Official Report Intro 23

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH
CITY INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING &
MANAGEMENT
Project
IU Merchandise
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY MODEL
GROUP 23
Hoàng Hải Yến – IELSIU19096
Nguyễn Khai Nguyên – IELSIU190218
Huỳnh Bá Thành – IELSIU19068
Nguyễn Văn Phước – ADVISOR: M.Sc. Nguyen Thi My
IELSIU19060 Phạm Bảo Trâm – Hanh Course Name: IS056IU
IELSIU19078
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2/2021
Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh city
International University
School of Industrial Engineering and Management
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our project would not complete without help from many people. We would like to express
our sincere gratitude to them.
Firstly, we want to send our deepest appreciation to our advisor, M.Sc. Nguyen Thi My
Hanh, who gave us valuable ideas and suggestions from the beginning to the end of our
project.
We also thank our teaching assistant – M.Sc. Nguyen Truong Nguyen, whose guidance
contributes significantly to the success of this project.
In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to the Head of Industrial Engineering
Management Department - Dr. Nguyen Van Hop, who has organized this course, thereby
a deep understanding of laser cutting application for us.
Finally, we are highly indebted to Rector – Dr. Tran Tien Khoa for giving us the chance to
challenge ourselves to develop such an innovative topic.
2
ABSTRACT
The exterior design develops step by step daily, along with the high demand of paradigm
for advertising. In addition to unique and latest designs, they have more requirements with
respect to prices, and purposes. Therefore, models with reasonable price and high
precision are highly in need.
Besides, in recent years, the application of lasers in cutting and engraving is becoming
increasingly familiar. The output products usually satisfy the customers with high
precision and quick process. On account of their flexibility and ease-of-use, lasers are a
great tool for test setups and prototypes in education environment.
Our project is the combination of the two above ideas which illustrates the process for
model making using a laser cutting machine. The laser-cutting method is considered as a
cheap, fast, and easy-to-learn way to create a relatively accurate model. And the inspiring
designs that laser technology offers are also ideal for product development in the
architecture industry. Therefore, we believe that this method is useful to exterior design
companies.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 6 1. Problem Statement 6 2. Objectives 6 3.
Advantages 7 4. Scopes and Limitations 7
CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 1. Conceptual design 8 2. Operation
description 8
2.1. Laser cutting machine 8 2.1.1. Main structures used 8 2.1.2: Operation
of the machine 10 2.1.3 Using sequences 10
2.2. LaserCAD 11 2.3. AutoCAD 11 2.3.1. What is AutoCAD? 11 2.3.2
Advantages of AutoCAD 11 3. Methodology 12 3.1. Implementation process
12 3.2. Timeline 14
4
3.3. Bill of materials 14 3.4. Model testing 16 3.4.1. Designing 16 3.4.2. Laser
cutting and engraving 18 4. Products 19 5. Contribution 21 CHAPTER 3:

