will never be shown again, the gas stations.
accepted despite its cost.
(C) It can help viewers improve their memory skills,
(D) It will help with course work. 43. (A) The economic impact of
47, (A) The properlies of quartz
mail delivery on rural
The best answer to the question "Why does the speaker recommend watching the crystals.
áreas.
programi'"is (D), "It will help with course work"Therefore, the correct choice is (D). (B) Amethodofidentifying
(B) Acomparisonofurban
minerals,
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in the test book. and rural mail delivery.
(C) ThelifeofFriedrichMohs.
(C) Government mail delivery
(D) A famous collection of
in cities,
minerals.
(D) The introduction of mail
delivery in rural áreas.

22 23
 Time:
in25 minutes, íncluding the reading of directions
•ia, (A) Its estimated valué. 50.(A) When it is scratched
different directions.
(B) Its crystalline structure. Now set your dock for 25 minutes.
(C) Its Chemical compositíon. (B) Whengreaterpressureis
(D) Itsrelative hardness, applied, This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize langu
(C) When its surfaceis appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of qu
-i9. (A) Collectsomemineralsas scratched too frequently.
section, with special directions for each type.
homework. (D) When the tester uses the
(B) Identify the tools he is wrong tools.
using.
Structure
(C) Appiy the information Directions: Questions M 5 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each s
given in the talk, will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose
(D) Pass their papers to the phrase that best completes the sentence, Then, on your answer sheei
front ofthe room, of the question and ñll in the space that corresponds to the letter
have chosen.
TífisistlieGnilofSecliünl.
Example I Sample Answer

Stop work on Section I now.

Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes they both emit h

fura uff your CD plnyer.
from below the Earth's surface.

(A) due to
Read the d i / e c í i o m for S e c t i ü n hnd begin work.
(B) because
DO NOT read or work un any -i^ther a^ction üf the t¿.sl duriiuj I h c nexl
(C) in spiteof
(D) regardiessof

The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volc
they both emit hot liquids from beneath the Earth's surface" Theref
choice is (B).

Example II Sample Answer

® C I ) (£> ^

During the early period of ocean navigation, any need for soph
Instruments and techniques.

(A) sothathardiy
(B) when there hardiy was .
(C) hardiy was
(D) jhere was hardiy
 Since the there
The sentence should read, "During the earlier period of ocean navigation, early 1950's, 5. As a country develops from
an agriculiural to an industrial
hardiy any need for sophisticated Instruments and techniques" Therefore, the c worid has
throughoutthe
more than doubled. economy, the atiitudes, valúes,
answer is (D),
(A) the demand for food structures, and functions of Ihe
(B) there is demand for food family
Now begin w o í k on the queUions.
(C) if food is in demand (A) the change
(D) food, a demand that (B) which change
(C) change
Even í h o u g h he did not attend(D) changing
school until he was tweive.
Dr. Samuel C.CTing was 6- Only a few sounds produced
the Nobel Prize in Physics in byinsectsare heard by
1976. humaos most ofthe
(A) won sounds are pitched either too
(B) the winning lowor too high.
(C) thewinnerof (A) in spiteof
(D) lo be won (B) because
(C) asa resultof
i . Gas particles move.
(D) instead of
when the gas is hot than when
it is cold. 7. Thpnrdin^iryrhAir in
(A) fast countless shapes, sizes, styies.
(B) faster and materials.
(C) as fast (A) has been made
(D) fastest (B) to be made
(C) is making
ThP rliffprpnr rninr'; nf (D) been making
the different temperatures of
the stars'surfaces. 6. Fnr 17Syp;ir<;;iflPr inirÍAl
(A) the stars indícate use at Harvard tn 1642, the
(B) indicating stars Bachelor of Aris degree was
(C) the indication that the the only degree awarded by
stars colleges in the United States.
(D) stars indicating that (A) its
(B) itwas
(C) being
(D) when

26 27
9. Since the Sun illuminareshalf Written Expression
the surface of the Moon, only
haifthe surface can be Directions; In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined w
seen from the Earth. The four underlined parts ofthe sentence are marked (A), (B), (C) a

