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Part I : Create a hypothesis, figure out the time between dots at constant velocity (see Part I sheet)
PURPOSE: To observe the motion of a toy car, create and analyze position versus time and velocity versus
time graphs of this motion (extra credit acceleration-time).
HYPOTHESIS: You need to write what you think will happen in terms of the motion of the car, as well as
what your position and time graph and velocity and time graph will look like when completed.
My hypothesis:
PROCEDURE:
****DO NOT USE TICKER TAPE WITH TIMER YET!!!****
DATA/RESULTS:
1. Use the data table with the following headings. Make sure to understand/read carefully what each
column asks for data input… collaborate with your group.
2. If you’re at 60Hz, on your length of ticker tape, count and mark off every 6th dot.
3. The ticker timer makes 60 dots per second. Therefore, the time recorded in the data table
should be tenths of a second (0.0s = dot #1, 0.1s = dot #6, 0.2s = dot #12, etc).
4. Figure out your UNITS of measurement and look at the diagram below:
Example:
Time (t) Position (x)
0.00 0.00 (d0)
0.10 2.54 (d1)
0.20 6.73 (d2)
0.30 10.28 (d3)
… …
5. Using a meter stick, (if you used 60Hz) measure the length from the first dot to the 6th dot.
Record the length in the position column of your table.
6. Then measure the length from the first dot to the 12th dot. Record. Repeat the process for
every 6th dot, always measuring from the first dot. This is recorded in the position column of your
table.
The Total Distance Measured/Time (Dot Time Period from Part I) = Average Velocity
Use instantaneous velocities (see reading below for description). Make sure you show these
tangents (use different colors help to make it clear)! Remember to show sample calculations
for this.
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READ THE FOLLOWING:
There is a special thing called instantaneous velocity. That's the velocity at a split
second in time. Above, we were talking about your speed and direction over a long
period of time. Why would you need to measure a velocity at one moment? Think
about the moment you drove over the manhole. It's important to know if you were
going 1 km/hr when you drove over the manhole, or 60 km/hr. It wouldn't help you to
know that your average speed was 30 km/hr.
The term "instantaneous" refers to something physicists call a limit. Scientists "limit" the amount of
time they do the measurement. When the "limit" moves to zero, that limit is one tiny moment in time. A
physicist would measure your velocity as the "limit for a period of time", zero, to get the instantaneous
velocity.
Extra credit!
From the velocity-time graph or from your data table, create an acceleration-time graph.
Show your work for how you calculated your acceleration.
Analyze the graph/explain what your graphs means.
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Part IV Analyzing Graphs
POSITION-TIME GRAPH:
VELOCITY-TIME GRAPH:
8. According to the velocity-time graph, are there any segments when the car was undergoing
uniform acceleration (constant)? How can you tell?
9. Calculate the average acceleration for any segments that appear to be uniform.
10. Describe any other useful information you gathered from analyzing the graphs.
Part V - CONCLUSION
(Written in paragraph form or numbered are both acceptable. Handwritten neatly is acceptable,
typed is extra points on the rubric.)
1. A great way to begin your conclusion is by writing a few sentences about what we are/were
studying in class that DIRECTLY relates to the experiment. Be specific.
2. Describe the observed motion of your pull back car.
3. Compare how this observed motion relates to shapes of the curves and the calculated velocities
and accelerations on the graphs.
4. Why are position-time graphs and velocity-time graphs useful for the study of motion?
5. What are the limitations of these graphs?
6. Explain any problems encountered during the experiment that could account for errors in the data.
Include uncertainty of measurement somewhere on your data table (1/2 the smallest increment
on your measurement tool +/- all your data points).
7. Describe any changes you would make to this lab in the future.
8. Describe how you can use the information learned in the experiment in the real world.
9. Feel free to add any other comments you feel are relevant to the lab ( extra effort).
This lab procedure sheet – your name/hypothesis should be on top (include the Part I
instructions)
Attach position-time, velocity-time graphs (acceleration-time for Extra Credit)
Analyses for each graph
Conclusion Questions
Rubric