EXAMPLE ONLY

Review of Related Studies

Anti-dandruff

Dandruff is a very common chronic skin condition,

characterized by dry, flaking skin on the scalp and often

accompanied by itching that ranges from mild to intense. Dandruff

is not contagious, nor is it a serious condition, but it can be

uncomfortable and embarrassing for those who suffer its effects.

Although the exact cause of dandruff is undetermined, certain

factors are known to contribute to its development. According to

the Mayo Clinic, these factors include stress, poor nutrition,

hormonal changes, immune system weakness and oily skin.

According to Prasart Foo-trakul and Chonlada

Watchiradatsatiean (2005), it stated that”Kaffir lime juice is a

by-product of food industry. It could be used as an ingredient to

make kaffir lime shampoo. The crude extract of kaffir lime oil

from its peel could inhibit the growth of Candida alcicans which

is a micro-organism associated with the dandruff of the scalp.

The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of C. albicans by the

oil was 1% (v/v). The kaffir lime juice has acid properties,

helps cleaning hair, removes dirt and gives shampoo color. The

optimum formula was kaffir lime juice, kaffir lime peel oil,

sodium lauryl ether sulfate, coconut diethanolamide, 5-bromo-5-

nitro-1, 3-dioxane (Bronidox) and water at 15.0, 1.0, 50.0, 30.0,

0.l and 30.0 % (w/w), respectively. A test with one hundred

consumers showed that most of them were quite satisfied with this

product especially in reducing dandruff of the scalp. The kaffir

lime shampoo has color in L, a and b values of 4.6, -0.67 and

1.0, respectively. Its viscosity was 1,811 centipoise.”

According to Yury Yarovoy, Georgia Shafer, and Albert Joseph

Post (2014), proposed that “a shampoo composition is described

which includes from 1 to 25% by weight of mild surfactants, from

0.001 to 5% by weight of citrus fibers, from 0.01 to 5% by weight

of anti-dandruff zinc salts, and a cosmetically acceptable

carrier. The citrus fibers help structure the composition to

maintain phase stability, provide appropriate viscosity and

achieve deposition of the anti-dandruff zinc salts.”

According to Caroline Alexandra Hall ,Graham Andrew Turner

and Aneliya Nikolova Zdravkova (2013) , proposed that “the

invention relates to an anti-dandruff shampoo comprising: a) from

0.1 to 5 wt. % of an anti-dandruff zinc salt; b) from 2 to 16 wt.

% of an alkyl sulphate and/or an ethoxylated alkyl sulfate

anionic surfactant; and, c) from 1 to 10 wt. % of a fatty acyl

isethionate product which product comprises 40 to 80 wt. % fatty

acyl isethionate and 15 to 50 wt. % free fatty acid and/or fatty

acid salt and to the use of the fatty acyl isethionate product to

provide a conditioning benefit to hair treated with an anti-

dandruff shampoo comprising anti-dandruff zinc salts.”

According to Kavssery Parameswaran Ananthapadmanabhan and

Aneliya Nikolova Zdravkova (2016) ,stated that “the invention

relates to an anti-dandruff shampoo comprising: —a) from 0.1 to 5

wt. % of an anti-dandruff zinc salt; b) from 1 to 8 wt. % of an

alkyl glycinate and/or alkyl carboxyglycinate; c) from 2 to 16

wt. % of an alkyl sulphate and/or an ethoxylated alkyl sulfate

anionic surfactant; and, d) from 1 to 10 wt. % of a fatty acyl

isethionate product which product comprises 40 to 80 wt. % fatty

acyl isethionate and 15 to 50 wt. % free fatty acid and/or fatty

acid salt and to the use of a surfactant system comprising

components b) to d) to provide an improvement to the skin stratum

corneum barrier”

According to Marcus Krueger (2014), it stated that “the

present invention relates to hair treatment agents containing

selected amino acids and/or selected oligopeptides and a selected

cationic keratin hydrolysate. A need exists to further improve

hair care products and to impart further advantageous properties

to them. In particular, a care-providing complex should be made

available that ideally can be used even in conjunction with

oxidizing agents and surfactant agents.”

Velvet apple

Diospyros blancoi (commonly known as velvet apple, velvet

persimmon or mabola tree) is a tree of the genus Diospyros of

ebony trees and persimmons. Its edible fruit has a skin covered

in a fine, velvety fur which is usually reddish-brown, and soft,

creamy, pink flesh, with a taste and aroma comparable to fruit

cream cheese (the aroma of the fruit itself, however, is

unpleasant, comparable to rotten cheese or cat feces, inspiring

names like the French "Caca de Chat".

According to Kyoung-Youl Lee,Ju-Young Jung and Hwa-Young Son

(2012), proposed that “asthma is a complex disease linked to

various pathophysiological events, including proteinase

activity. In this study, we examined whether a Diospyros

blancoi methanolic extract (DBE) exerts protective effects on

allergic asthma in a murine asthma model. To investigate the

specific role of DBE, we employed a murine model of allergic

airway inflammation. BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with

ovalbumin (OVA) were orally administered 20 or 40 mg/kg DBE for

3 days during OVA challenge. DBE induced significant suppression

of the number of OVA-induced total inflammatory cells, including

eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, in bronchoalveolar

lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, treatment with DBE led to

significant decreases in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and eotaxin

levels in BALF and OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1

levels in serum. Histological examination of lung tissue

revealed marked attenuation of allergen-induced lung

eosinophilic inflammation and mucus-producing goblet cells in

the airway. Additionally, DBE suppressed matrix

metalloproteinase-9 activity and induced heme oxygenase-1

expression. The present findings collectively suggest that DBE

exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in an airway inflammation

mouse model, supporting its therapeutic potential for the

treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.”

According to Hyeong Kyu Lee, and Hyouk Joung (2012),

proposed that “the present invention relates to an anti-aging and

aging retarding composition which contains velvet apple extracts

or fractions thereof as active ingredients. More particularly,

the velvet apple extracts of the present invention exhibit DPPH

free radical scavenging effects and ABTS free radical scavenging

effects in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, ethyl acetate

of velvet apple and butanol fractions thereof exhibit excellent

antioxidant effects, and therefore, the velvet apple extracts of

the present invention may be valuably used as active ingredients

of an anti-aging and aging retarding composition, a

pharmaceutical composition and a composition for health food”.

According to Kyung Seop Ahn and Rodrigo Gamez-Lobo (2014),

it stated that “Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for the

prophylaxis and therapy of inflammatory diseases, allergic

diseases, or asthma, comprising a velvet apple (Diospyros

blancoi A. DC.) extract as an active ingredient. Having the

inhibitory activity against the nuclear translocation of NF-κB,

whose level is rapidly elevated in response to inflammatory

stimuli, the velvet apple extract can suppress the production of

NO and PGE2, the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and the release of

IL-1β and TNF-α, and can significantly down regulate Th2-mediated

IL-4 and IL-13 production. In addition, the extract was found to

inhibit the activation of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage

fluid, and to suppress the secretion of immunoglobulins and

chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood, as measured

by in vivo tests on an ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model.

Therefore, the extract can be used in the method for preventing

or treating various inflammatory disorders, allergic diseases, or

asthma”.