(A) most one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for th

(B) much correct, Then, on your answer sheet, find the number ofthe question

(C) with more space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

(D) at most
Example I Sampte Answer
10. The novéis of Constance
• ® C D C5)
Fenimore Woolson ,
have special interest for their Guppies are sometimes cali rainbow fish because of the males'bright
regional settings. A B C D
(A) in a nineteenth-century
The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow ñsh
writer
males' bright colors."Therefore, you should choose (A).
(B) a nineteenth-century writer
(C) the nineteenth-century
writing Example II Sample Answer
(D) wrote about the nineteenth CÁ> ^ CD CD

century
Servinq several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an importa
IT. Okiahoma is Important A B C
as a farming state, it is even
politician.
more important for Its rich oil
D
. deposits.
(A) By The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley
(B) Although an important United States politician,''Therefore, you should choose
(C) Inorderfor
(D) Concerning
Now b e r j í n work on the (|uestions.

1 No animal seems on a
diet o í p e a t moss.
(A) survived
(B) cansurvive
(C) ofsurviving
(D) able to survive
 Pictures called olass mosaics are made bv settino small pieces
A 8 c
into fresh plaster
16. While attempting to fiy hers plañe around the worId in 1937,
D Amelia Earhart
A B C
mysteriouslv disappeared. Approximately every nineteen month Venus and the Sun reach th
O A B
angular separation in the solar system,
17. Richard Wright's a collection of short stories, were a C D
A B
critical success when it appeared in 1938, Anthropologists recently have found evidence that, centuries
C D A
used toentering their subterranean homes through tunneis whi
13. The principie on which the boat called a hydrofoil is designedB is identicallv to
A
helped keep the cold out and the heat in.
that demonstrated bv an airplane wing moving through ak. C D
B C D
Ihe tree porcupine is found in wooded áreas throughout most fr
19. Migrating butterflies can travel long distani oyer water.A B C D
A B C D North America.

20. During a early period in the settiement of the western United States, pioneers
Todate, only a small percentage of all olass manufactured in th
A
claimed parts of the wilderness by markino trees to establish a boundary, A
B C D is recycled, but markets for recycled glass that are growing s
B C D
21. Ali digital computers use binary, or two-valued, digits Instead than decimal, or
31). The oceans are the maiorsource of the atmospheric moisture
A B C
A B C
ten-valued, digits to represent and store data. through evaporator.
D D

22. An ambassador serves as_a nation's highest-ranking diplomacv in another

31. Only those insects with Ngh developed, multilensed eyes have
A B C
A B C
Cpuntry. color Vision.
D D

23. Early adolescence is a deveiopmental phase consisting of rapid changes in

32. The Earth's atmosphere functions much like a giant greenhous
A B C
A
behavior, psvchologicál. and hormones.
sunlight between outer space but preventing heat from escapin
D
B C D
24. Knowiedge from the froniiers of research genetic will increasingly pose difficu
33. The almond tree which produces the oidest species of nut and
A B
A B
problems for policy makers and for society in general.
widelv grown of all nut trees.
D
C . D

30 31
 FranTannenbaum, a paleontology student doing summer fieldwork. found aIncluding the reading ofthe directions
Time; 55 minutes,
A B C
Now set
completelv seventy-five-million-year-old fossil egg near your dock
Cfiateau, for 55 minutes,
Montana.
D
Directions; In this section you will read several passages, Each pas
.í5. Fencing, originally developed as a sport in fourieenth centurv.
several was included
questions about it. in
For questions 1 -50, you are to choose th
A B
(A), (8), (C) or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, ñ n
tfie first modern Olympic Games of 1896. the question and ñll in the space that corresponds to the letter of
C D
chosen.
j ü . Deptfi within ancient tombs, 3,0007ear-old peanuts have been found
A 6 C Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what ¡s stated
ihe passage.
alongside mummies,
D
Read the followinr| sample passage:
Art Nouveau developed in the 1890's when ariists did a conscious effort to
A 8 C The railroad was not the first Instiiution to impose regularit
break with what they regarded as worn-out formulas ofthe past.
or to draw attention to the importance of precise timekeeping, F
D
merchants have set out their wares ai daybreak and communal festi
been
3a. The most widely cultivated all of fruit trees, the apple iscelebrated,
second onlypeople * been in rough agreement with their nei
to thehave
A B j 5 to the time of day. The valué of this tradition is today more appa
grape in its importance as a temperate-zone fruit. Were it not for public accepiance of a single yardsiick of time,
C D unbearably chaotic: the massive daily transfers of goods, services
would proceed in fits and starts; the very fabric of modern socie
39. Pawnbroking, or making loans to customers who pledge personal or
unravel.
A B C
household goods as security, is one oftheoldest irade known.
D Example I Sample Answer

