Concrete Footings

(A）Column Footing；（B）Wall Footing

PONDASI DALAM
Bangunan terdiri dari tiga bagian
Superstructure, substructure, and foundation. The
substructure pada kasus ini terdiri dari dua tingkat basement, dan
Pondasi terdiri dari pondasi caissons.
Settlement pada bangunan
(A）Bangunan sebelum terjadi Settlement ；（B）Settlement seragam
(C) Differential Settlement
 P

Column
Ground Surface

Df

Footing

Shallow Foundation Df < 4B

A = total building foundation plan area

Af = Individual footing area

If  Af => 0.5 A then consider a mat foundation
 Column Loads

Df
Mat
B

Shallow (Mat) Foundation Df < 4B

 Deep Foundation - Piles
Friction Pile End Bearing Pile
Hammer Hammer

Firm Soil Hard Soil / Rock

 Pile Shaft
Hammer
Poured in place fill

Pre bored hole

Deep Foundations
Earth Retaining Systems
Wall System Stabilized Earth System
(external) (internal)
Types of Loads
• Normal Loads, P

• Shear Loads, V

• Moment Loads, M

• Torsion Loads, T (usually negligible)

z

y
z P Normal load
important for buildings

y
z Shear load
important for retaining walls

Vy, Vx
y

Vy
 Moment load
z important for retaining walls
Mx and buildings

y Mx, My
z
Torsion load
usually not significant

T
y
Applied loads induce:

Failure - (collapse/instability)
Design with a generous factor of safety

Movement - (settlement/deformation)
Design to a performance criteria
Uniform settlement, 


Even tilting,  (limit < 1/250)


 s s

As built foundation


D