CONCLUSION 23 REFERENCES 24
5
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1. Problem Statement
The architectural model is a miniature of actual construction and it is an effective tool for
exterior design. It will show detailed design lines sticking to the project's drawings. If
customers can see the prototype with clear colors, structure and true expression of the project
will help them feel more secure when buying products. Besides, because the architectural
model can be simulated in the actual design lines, contractors will understand designers' ideas.
Previously, it took a long time to chisel, engrave, cut to get an architectural model; however,
laser engraving machines and laser cutting machines have been completely replaced with
almost absolute precision at present. They are the ideal tools for creating miniature
architectural models and their application to the architecture industry has become more
popular than ever. Moreover, for designers on graphic software, laser cutters can identify and
be compatible with most of the design files such as CAD, AI, DXF, CDR, EPS files. The
purpose of this project is to apply digital tools and laser technology to designing an
architectural prototype, then we can have benefits which are indisputable and completely
satisfied contractors and designers, helping the project owner to have an overview through
the model.
2. Objectives
- Understand the importance of technology in general and laser-cutting machines in particular
in mass production.
- Familiarize with some design tools for architecture such as Google SketchUp and
AutoCAD. - Understand the purpose of the laser machine and know how to use it to achieve
the desired outcome; observe this machine's launching process.
- Be able to cut multiple precise quantities of measurement, and engraving in high detail using
a laser machine.
- Construct a model to promoting the school image.
- Develop teamwork, time management skills and create trust, commitments and respect
between team members; cultivate close-knit relationships and allow members to recognize
their strength and learn from each other.
6
3. Advantages
- Laser cutting can replace many machining and manual labor, such as certain cutting,
drawing, and measuring steps. This, in turn, would enable us to save effort and money. - Laser
cutting could bring out desirous outcomes when we, for example, carve or cut fabrics by
different patterns. With this method, you can create as many shapes and patterns with high
precision of edges, shapes, and positions as you wish, as long as producers are able to turn
them into inputs.
- Laser-cutting machines work with high productivity by cutting and carving without
spending too much time on calculating and measuring. As a result, it can save money, time,
and labor force.
- When cutting, the machine has very little classical mechanical effects on materials; hence, it
makes almost no changes to their conditions.
- Moreover, application of digital design in 3D modeling helps us see if the object created as
intended to compared to the orginal vision.
4. Scopes and Limitations

- Using machine cutting requires a certain knowledge of design sketching as well as using
design software.
- Industry Laser Cutting Machine is unaffordable, a piece of professional equipment would
cost about $5000 - $20,000.
- Included Software often offers short creative features; therefore, users usually transfer the
sketch from CAD software but some problems may occur due to software compatibility. -
Setting the power and the speed at the inappropriate figures may lead to materials being
combusted.
7
CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1. Conceptual design
Owing to the high demand of paradigm for advertising and the popularity of laser cutting
machine in recent years, our project is established focused on making a model mainly
using laser technology. Moreover, on account of the adoption of computation in the
building industry, there has been a great requirement for the development of a range of
digital tools intended for design. Therefore, we decided to represent a smaller scale
structure of a building by constructing 3D model through modeling software (SketchUp
and AutoCAD). Besides, with the vision of making an architect that has to be both
familiar with International University students and promote the school image, our group
reached a conclusion to make a 1:125 scale model of International University as our final
product.
Figure 1: IPO diagram
2. Operation description
2.1. Laser cutting machine
2.1.1. Main structures used
Despite numerous sophisticated structures inside the machine, only mainly
used parts are listed out.
- Four Turn-on switches:
• Power switch
• Laser switch 1 (to turn on laser beam)
• Laser switch 2 (to turn on laser beam and lights)
8
• Exhaust switch
- Lights
- Propeller to vacuum leftover dust
- Laser cutting structures:
• Lenses and mirrors
• Bar to manage the laser nozzle and laser nozzle
• Adjusting buttons table:
9
2.1.2: Operation of the machine

The parallel rays of coherent lights from the laser source often fall in the
range between 0.06-0.08 inches (1.5-2.0mm) in diameter. This beam is normally
focused and intensified by a lens or a mirror to a very small spot of about 0.01
inches (0.025mm) to create a very intense laser beam. In order to achieve the
smoothest possible finish during contour cutting, the direction of beam
polarization must be rotated as it goes around the periphery of a contoured
workpiece. For sheet metal cutting, the focal length is usually 1.5-3 inches
(38-76mm).
2.1.3 Using sequences

