ASSIGMENT A2 1

ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET

STUDENT DETAILS

Student name: Lê Nhựt Tiến Student ID number: 31211026235

UNIT AND TUTORIAL DETAILS

Unit name: Unit number:

Tutorial/Lecture: Statistic for Business Class day and time:
Lecturer or Tutor name: Lê Văn Chơn

ASSIGNMENT DETAILS

Title: Assignment 2
Length: Due date: 5/1/2022 Date submitted: 5/1/2022

DECLARATION

I hold a copy of this assignment if the original is lost or damaged.

I hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been copied from any other student’s work
or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made in the assignment.
I hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been submitted by me in another
(previous or current) assessment, except where appropriately referenced, and with prior permission
from the Lecturer / Tutor / Unit Coordinator for this unit.
No part of the assignment/product has been written/ produced for me by any other person except
where collaboration has been authorised by the Lecturer / Tutor /Unit Coordinator concerned.
I am aware that this work may be reproduced and submitted to plagiarism detection software programs
for the purpose of detecting possible plagiarism (which may retain a copy on its database for future
plagiarism checking).

Student’s signature:

Note: An examiner or lecturer / tutor has the right to not mark this assignment if the above declaration has
not been signed.
ASSIGMENT A2 2

CHAPTER 6

6.26

a) P( x = 8 ) = 0.68 ≈ 0.0168

b) P( x ≥ 5) = P( x = 5 ) + P( x = 6 ) + P( x =7 ) + P( x= 8 )

= 𝐶85 𝑥 0.65 𝑥0.43 - 𝐶86 𝑥 0.66 𝑥0.42 - 𝐶87 𝑥 0.67 𝑥0.41 - 𝐶88 𝑥 0.68 𝑥0.40 ≈ 0.5941

c) P( x ≥ 5) = P( x = 5 ) + P( x = 6 ) + P( x =7 ) + P( x= 8 )

= 𝐶85 𝑥 0.65 𝑥0.43 - 𝐶86 𝑥 0.66 𝑥0.42 - 𝐶87 𝑥 0.67 𝑥0.41 - 𝐶88 𝑥 0.68 𝑥0.40 ≈ 0.5941

d) Mean = n x 𝜋 = 8 x 0.6 = 4.8

standard deviation = √𝑛 x π x ( 1 − π ) = √8 x 0.6 x (1 − 0.6) = 1.3856

e) Skewed to the left because 𝜋 = 0.6 > 0.5

PDF sketch
0.3

0.25

0.2
Probability

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

6.39

a) The order occurs randomly and they are independent of each other.

𝑒 −λ xλ𝑥
b) P( X = x ) = 𝑥!
ASSIGMENT A2 3

𝑒 −1.4 x1.40 𝑒 −1.4 x1.41

P( X ≥ 2 ) = 1 – P( X=0 ) – P( X=1 ) = 1 - - ≈ 0.40816
0! 1!

𝑒 −1.4 x1.40
c) P( X = 0 ) = ≈ 0.2466
0!

d) PDF P( X = x ): excel = POISSON.DIST(x, λ ,false)

Poission PDF P( X = x)
0.4
0.35
0.3
Probability

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
x

Skewed to the right

6.77

𝜋 = 0.9

a) P( X=10 ) = 𝜋10 = 0.910 ≈ 0.3486

b) n = 11; 𝜋 = 0.9

𝑛! 11!
P( X ≤ 10 ) = 1 – P( X = 11 ) = 1 - 𝑥!(𝑛−𝑥)! x 𝜋 𝑥 x ( 1 − 𝜋 )𝑛−𝑥 =1 - 11!(11−11)! x 0.911

x ( 1 − 0.9 )11−11= 1 – 0.31381 = 0.68619

c) N = the number of passengers will be bumped

̅ = 1 ) – P( 𝑁
More than one passenger will be bumped  P( 2 ≤N≤ 10) = 1 – P( 𝑁 ̅=0)
ASSIGMENT A2 4

10! 10!
= 1 - 1!(10−1)! x 0.11 x ( 1 − 0.1 )10−1 - 0!(10−0)! x 0.10 x ( 1 − 0.1 )10−0 = 0.2639

d) P( X ≥ 10 ) ≥ 0.95 ⟺ 1 - P( 0 ≤ x ≤ 9 ) ≥ 0.95 ⟺ 0.05 ≥ P( 0 ≤ X ≤ 9 )

𝑛!
⟺ 0.05 ≥ ∑90 𝑥!(𝑛−𝑥)! x 0.9𝑥 x 0.1𝑛−𝑥 ⟺ n ≥ 13

They would sell at least 13 seats to ensure 95% chance that the flight will be full

CHAPTER 7

7.37

𝜇 = 6.9; 𝜎 = 1.2

𝑋− 𝜇 8−6.9
a) Standardize Z= = = 0.92
𝜎 1.2

Look up CDF table: P ( Z < 0.92 ) = 0.8212

𝑋−6.9
b) 90th percentile  Z = 1.282  = 1.282  X ≈ 8.44
1.2

𝑋−6.9
= −1.96 𝑋 = 4.548
1.2
c) 95th percentile ⟹ Z =± 1.96 ⟹ [ 𝑋−6.9 ⇔[
= 1.96 𝑋 = 9.252
1.2

