Professional Documents
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The need for skilled working capital management has thus become
greater in recent years. A firm invests a part of its permanent capital
in fixed assets and keeps a part of it for working capital i.e., for
meeting the day- to- day requirements. We will hardly find a firm
which does not require any amount of working capital for its normal
operations.
The need for skilled working capital management has thus become
greater in recent years. A firm invests a part of its permanent capital
in fixed assets and keeps a part of it for working capital i.e., for
meeting the day to day requirements. We will hardly find a firm
which does not require any amount of working capital for its normal
operations.
There are two concepts of working capital i.e. gross working capital
and net working capital. Gross working capital is the amount of funds
which are invested in current assets. Current assets are those assets
which are converted into cash within a short period of time generally
in one year. Current liabilities are those liabilities which can be
payable within a short period of time generally in one year.
The scope of this study is also extended for the following purposes:
PRIMARY DATA:
SECONDARY DATA:
1.Hospital activities;
2.Medical and dental practice activities;
3."Other human health activities".
Delivery of services
See also: Gatekeeper physicians
The delivery of healthcare services—from primary
care to secondary and tertiary levels of care—is the most visible part
of any healthcare system, both to users and the general public.
[13]
There are many ways of providing healthcare in the modern
world. The place of delivery may be in the home, the community, the
workplace, or in health facilities. The most common way is face-to-
face delivery, where care provider and patient see each other in
person. This is what occurs in general medicine in most countries.
However, with modern telecommunications technology, in
absentia health care or Tele-Health is becoming more common. This
could be when practitioner and patient communicate over
the phone, video conferencing, the internet, email, text messages, or
any other form of non-face-to-face communication. Practices like
these are especial applicable to rural regions in developed nations.
These services are typically implemented on a clinic-by-clinic basis.
Improving access, coverage and quality of health services depends
on the ways services are organized and managed, and on the
incentives influencing providers and users. In market-based health
care systems, for example such as that in the United States, such
services are usually paid for by the patient or through the
patient's health insurance company. Other mechanisms include
government-financed systems (such as the National Health Service in
the United Kingdom). In many poorer countries, development aid, as
well as funding through charities or volunteers, help support the
delivery and financing of health care services among large segments
of the population.
The structure of healthcare charges can also vary dramatically among
countries. For instance, Chinese hospital charges tend toward 50%
for drugs, another major percentage for equipment, and a small
percentage for healthcare professional fees. China has implemented
a long-term transformation of its healthcare industry, beginning in
the 1980s. Over the first twenty-five years of this transformation,
government contributions to healthcare expenditures have dropped
from 36% to 15%, with the burden of managing this decrease falling
largely on patients. Also over this period, a small proportion of state-
owned hospitals have been privatized. As an incentive to
privatization, foreign investment in hospitals—up to 70% ownership
has been encouraged.
Systems
Main article: Health system
Healthcare systems dictate the means by which people and
institutions pay for and receive health services. Models vary based
on the country, with the responsibility of payment ranging from
public (social insurance) and private health insurers to the consumer-
driven by patients themselves. These systems finance and organize
the services delivered by providers. A two-tier system of public and
private is common.
The American Academy of Family Physicians define four commonly
utilized systems of payment:
Beveridge model
Named after British economist and social reformer William
Beveridge, the Beveridge model sees healthcare financed and
provided by a central government. The system was initially proposed
in his 1942 report, Social Insurance and Allied Services—known as
the Beveridge Report. The system is the guiding basis of the modern
British healthcare model enacted post-World War II. It has been
utilized in numerous countries, including The United Kingdom, Cuba,
and New Zealand.
The system sees all healthcare services— which are provided and
financed solely by the government. This single payer system is
financed through national taxation. Typically, the government owns
and runs the clinics and hospitals, meaning that doctors are
employees of the government. However, depending on the specific
system, public providers can be accompanied by private doctors who
collect fees from the government. The underlying Principal of this
system is that healthcare is a fundamental human right. Thus, the
government provides universal coverage to all citizens. Generally,
the Beveridge model yields a low cost per capita compared to other
systems.
Bismarck model
The Bismarck system was first employed in 1883 by Prussian
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. In this system, insurance is mandated
by the government and is typically sold on a non-profit basis. In
many cases, employers and employees finance insurers through
payroll deduction. In a pure Bismarck system, access to insurance is
seen as a right solely predicated on labour status. The system
attempts to cover all working citizens, meaning patients cannot be
excluded from insurance due to pre-existing conditions. While care is
privatized, it is closely regulated by the state through fixed
procedure pricing. This means that most insurance claims are
reimbursed without challenge, creating low administrative
burden. Archetypal implementation of the Bismarck system can be
seen in Germany's nationalized healthcare. Similar systems can be
found in France, Belgium, and Japan.