1. Turn on 3 first buttons.
2. Reset the machine and set the first origin to be the right corner.
3. Put sample onto the metal plate.
4. Download desired design from LaserCAD to the machine.
5. Use arrow keys and “Origin” button to set the origin of the design.
6. Estimate the real width and length of the design by button “Box”.
7. Close the machine’s lid.
8. Set origin for the design by the “Origin” button and arrow keys. Tap the “Laser”
button to see the laser point of origin.
9. Tap “Start” to start the design. “Stop” or “Pause” to accidentally stop the work.
** Set focal point: use a specialized ruler to measure appropriate focal
points:
As in the picture above, the beam needs to meet each other at the focal point for
the most sharpening final laser point, otherwise, the lights will be flattened and
10
create a rough laser point as a result. Carefully measuring the distance from the
nozzle to the sample will reduce the chances of damaging products and visually
complete the result.
2.2. LaserCAD
LaserCAD is a laser motion control software running under Windows and
compatible with multiple graphics formats such as AI, PLT, DXF, NC, and those
developed by CorelDraw, AutoCAD, and Mastcam as well as LaserCAD.
Some functions available in LaserCAD:
- Customize starting point, route and parking point

- USB or network connection
- Compatible with CorelDraw and AutoCAD
- Rotary engraving
- Working process and accuracy setting
- Real-time tracking
2.3. AutoCAD
2.3.1. What is AutoCAD?
AutoCAD, developed by Autodesk corporation, is one of the first
engineering drawing programs that works on personal computers. It was
published in 1982 for blueprints with vectors in 2D or 3D form. AutoCAD is
used in many industries by many professionals such as architects, engineers and
project managers.
2.3.2 Advantages of AutoCAD

- Drawing files of AutoCAD are enabled to save on any storage media or can be
uploaded to cloud storages, which give easy access anywhere with an internet
connection.
- AutoCAD helps design and create in 3D with colors, texture and surfaces and
easy to imagine the final product.
- It has inbuilt tools allowing users to change the drawing effortlessly, and also
allow saving the drawing before being modified.
11
- It has various tools for drawing to give users a much faster way to create their
projects.
- AutoCAD enables you to draw with fractional dimensions and also define
precision to any number of decimal places.
3. Methodology
3.1. Implementation process
Figure 3.1: Process flow diagram for making IU model.

12
As soon as we assigned the topic, we discussed with each other to form ideas for
the project and then described our ideas as well as plans for this project to our advisor.
Next, we gained foundation knowledge about some electronic devices and went to the
Lab room for studying how the Laser cutting machine operates and the techniques
required to use the machine safely.
After the idea was agreed and the plan was developed under the help of our
advisor, we came to the final decision on making the IU Model in 1:125 scale. In the
second week, we started measuring the dimensions of the school and then drawing these
surfaces in 2D (for preparing components) using AutoCAD and constructing virtual
models in 3D (for assembling components) using SketchUp. At the same time, we also
discussed what materials to use to give the best quality and the most realistic look.
Finally, we came to the agreement on using acrylic as the main material. Specifically, the
white acrylic represents the walls due to its dimensional stability and rigidity; clear acrylic
for the glass window, which allows us to illustrate internal conditions in terms of
lightning. After three week of virtual drawing, we finished designing and were ready to
buy all the essential materials according to the scaled size and quality.
As soon as the materials were all prepared, we first familiarized ourselves with the
cutting machine by trying cutting some sample acrylic sheets to have the precise power
and speed for both modes (engraving and cutting).
Each component of the model (roof plane, exterior walls, ground plan, etc.) was
cut out, then each piece was assembled and glued to form the final model. However, after
the ground layers and exterior walls have been glued into place, we added lightning to
illuminate the building. Before soldering leads, we test one by one circuit on a 12V DC
power supply or from a 9V battery to make sure the system works well. And then gluing
the roof plane to have the final model. At the same time, we “colored” the model by
applying decals on the walls.
After three weeks of delaying for final exam revision, we continuely added name,
logo and some basic decorations around to bring the scene alive. Despite various
obstacles, we finally finished our project, thanks to the help of our professors, advisors
and the attempts of every member of the team.
13
3.2. Timeline
15/9: Topic assigned
20/9: Meeting between group members for forming idea and making plan
Designing and making Report and presentation process
25/9: Learn how to use Laser cutting machine 26/9: 21/1: First draft of the report was
Measure the size of A1 and A2 buildings and done 25/1: Final report submitted
choose main material
26/9 – 17/10: Design of IU Model on AutoCAD
and SketchUp was ready
18/10: Buy essential materials for making the
model 19/10 – 23/11: Cutting acrylic sheets and
buying additional materials (lights, electronic
wires, etc) 27/11 – 5/12: Finish assembling
components and applying decals
5/12 – 22/12: Finish setting lights
12/1 – 21/1: Finish adding name, logo, decorations
3.3. Bill of materials

