QUANTUM NUMBERS

LET'S TRY
1. WHAT IS THE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF
OXYGEN?
2. DRAW THE ORBITAL DIAGRAM OF OXYGEN
3. WHAT IS THE NOBLE GAS CONFIGURATON OF
NITROGEN?
QUANTUM NUMBERS
LET'S TRY
1. WHAT IS THE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF
OXYGEN?
QUANTUM NUMBERS
LET'S TRY
DRAW THE ORBITAL DIAGRAM OF OXYGEN
PERIODICITY
PERIODIC TRENDS
EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE
in many-electron atoms, the inner or core electrons shield the outer
electrons from the nucleus reducing the electrostatic attractions
between the nucleus and the outer electron.
shielding refers to how an outer electron is blocked from the nuclear
charge by the inner electrons, means the attraction of the outer
electron to the nucleus is not felt 100%
PERIODICITY
PERIODIC TRENDS
EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGE
PERIODICITY
PERIODIC TRENDS
ATOMIC RADIUS
effective atomic radius is the distance of the electron from the
nucleus within which 95% of the electron charge density is found.
COVALENT RADIUS-
one-half the distance between two identical atoms joined
togeter by a single bond
PERIODICITY
PERIODIC TRENDS
ATOMIC RADIUS.
METALLIC RADIUS
it is one-half the distance between the nuclei of the two atoms in
contact in the crystalline solid metal.
PERIODICITY
PERIODIC TRENDS
ATOMIC RADIUS.
PERIODICITY
PERIODIC TRENDS
IONIC RADIUS
difficult to measure with
certainty because they are
affected by their
immediate environment.
measured by x-ray
diffraction..
Cations- smaller than the
atoms they formed
Anions- larger than the
atoms from which they are
formed
PERIODICITY
IONIZATION ENERGY
minimum amount of energy (kJ/mol) required to remove an
electron from gaseous atom in its ground state.
PERIODICITY
ELECTRON AFFINITY
the negative of the energy change that occurs when a gaseous
atom accepts an electron
PERIODICITY
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
tendency of an atom in a chemical bond to attract electrons
toward itself.
CHEMICAL BONDING
IONIC BOND
OCTET RULE
when elements combine to form compounds, they tend to
lose, gain or share electrons to achieve the same electron as
the noble gas nearest to them in the periodic table.

LEWIS DOT SYMBOL

use in keep tracking valence electrons
Electron affinity and Ionization energy
CHEMICAL BONDING
IONIC BOND
CHEMICAL BONDING
IONIC BOND
CHEMICAL BONDING
IONIC BOND
LEWIS DOT SYMBOL
CHEMICAL BONDING
IONIC BOND
LEWIS DOT SYMBOL
CHEMICAL BONDING
COVALENT BOND
COVALENT BOND
two electrons are shared equally between the atoms.
electronegativity
Example: Formation of covalent bond for the F2 molecule
CHEMICAL BONDING
COVALENT BOND
OCTET RULE
INCOMPLETE OCTET- BORON (B), BERYLLIUM (Be), HYDROGEN (H)
CHEMICAL BONDING
COVALENT BOND
OCTET RULE
ODD NUMBER OF ELECTRONS- FREE RADICALS, TEND TO BE
UNSTABLE AND REACTIVE
CHEMICAL BONDING
COVALENT BOND
OCTET RULE
EXPANDED OCTET- MORE THAN EIGHT ELECTRONS AROUND THE
CENTRAL ATOM
ELEMENTS IN PERIOD 3 AND ABOVE EXHIBIT EXPANDED OCTET UP
TO 12 TO 14 ELECTRONS
CHEMICAL BONDING
CHEMICAL BONDING
LET'S TRY
1. DRAW THE LEWIS STRUCTURE OF BROMINE
2. DRAW THE LEWIS TRUCTURE OF CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE (CCl4)
3. NAME THE FOLLOWING:
a. SiC
b. KI
c. CaS
d. NO
e. CO
CHEMICAL BONDING
LET'S TRY
1. DRAW THE LEWIS STRUCTURE OF BROMINE
CHEMICAL BONDING
LET'S TRY
2. DRAW THE LEWIS TRUCTURE OF CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE (CCl4)

sol:
First, write the chemical formula
Second, write the valence electrons
for each atom present then add the total
valence electrons
Last, distribute the electrons obeying the octet
rule
GEOMETRY
MOLECULAR GEOMETRY
MOLECULAR GEOMETRY
pertains to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a
molecule.
affects the physical and chemical properties of molecules
and reactivity.

ELECTRON PAIR
molecular geometry is determined by the position of the
nuclei of the atoms. Lone pairs "not seen"
GEOMETRY
MOLECULAR GEOMETRY
ELECTRON PAIR
GEOMETRY
MOLECULAR GEOMETRY
GEOMETRY
LET'S TRY!!