⟹ 4.548≤ 𝑋 ≤ 9.252

7.60

λ = 0.5

a) P( X ≤ 𝑥) = 1 − 𝑒 −λ x 𝑥

P( X > 𝑥 ) = 0.5 ⇔ 1 – P( X ≤ 𝑥 ) = 0.5 ⇔ 1 – ( 1 − 𝑒 −λ x 𝑥 ) = 0.5 ⇔ 𝑒 −λ x 𝑥 = 0.5

ln(0.5) − 0.693
⇔ - λ 𝑥 = ln(0.5) ⇔ 𝑥 = = ≈ 1.386
−λ −0.5

The median waiting time until the next alarm is approx 1.386 minutes
ASSIGMENT A2 5

b) P( X ≤ 𝑥) = 1 − 𝑒 −λ x 𝑥 = 0.25 ⇔ 𝑒 −λ x 𝑥 = 0.75
ln(0.75) − 0.287
⇔ - λ 𝑥 = ln(0.75) ⇔ 𝑥 = = ≈ 0.575
−λ −0.5

Find the first quartile of waiting time before the next alarm is aprox 0.575 minutes

c) P( X ≤ 𝑥) = 1 − 𝑒 −λ x 𝑥 = 0.3 ⇔ 𝑒 −λ x 𝑥 = 0.7
ln(0.7) − 0.356
⇔ - λ 𝑥 = ln(0.7) ⇔ 𝑥 = = ≈ 0.713
−λ −0.5

The 30th percentile waiting time until the next alarm is approx 0.713

CHAPTER 8

8.4

a) 𝜇 = 0.9480; σ = 0.0060; n = 35
f𝛼 = 1 − 0.95 = 0.05
Z 1 − 𝛼/2 = ± 1.96
Confidence Interval = ( 𝜇 - Z 1 − 𝛼/2 x √𝜎𝑛 ; 𝜇 + Z 1 − 𝛼/2 x √𝜎𝑛 )
0.006 0.006
⟺ 95% Confidence interval = (0.948 − 1.96 ; 0.948 + 1.96 ) = (0.946; 0.950)
√35 √35

b) The sampling distribution of 𝑋̅ is normally distributed, and has a symmetrical bell

shape
The center 𝜇 = 0.948 and the spread = upper bound – lower bound = 0.95 – 0,946 = 0.04
c) The Theorem used is Central Limit Theorem
8.16

a) The shape of distribution of 𝑋̅ is the same as the shape as the normal distribution because n

≥ 30

b) 𝑋̅ = 36.4 ; n = 40 ; 𝜎 = 14.5
𝛼 = 1 − 0.99  Z1 − 𝛼/2 = 2.576
𝜎 𝜎
Confidence Interval = ( 𝑋̅ - Z1 − 𝛼/2 x ; 𝑋̅ + Z1 − 𝛼/2 x )
√𝑛 √𝑛
14.5 14.5
⟺ 95% Confidence interval = (36.4 − 2.576 ; 36.4 + 2.576 ) = ( 30.49; 42.31)
√40 √40
ASSIGMENT A2 6

8.23

n = 21 ; 𝑠 = 27.79 ; 𝑋̅ = 45.66
a) 𝛼 = 1 − 0.95 = 0.05
Look up t table with the level = n -1 = 20  t1 − 𝛼/2 = t97.5% = 2.086
𝑠 𝑠
Confidence Interval = (𝑋̅ − t1 − 𝛼/2 x ; 𝑋̅ + t1 − 𝛼/2 x )
√ 𝑛 √𝑛
27.79 27.79
⟺ 95% Confidence interval = (45.66 − 2.086 ; 45.66 + 2.086 ) = (33.01;58.31)
√21 √21

b) The confidence interval could be made narrower by decreasing the margin of error
(>95%)
𝑠
Margin of error = t1 − 𝛼/2 x
√𝑛

 there are two ways to decrease the margin of error those are:
 Decrease t by decreasing the percentage of confidence interval ( > 95% )
𝑠
 Decrease 𝑛 by increasing n ( > 21 )
√

CHAPTER 9

9.18

a) Ho = 140 mg; H1 ≠ 140mg

𝑋̅ − 𝜇 139.4−140
b) Test statistic: Zcalc = 𝜎 / = = - 1.3416
𝑛
√ 2/√20

c) Look up CDF table  Z95% = 1.645

Z𝑋̅ ≤ 1.645  Reject the null hypothesis at 10% level.

d) P-value =2 x 𝑃( 𝑍 ≥ 1.3416 ) ≈ 0.179

9.39

H0: 𝜇 ≥ 216 H1: 𝜇 < 216.

𝑋̅ − 𝜇 209−216
Tcalc= = = −2.408
𝑠 / √𝑛 13 /√20

𝛼 = 1 − 0.95 = 0.05 ; df = n – 1 = 19
ASSIGMENT A2 7

Look up t distribution table C = 1.729

T < C  reject H0 at 5% level

a) P-Value = P( T < -|Tcalc| ) = P( T < - 2.408 ) = 0.0132

Excel: =T.DIST.2T(2.408;19) / 2 = 0.0132