UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE

~BScELECTRICAL ENG. (HONOURS) PART III

TELECOMMUNICATIONS EE3 10
MAIN EXAMINATION MAY/JUNE 2001
Time allowed: Three Hours
There are seven questions of equal value.
You may attempt Question 1 and any four other questions

PLEASE NOTE
All answers must be written in ink.
(Except where they are explicitly required, pencils may only be used for
drawIng, sketching or graphical work.)

Marks will only be awarded for answers that relate directly to the questions
asked.

Full marks will not be awarded if answers are not accompanied by adequate
supporting explanations.
Showyour working and state any assumptions that you make.

You may use a non-programmable electronic calculator.

Pocket computers and programmable calculators are not allowed in this
examination.

You may retain this paper at the end of the examination.

All the relevant tables are supplied
Question 1 (Compulsory)

a) Explain how co-channel interference can effectively be reduced in mobile

communications. [4]

b) Explain why it is desirable for music to have a greater bandwidth than speech in
commercial telecommunications systems. [4]

c) Whatare benefits of digital terrestrial transmission (broadcasting) and what would be

the major problems faced ifZimbabwe was to introduce it at this time. [4]

d) A telephone transmission system is required to transmit a minimum of 10 channels

over the bandwidth 12—64 KHz. State whether an amplitude modulated orfrequency
modulated system would be suitable and give reasons for youranswer. Calculate the
number of channels that can be transmitted with the system you choose. [8]

Question 2

a) Determine whether the following signal fits into any ofthe two classifications: power
type and energy type. t12]

t>0
t0

b). Determine the Coefficient; in the complex Fourier series ofthe

following waveform. [8]

—1 0 1 2
Question 3

a) State and Prove The Parseval Theorem. [8]

b) Ifan impulse v,(t) 5(t) is applied to the input of a system whose transfer function is
H0w
H(w) = find the output signal v0(t). [8]
wc + Jw

c) Distinguish between Time-Invariant and Time-Vaiying systems. [4]

Question 4

a) The BBC VHF- FM sound broadcast system has a rated system deviation of 75KHz
and a maximum modulating frequency of 15KHz. Calculate the required bandwidth
for the system. What would the required bandwidth if DSB AM where to be used.
Comment on your answers. [6]

b) In a frequency modulation system, explain why the higher modulation index, the
greater the number ofsignificant sidebands. [5]

c) Calculate the noise voltage at the input of the television R.F. amplifier using an
amplifier device having equivalent noise resistance of 1 80~and input resistance of
400~).The bandwidth ofthe amplifier is 7 MHz and the temperature is 3 05K. [9]

Question 5

a). Derive the general equation ofan amplitude modulated wave and sketch
its frequency spectrum. [6]

b). What are the advantages and disadvantages of SSB-SC over DSB-FC[4]

c). Show that the total power P~contained in an AM wave is given by

where P~is the carrier power and m is the modulation index

The power dissipated by an AM wave is 80W when the depth ofmodulation is 25%.
What modulation depth is necessary to increase the power to 100W. [10]

Question 6

a) Explain the principle ofQuadrature Amplitude Modulation as applied in

Television transmission. [5]
b) Draw a simplified signal television flow diagram showing how video and audio
Question 3

a) State and Prove The Parseval Theorem. [8]

b) if an impulse v1(t) = 5(t) is applied to the input of a system whose transfer function is
H0w
H(w) = find the output signal v0(t). [8]
W~.+ 3W

c) Distinguish between Time-Invariantand Time-Varying systems. [4]

Question 4

a) The BBC VHF- FM sound broadcast system has a rated system deviation of75KHz
and a maximum modulating frequency of 15KHz. Calculate the required bandwidth
for the system. What would the required bandwidth if DSB AM where to be used.
Comment on your answers. [6]

b) In a frequency modulation system, explain why the higher modulation index, the
greater the number ofsignificant sidebands. [5]

c) Calculate the noise voltage at the input of the television R.F. amplifier using an
amplifier device having equivalent noise resistance of 1 80~and input resistance of
400~).The bandwidth ofthe amplifier is 7 MHz and the temperature is 305K. [9]