^lO. Of 1901 to 1914, acciaimed actor Douglas Fairbanks appeared on stage in (A) CD • CD)
A B
\t is the main idea of the passage?
a series of light comedies.
C D ^'íf*-^ (A) In modern society, we must talte more time for our neig
(B) The traditions of society are timeless,
Tlii:. i s í h e e i i t l ü f S e c í i o i i L
An accepted way of measuring time is essential for the smooth functi
;' • ofsociety.
ir you í i n i s h in í h a n : :¡ ininutei, clieck youi' work on Section only. (D) Sodety judges people by the times at which they conduct cer
DO N ü T read or .voik on any other s e a i o n of the test. , :The main idea ofthe passage is that societies need to agree about h

At the end of 25 minutes, go on lo Section 3. measured in order to function smoothly. Therefore, you should choose

Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.

Example II Sample Answer
® CD © •

In line 5, the phrase "this tradition" reíers to

(A) the practice of starting the business day at dawn

(B) friendiy relations between neighbors
(C) the railroad's reliance on time schedules
(D) people's agreement on the measurement of time

The phrase "this tradition" refers to the preceding clause, "people have been in rough
agreement with their neighbors as to the time of day"Therefore, you should choose
(D).

Now begin work on the questions.

No test material on this page.

I
 Questions 1-10 1. The word"it"Jn line 2 refers
6. to
Which ofthe following
(A) paper statemenis is true ofthe ball in
The ballpoint pen is universal writing instrument ofthe twentieth century.
(8) ink reservoir a ballpoint pen?
When the tiny metal ball at the writing tip is drawn across a sheet o í paper, it
{Q writing instrument ÍA) It is fitted directly Into the
rotates within a housing at the end o í a n ink reservoir and is coated with ink,
(D) ball tube,
which it transfers to the paper.
(B) It Controls the flow of Ink.
5 The first ballpoint pen was invented by John Loud in 1888. loud
The wordhas been
"housing" in line 3 is
(C) It has a small hole,
working on a design for a nonleaking pen to mark leather and closestin
fabrics and,
meaning to
(D) It contains a reservoir of
a í t h o u g h his cumbersome design was similar In essence to the (A)
modern Item, it
point
ink,
was never manufactured in large quantities and the patent was allowed
(B) to expire.
residence
The first workable design was patented in 1938 and became widely accepted in
(C) case 7. The author mentions a "suction
1942 when the United States Army required a pen that would not (D)leak
orbitin high- pump"inline 17 to indícate a
flying aircraft. function ofthe
J.
The ball ofthe pen is ñtted into a socket so that it rotates It can beSevera!
íreely. inferred from the
(A) reservoir
internal ducts in the socket feed ink to the ball; the other passage thatsocket
end ofthe there iswas interest
(B) plástic tube
in the
ñ t t e d onto a metal or plástic tube that contains the ink. When designing
ball isapressed
new type of pen
(C) socket
on paper and moved, the capillary actlon draws the ink from the because the o í dInones
reservoir. (D) ball
effect, the ball functions as a valve to prevent overflow, and (A)onwere too big
rotation it acts as a
suction pump drawing out the ink. (B) were expensive fi. The word "which" in line 19
One probiem was that as some of the ink ran out, a partial (C) leaked
vacuum was refers to
formed between the back ofthe ball and ink reservoir, which (D)
cut cracked
o f í t h e suppiy. (A) supply
This was solved by making a small hole at the far end o í the reservoir. As the ink (B) back ofthe ball
The word "expire" in line 8 is
at the tip is sucked out, more ink from the tube is drawn into the socket to ñll its (C) partial vacuum
closest in meaning to
place, the vacuum being prevented by air that is drawn through the vent. (D) ink reservoir
(A) end
Disposable ballpoints have improved considerably in efficiency and reliability
(8) change What was the purpose of
since 1938. Further improvements made recently include the production o í a pen
(C) copy the small hole mentioned in
that writes at any angle, even upside down, and the development of a new ink
(D) expand line 20?
thatiserasabte. :
(A) Todrain offexcess ink
It can be inferred that the
(8) To improve ink flow to the
ballpoint pen first gained
tip ofthe pen
popularityamong
(C) To reduce the amount of
(A) military personnel
air in the pen
(8) businesspeople
(D) To allow the reservoir to be
(Q scientists
refllled
(D) artists
Until recently one limitation of
ballpoint pens was
(A) their inabilitytofunction
upside down
(B) thecostofreplacingempty
reservoirs
(C) the fragility ofthe point
(D) corrosión due to the ink