Name Quantity Total cost
White acrylic sheet 2 x (1189cm x 841cm) 600 000 VND
Clear acrylic sheet 2 x (595cm x 420cm) 548 000 VND
Super glue 2 tubes 28 000 VND
Decals 1 set 160 000 VND
Lights 4 sets 96 000 VND

Decorations 1 set 340 000 VND
Foam board 594mm × 841mm 60 000 VND
14
Figure 3.3.1: Acrylic components
15
3.4. Model testing

3.4.1. Designing
Figure 3.1: The front sketch of International University model

Figure 3.2: The side sketch of International University model
16
Figure 3.3: The roof sketch of International University model

Figure 3.4: The base sketch of International University model
17
3.4.2. Laser cutting and engraving

Time Products Cutting Engraving Succee Fail Errors
s d
Speed Power Speed Power
1 White 15 95 x Acrylic sheet

acrylic got burnt and
sheet not
separate by part
2 13 90 x Acrylic still got

burnt and not
separate by part
3 13 85 x Acrylic not
separate by part
4 9 85 x Successful
5 Clear 20 85 30 50 x Cutting: Pieces

acrylic are not separate
sheet Engraving:
power still
remained too
high
6 14 85 25 40 x Cutting:
Successful
Engraving:
power was still
a bit high.
7 14 85 25 35 x Successful
18
4. Products
Figure 4.1: Front view of International University model

Figure 4.2: Isometric view of International University model
19
Figure 4.3: Top view of International University model with lights

Figure 4.4: Isometric view of International University model with lights
20
Figure 4.5: Top view of International University model