Question 5

a). Derive the general equation ofan amplitude modulated wave and sketch

its frequency spectrum. [6]

b). What are the advantages and disadvantages of SSB-SC over DSB-FC[4]

c). Show that the total power P~contained in an AM wave is given by

P~ =~~[i÷~—J
where P~is the carrier power and m is the modulation index
The power dissipated by an AM wave is 80W when the depth ofmodulation is 25%.
What modulation depth is necessary to increase the power to 100W. [10]

Question 6

a) Explain the principle ofQuadrature Amplitude Modulation as applied in

Television transmission. [5]

b) Draw a simplified signal television flow diagram showing how video and audio
information is captured at source, transmitted and reproduced at destination. [7]
c) In TV broadcasting a method of overcoming the constant luminance problem would
be to use a linear system at the transmitter and to place a gamma correcting amplifier
in the receiver so that the overall characteristics ofthe receiver is linear. Briefly
explain why this is not a practical proposition. [8]

Question 7

a) Define the following terms, “Failure Rate “, “Availability”, “Reliability” [6]

b) For an electronic instrument the total failure rate is estimated to be 2.5x106 per hour.
Calculate the MTBF and the reliability for a 10 000 hour operating period. [6]

c) The forecasts ofroutes leading to three possible telephone exchange sites A, B an C

are shown in the figure below. Indicate which is the practical centre ofthe proposed
exchange and why. [8]

~1Kin
K~’n

Ic fot~cas1Ti~ur~s
First fl~ure~upp9r) ir~iC~t~S ~J~stirIgsze
f~ut~ (n~ddI~) Irdloales 1C-yuarlcrYcast
Third ligure (lewer) inrkale3 20-yeor corece~t
 USEFUL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTiTIES
USEFUL TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Indefinite Integrals cos(x ±y) = cos(x) cos(y) F sin(x)sin(y)

J cos(x) dx sin(x)
= sin(x ±y) = sin(x) cos(y) ±cos(x)sin(y)

J cos(x) dx cos(x)
x = +x sin(x) ± f~J = ~ sin(x)

Jx2 cos(x) dx = 2x cos(x) + (x2 —2)sin(x)

± = ±cos(x)
f sin(x) dx cos(x)
= —

cos2(x) sin2 (x)

5 x sin(x) dx sin(x) x cos(x)
= —
cos(2x) =

sin(2x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x)

—

5 x2 sin(x) dx 2x sin(x) (x2 —2)cos(x)

= — 2 cos(x) cos(y) = cos(x — y) + cos(x + y)
2 sin(x)sin(y) = cos(x y) — — cos(x — y)
Exponential functions 2 sin(x)cos(y) = sin(x — y) + sin(x + y)
2 cos2(x) = 1 + cos(2x)
2 sin2 (x) =1 — cos(2x)
Jxe~dx=e~[~i...I] 4 cos3 (x) = 3 cos(x) + cos(3x)

4 sin3 (x) = 3sin(x) + sin(3x)

Jx2e~dx=e~[~__~ __~]
8 cos4 (x) =3 + 4 cos(2x) + cos(4x)
Definite Inte2rals 8 sin4 (x) =3 —4 cos(2x) + cos(4x)
Je~2xZ dx=
1fr~,~
A cos(x) B sin(x) = R cos(x + 0)
—

2~
ix2e~2 dx=ij~ whereR = ~JA2—B2, ~ (%) ~

A R cos(0), B = R sin(0)

2cos(x)=e~+ e~
SSa2@~)dx=~
2
2isin(x~=e~ e~ —
EE31O Tables and Constants

Constants
Bolttzmann’sConstant k=1.38x1O~J/K

Electroncharge q=1.6x10’9 C

Velocityoflight c=3x108 rn/s

TABLE OF FOURIER TRANSFORMS

Time Domain Frequency Domain

1 1
8(f)
CJ~1~OI S(f—fo)
cos(2irfoI)
a ~8(ffo)~~It5(f+fo)
sin(2xfot)
fl(t) —*8(f+fo)+ ~y8(ffo)
sinc(f)
sinc(:) 11(f)
A(4 2(f)
sinc
A
sinc (t) 4’)
e~’u_j(t)~a
> 0
a+j2zf 1
te~’u.....,(r),a> 0 (a-I-f

a2-f(2xf)2

sgn(t) I /(jirf)
u_t(t) 1
Jlxf
8’(t) j2xrf
8(*) (:) (j2icfY’
I
—fir sgn(f)
_i.. ¶ç%fl=+0O
Et8(t —nl’o) 8(f_ S