Section 3 c o n t i n ú e s . Turn tlie page read the nent passage.

38
 Questions 11-20 11- The passage focuses on the15. The words "each other" in
United States in the 1920's line 15 refer to
By the 1920's in the United States, great change had been made in daily liíe
primarily in terms ofthe (A) improvements in
by an accumulation of inventions that had been produced in increasing numbers
(A) creativityof American iransporlation
since the Civil War, These technological innovations created what, in effect, was a
inventors
social revolution. (B) parts ofthe country
(B) decline in social (C) bicycles and trolleys
5 Improvements in Communications served to knit more closely citizens of
relationships (D) better highways
diverse ethnic and political backgrounds. Rapid printing presses, typesetting
(C) influenceoftechnology
devices, and page-plate processes made printed matter more widely accessible, on
society 16. The word "mobility" in line 17
The telephone simpliñed person-to-person communication.The phonograph,
(D) negativa sideof closest in meaning to
the silent motion picture, the radio, and the sound picture for the ñrst lime made
technological (A) excitement
auditory and visual impact simultaneously possible over the whole country and progress
(B) movement
had the inevitable, and perhaps undesirable, effect of establishing a trend to
13. The word "knit" in line 5 is(C) moderniiy
national conformity in thought and feeling. One could cali this revolution the
closest in meaning to (D) control
nationalization of thought and taste. (A) unite
Improvements in iransporlation made all parts ofthe country (B) less remote from
attract 17. According to the passage,
each other when measured by the time required to go from one (C)
place to another.
inform which ofthe following
Bicycles and trolleys put the nailon on wheels. Then the automobile provided the
(D) study modes of transportaron was
means for speed and mobility, now so dear to Americans, and brought a demand negatively affected by motor
for better highways. By the 1920's cargo trucks were beginning
Theto cut "accessible"
word into railroad
in line 7
vehicles?
revenues, and the latest wonder, the airplane, was a fairly common sight.
is closest in meaning to (A) Trolleys
(A) and
The transport revolution was made possible by the development understandable (B) Bicycles
perfection of new engines and motors.The internal-combustion(B) read using
engine, (C) Trains
(C) printed
gasoline or oil, could be built in compact power units admirably suited to (D) Airplanes
(D) available
automobiles, aircraft, and boats, The use of electricity, generated by water power
or coal-burning plants, s i m p l i ñ e d the problems of mechanical power for industrial' 18. The passage suggests that
H . According to ihe author, a major advantage ofthe
use and made electrical illuminatlon commonplace in cities, indoors and out.
expanded Communications led internal-combustion engine
Electricity also powered an increasing variety of domestic appliances. '
to a decrease in was its
(A) individuality (A) safety
(B) travel (B) size
(C) patriotism (C) durability
(D) entertainment (D) price
 2ü'-the
19. The author ¡dentiíies ali of Where in the passage does the
following as contributors to author give an example of a
the "social revolution"of thetechnological advance that led
1920's EXCEPT to a demand for improvement
(A) improved communication in another área?
(B) improved transportation (A) Lines 6-7
(C) improvements resulting (B) Lines 16-17
from electricity (C) Lines 21-23
(D) improvements in the arts (D) Line 26
 o'
3 .
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