Figure 4.6: Miniature koi pond of International University model
21
5. Contribution
Seq. Full name Student ID Contribution Score
(100% per person)
1 Hoàng Hải Yến IELSIU19096 100%
2 Nguyễn Khai Nguyên IELSIU19218 100%
3 Huỳnh Bá Thành IELSIU19096 100%
4 Nguyễn Văn Phước IELSIU19060 100%
5 Phạm Bảo Trâm IELSIU19078 100%
22
CHAPTER 3: CONCLUSION
After 16 weeks of working together, our group has finally succeeded in making and
decorating the IU model . The aim of the project was to gain accomplishment from industrial
system engineering, especially the laser cutting machine. Thanks to this opportunity and
whole - hearted support from teachers, all our members have had precious skills and
functional knowledge not only on Logistics or Managing but also on team-work.
Below are some specific advantages when using our team’s products:
• Material: Stained glass Mica is the option we choose to build the frame of the
model. In addition, we use decal paper.
• Inexpensive.
• Unique: The first International University model which is made by ISE students.
• Precise , fashionable and long service life.
• Easy to preserve: Mica is a water-resistant material, hence people can clean most of
the liquid stains, or dust.
Besides, there are some unavoidable disadvantages and limitations:
• Require knowledge of designing: An amount of knowledge is required to design a
mini version of IU, estimate materials, use the correct method for the model, make
sure the harmony of color, develop designs that maintain positive aesthetics and
preciseness ratio of the university.
• Not easy to set up the machine: Setting the Power and the Speed at the inappropriate
figures may lead to materials being combusted or the engraving patterns being vague.
• When our teams sticked every parts of the model, there is small standard deviation
between joints which lead to the model is ample somewhere.
• Have to re-apply the glue at a certain time for preserving the structure.
To recapitulate, firstly, using laser cut machines makes the model easier, faster, and more
economical in large quantities. Secondly, the application of laser-cutting brings about high
preciseness and desirous outcomes. Last but not least, IU Model is the project that our groups
give efforts not only for the Introduction to Logistics and Supply Chain Management course,
but also for showing respect to our university.
23
REFERENCES
1. LabIEM. (2021). Retrieved 21 January 2021, from
https://iem.hcmiu.edu.vn/lab/public/index.php/detail/25?fbclid=IwAR1TXBpw6xjfW8z
1 91SvpV4O7pMQX2ES7eF9JpZljmTasoZOnF9L4lVDiF8
2. Pandey, J. (2021). Free AutoCAD Tutorial series | learn from basics to advance level.
Retrieved 21 January 2021, from https://www.thesourcecad.com/autocad-tutorials/ 3.
Getting Started in SketchUp | SketchUp Help. (2021). Retrieved 21 January 2021, from
https://help.sketchup.com/en/sketchup/getting-started-sketchup
4. How to Get Started With Laser Cutting? - Beginners Guide - Maker Design Lab. (2021).
Retrieved 21 January 2021, from https://makerdesignlab.com/tutorials-tips/laser-cutting
beginners-guide/
5. User, S. (2021). [Sơn Băng] - Bảng báo giá tấm nhựa mica năm 2020. Retrieved 21
January 2021, from http://www.sonbanggroup.com/tin-tuc-qc/322-bang-bao-gia-tam
nhua-mica-nam-2015.html https://www.thesourcecad.com/autocad-tutorials/
6. International University (Vietnam National University HCM City). (2021). Retrieved 21
January 2021, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/138749744@N06/with/26458762614/
24

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH

CITY INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Advantages 7 4. Scopes and Limitations 7

CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 8 1. Conceptual design 8 2. Operation

of the machine 10 2.1.3 Using sequences 10

2.2. LaserCAD 11 2.3. AutoCAD 11 2.3.1. What is AutoCAD? 11 2.3.2

Advantages of AutoCAD 11 3. Methodology 12 3.1. Implementation process

cutting and engraving 18 4. Products 19 5. Contribution 21 CHAPTER 3:

4. Scopes and Limitations

CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Figure 1: IPO diagram

• Bar to manage the laser nozzle and laser nozzle

• Adjusting buttons table:

2.1.2: Operation of the machine

2.1.3 Using sequences

** Set focal point: use a specialized ruler to measure appropriate focal

Some functions available in LaserCAD:

- Customize starting point, route and parking point

2.3.2 Advantages of AutoCAD

Figure 3.1: Process flow diagram for making IU model.

Designing and making Report and presentation process

3.3. Bill of materials

White acrylic sheet 2 x (1189cm x 841cm) 600 000 VND

Clear acrylic sheet 2 x (595cm x 420cm) 548 000 VND

Super glue 2 tubes 28 000 VND

Decals 1 set 160 000 VND

Lights 4 sets 96 000 VND

Foam board 594mm × 841mm 60 000 VND

3.4. Model testing

Figure 3.1: The front sketch of International University model

Figure 3.3: The roof sketch of International University model

3.4.2. Laser cutting and engraving

1 White 15 95 x Acrylic sheet

2 13 90 x Acrylic still got

5 Clear 20 85 30 50 x Cutting: Pieces

Figure 4.1: Front view of International University model

Figure 4.3: Top view of International University model with lights

Figure 4.5: Top view of International University model

1 Hoàng Hải Yến IELSIU19096 100%

2 Nguyễn Khai Nguyên IELSIU19218 100%

3 Huỳnh Bá Thành IELSIU19096 100%

4 Nguyễn Văn Phước IELSIU19060 100%

5 Phạm Bảo Trâm IELSIU19078 100%

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