Grace College of Education

Padanthalumoodu
Pedagogy of Mathematics

Presented by
Reeja.R

Roll No:79
Skill of Reinforcement
Definition - skill of Reinforcement

 The skill of reinforcement refers to the effective

use of reinforces. While teaching, a teacher ask
questions and students replies it with correct
answer.
( Reinforcement is one of the most powerful ways
teachers can encourage good behaviour)
Components

1. Positive verbal reinforcement

2. Positive non verbal reinforcement
3. Negative verbal statement
4. Negative verbal statement
5. Wrong use of reinforcement
6. In appropriate use of reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement in the Classroom

 Teachers and other school personnel often use positive reinforcement

in the classroom. It's a way to get students to learn the rules and
maintain motivation at school. Here are some examples of positive
reinforcement in action:
 Students get to move their peg up the chart whenever assignments
are completed on time.
 Students who volunteer to clean up the playground on a winter
afternoon get hot cocoa and cookies afterward.
 Students who stay quiet in the library get praise from the librarian.
1. Positive verbal reinforcement

 When the student give correct response for a

question the teacher has to give reinforcement such as
good, very good, well done, excellent, etc.
Positive verbal reinforcement
2. Positive nonverbal reinforcement

 The teacher may give non verbal reinforcement

expressing happiness or with the help of body language.
Teacher should use more positive reinforces so that the
student participation is maximum in teaching activities.
 It includes non-verbal expressions like nodes and smiles,
moving towards the responding pupil, giving a friendly
look, writing pupils response on backward and any other
nonverbal action indicating pleasure at pupil’s response.
Positive nonverbal reinforcement
Negative reinforcement

 Teachers can use negative reinforcement to

motivate students and change their behavior. For
example, a teacher can eliminate that
night's homework if kids study hard and accomplish
a lot in class. If this happens multiple times, the kids
will consistently work harder and be more
productive while in the classroom.
3. Negative verbal statement

 Teacher should avoid using these type of

negative verbal reinforces namely, I don’t
like you, stop it, nonsense, you won’t
improve, you will fail in the examination etc.
Negative verbal statement

Idiot,
Stop it,
Idiot You won’t
improve

Stop it
4. Negative non verbal statement

 Teacher should not use these type of non

verbal negative reinforces such as facial
expression like frowning, sadness, moving
away from responding student, looking
angrily etc.
5. Wrong use of reinforcement

 When a student gives even wrong

answer to a question, few teachers use
reinforcement as usual wrongly.
 Includes instances where no
reinforcement was given, but could
have been given.
6. Inappropriate use of reinforcement

 Teacher should not use reinforces in a

delayed manner or using it always. Using the
above type of reinforcement affect the
learning and decrease the motivation of the
students.
Inappropriate use of reinforcement

 Includes encouragement remarks made not

according to the quality of the response,
using same type of reinforce for every
response.