Out-of-pocket model
In areas with low levels of government stability or poverty, there is
often no mechanism for ensuring that health costs are covered by a
party other than the individual. In this case patients must pay for
services on their own. Payment methods can vary—ranging from
physical currency, to trade for goods and services. Those that cannot
afford treatment typically remain sick or die.
Inefficiencies
In countries where insurance is not mandated, there can be gaps in
coverage—especially among disadvantaged and impoverished
communities that cannot afford private plans. The UK National
Health System creates excellent patient outcomes and mandates
universal coverage but also suffers from large lag times for
treatment. Critics argue that reforms brought about by the Health
and Social Care Act 2012 only proved to fragment the system,
leading to high regulatory burden and long treatment delays. In his
review of NHS leadership in 2015, Sir Stuart Rose concluded that
"the NHS is drowning in bureaucracy."
hospital,
an institution that is built, staffed, and equipped for
the diagnosis of disease; for the treatment, both medical and
surgical, of the sick and the injured; and for their housing during this
process. The modern hospital also often serves as a centre for
investigation and for teaching.
History of hospitals
As early as 4000 BCE, religions identified certain of their deities with
healing. The temples of Saturn, and later of Asclepius in Asia Minor,
were recognized as healing centres. Brahminic hospitals were
established in Sri Lanka as early as 431 BCE, and
King Ashoka established a chain of hospitals in Hindustan about
230 BCE. Around 100 BCE the Romans established hospitals
(valetudinaria) for the treatment of their sick and injured soldiers;
their care was important because it was upon the integrity of the
legions that the power of ancient Rome was based.
In many countries nearly all hospitals are owned and operated by the
government. In Great Britain, except for a small number run by
religious orders or serving special groups, most hospitals are within
the National Health Service. The local hospital management
committee answers directly to the regional hospital board and
ultimately to the Department of Health and Social Security. In
the United States most hospitals are neither owned nor operated by
governmental agencies. In some instances, hospitals that are part of
a regional health authority are governed by the board of the regional
authority, and hence these hospitals no longer have their own
boards.
HISTORY
Affiliated Hospitals
1.Rani Chandramani Devi Hospital for Physically Handicapped
7.UGPHC at Subbavaram
8.CHC at Aganampudi
CHAPTER-3
Lotus Hospital for Women & Children
Over the last decade, the organization has established three more
hospitals in addition to the flagship center at Lakdikapul, Hyderabad,
Telangana. They include two within Hyderabad: at Kukatpally and L.B.
Nagar and one at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh State with a
combined capacity of 300 beds. The unique feature of these finest
centers in India is the meticulous attention paid to the design and detail
and in particular a very child friendly ambience for areas of the hospital
catering to children. The floor plans are all detailed and
planned meticulously to ensure smooth workflow and patient transfers
between floors for their healthcare needs.
Accreditations
"We are an ethical, transparent group and follow purely ' evidence-
based medicine' in all our centers with a wide variety of
accommodation to suit the budget of low-income families in addition
to the middle -upper income strata of society."- Dr. V.S.V. PRASAD
Lotus Hospital for Women & Children was adjudged the 'Best
Paediatric Hospital in India, Ranked No.1' by 'Indian Healthcare
Awards 2016' sponsored by ICICI Lombard Insurance 24X7 &
CNBC TV 18.
V.S.V. Prasad, CEO, of the Lotus Hospital for Women & Children
was honoured with a citation and listed among the ' 100 Most
Impactful Healthcare Leaders ' – Global Listing, conferred
at the " World Health &Wellness Congress and Awards by CMO
Asia and received the citation at a glittering event in Mumbai
on 14 February, 2017.
• 65 Bedded Hospital
• Advanced ICU / NICU / PICU
• Advanced Operation Theatre
• Best-in-class Labour Room
• IVF Theatre & Laboratory
• Valet Parking Available
• Highly Hygienic Cafeteria
• Free Ambulance within 5km Radius (subject to availability)
• 50 Bedded Hospital
• Advanced ICU / NICU / PICU
• Advanced Operation Theatre
• Best-in-class Labour Room
• Located on the Main-road between L.B. Nagar & Nagole
• Valet Parking Available
• Highly Hygienic Cafeteria
• Free Ambulance within 5km Radius (subject to availability)
• 50 Bedded Hospital
• Advanced ICU / NICU / PICU
• Advanced Operation Theatre
• Best-in-class Labour Room
• Located on Walter Main -road
• Valet Parking Available
• Highly Hygienic Cafeteria
• Free Ambulance within 5km Radius (subject to availability)
CONTACT DETAILS
Dr.Saraj Kumar
CHAIRMAN
Lotus Hospital For Women and Children
Dr.V.S.V. Prasad
Chief Executive Officer
Lotus Hospital For Women and Children
A Jyothi
HR In Visakhapatnam
Lotus Hospital For Women and Children
CHAPTER-4