Chapter 1: Indicative Tenses

Present Tense Simple

A) Formation

Affirmative: Verb (naked = without “to”) + “-es/s” (only for the 3rd person sg)

EX: I work - He/ she/ /it works

I go – He/ she/ It goes
Watch => wat-ches

Negative: Do / Does (Auxiliary) +NOT + Verb (naked)

EX: I don’t / do not work / He/ she /it does not work

Interrogative: Do/ Does + Subject + Verb (naked)

EX: Do I work / Does he/she/it work

B) Usage

1) When you discuss about habitual actions:

EX: I go to school (every day).

KEY WORDS: every (day, month, year, hour, minute, etc), usually, always, all the time,
seldom (arareori), sometimes, rarely, often, whenever (ori de cate ori), never;

2) General truths = adevaruri general valabile (that already have a scientific

explanation);
EX: Water freezes at 0C.
The apple falls when you throw it in the air.
 3) When you speak about the history but you present the facts in the Historic Present
EX: Stephan the Great dies in 1504.
4) It is used in PROVERBS.
EX: The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree. = Aschia nu sare departe de trunchi.
Despair gives courage to a coward.

5) In it used is step by step instructions (recipes, crafting instructions);

6) It has also FUTURE Value = when you talk about official schedules.
Ex : Trenul pleaca din gara la 8 :30 / Trenul va pleaca (o sa plece) din gara la ora
8:30 = The train lives the station at 8 :30 / half past eight.