Problem Set 6 Fall 20

D17S74 is a locus from chromosome 17 that can be tested at the DNA level to see if
people have DNA differences. We will call ‘D’ one version of this DNA locus and
‘d’ the other. Family members whose mothers had ovarian cancer were tested for
their D,d genotype. Their diagnosis for ovarian cancer was also determine. Data
from two families is below.
Both Families: mothers were Dd and fathers were dd and it was assumed the mother
could pass on an allele for higher ovarian cancer risk to half of her daughters.
FAMILY A FAMILY B
DNA test Numb DNA test Numb
and cancer er and cancer er
status status
Dd ; no cancer 8 Dd ; no cancer 28
Dd: ovarian cancer 12 Dd: ovarian cancer 1
dd: no cancer 8 dd: no cancer 3
dd: ovarian cancer 14 dd: ovarian cancer 31
42 63
1a. Which of the families appear to have an ovarian cancer predisposition gene linked
with the D17S74 locus?
Family A Family B Both Neither
ANSWER: FAMILY A
RATIONALE: It is shown in the diagram that family A had a higher number of people with
ovarian cancer in the Dd genotype. This means that only one copy of the D version of the DNA
locus could make them develop ovarian cancer. Compare this with family B who had a higher
number of ovarian cancers in dd. So this means that they need 2 copies of the d version of the
DNA locus before they could develop ovarian cancer.
1b. Based on the data, show how you would estimate that there are about 6 map units between
the D,d and the ovarian cancer locus?
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1. Making predictions based on mapped DNA locus markers.
In the 1990s DNA difference detection methods started to become reliable technology so
women who were from families where breast or ovarian cancer was common could be
tested. The tests did not detect differences in the genes causing cancer, but test for genes
LINKED to the cancer causing genes.
a. B is the allele for breast/ovarian cancer and b is the normal allele for low
cancer risk. If you are a woman and your mother is Bb and your
father is bb, what is the chance that you will be high risk for breast/ovarian
cancer?
Assume that there is six map units between the B,b breast/ovarian cancer locus and the
D,d DNA locus marker on chromosome 17. A woman decides to have a DNA test done
to predict the chance she has high or normal risk of cancer.
The woman’s mother is BD / bd and her father is bbdd. The conduct the test on the D,d
DNA marker locus and determine she is the genotype dd.
b. Is this result (the dd genotype) good news or bad news?
ANSWER. The dd genotype is the good result. This is the good news because she has a chance
but very rare to matches with the DNA of the parents.
c. Use the diagram below to show why there is a 6% chance that this woman
will have a high risk for breast/ovarian cancer. How could they conduct a
DNA test that provides a better prediction?
.
BD Bd Bd bd
BD BBDD BBDd BbDD BbDd
Bd BBDd BBdd BbDd Bbdd
bD BbDD BbDd bbDD bbDd
bd BbDd Bbdd bbdD bbdd
According to the Punnett square, there are only 6% individual because they occur in the
ratio of the 9:3:3:1.
Hence, there is only 1 individual out of 16. So, the percentage would be =
100 × 1/16 = 6%
d. Why does finding the gene lead to more accurate genetic testing?
e. Additional mapping studies were conducted to discover which gene mapped to
chromosome 17 might be the breast cancer gene. Based on the data below, which is the
likely candidate….ie the tested gene is actually the one causing cancer. Cross was parent
with cancer Er / eR
DNA damage repair enzyme offspring RARA (R,r) Offspring

(E,e)
Ee ; no cancer 0 Rr ; no cancer 28
Ee: breast/ovarian cancer 29 Rr: breast/ovarian 1
cancer
ee: no cancer 31 rr: no cancer 3
ee: breast/ovarian cancer 0 rr: breast/ ovarian cancer 28
60 60
ANSWER: The genes that are causing the cancer are the :
 Gene E
 Gene r
RATIONALE:
1. Gene R doesn't cause Cancer and it is dominant over r and that's why when
present in heterozygous condition, it doesn't cause the cancer.
2. Gene r cause the cancer but it is recessive, it is able to express itself only when
present homozygously.
3. Gene E cause cancer and is dominant and that's why able to express itself even
in the heterozygous condition.
4. Gene e doesn't cause cancer because it show no traits of cancer even when
present homozygous Ly.
2. Color Blindness. Color blindness is not a disease but is an X-linked trait. The
gene for color blindness is recessive (b) and the normal color vision allele is
dominant (B). Geneticists find women who are heterozygous at the A,a; B,b and
I, i loci and all have the same arrangement of these genes on their X
chromosome. They determine the phenotypes among the 248 sons of these
trihybrid women to generate the following data.
Trihybrid women’s
gametes Number AB BI AI
ABI 8
Abi 84
AbI 24
Abi 2
aBI 4
aBi 34
abI 82
Abi 10
4a. Draw a map representing the distances between the A, B and I loci.
The B locus will towards the alprot syndrome.
4b. Use the above mapping data
to place the B locus (blindness)
on map to the right if the A locus
is ALD and the I locus is SCID.
The correct gene order will be AIB when we calculate using the gene frequency so. We already
know the location of A and I. So the B will be away from the A and I. So it will be near to the I
4c. Based on your chromosomal

map to the left, explain why the
hemophilia A trait is independent
of the DMD trait, even though
the genes controlling these traits
are on the same chromosome.
Both genes are not linked.

Rationale: At any chromosome there are multiple genes that are present. But not only gene express together.
gene of DMD and haemophilia A are very far apart so both these genes are not linked and are independent of
4.
5. Gene mapping in soybean
Backstory: Thousands of acres in Nebraska have high pH soils. Some soybean

genotypes grow very poorly in these soils because of iron chlorosis. There is Fe in the
soil, but the soybean plant cannot extract it in high pH. Some genotypes have the
ability to grow well in these high pH soils. There is a mysterious gene that controls this
ability.
Teams of breeders and geneticists like the UNL team above work together to learn more
about this gene. Mapping this gene can help the breeder make selections and eventually
help soybean geneticists discover the gene.
Use the data below to map. F,f is the high pH tolerance gene. Plants that are F_ tolerate
the high pH (are green), ff plants get the Fe deficiency phenotype. A,a; B,b; D,d, E,e and
G,g loci are known DNA markers.
Determine the map units between the A,a; B,b; D,d, E,e and G,g loci to generate a map
in order to find the best marker for the F locus.
The map units between A,a is 3 units
The map units between B,b is 2 units
The map units between D,d is 4 units
The map units between E,e is 5 units
The map units between the G,g is 2 units
RATIONALE:
The map units can be calculated as, suppose the map unit between A and B Is 4 units.
Now the map unit between the B and C is 6 units.
Then the distance between the A and C units is = Map unit between A and B + Map unit
between B and C
Distance between the A and C units is = 6 + 4 units
Distance between the A and C units is 10 units.
5A. Cross #1 AaBbFf X aabbff
Gamete from the trihybrid:
ABF 48
ABf 168
AbF 2
Abf 282
aBF 286
aBf 4
abF 166
abf 44
Map the A,a ; B,b and F,f loci:
5b. Cross #2 EeFf X eeff
Gamete from the dihybrid:

EF 23
Ef 227
eF 233
ef 17
500
Map distance between the E,e and F,f loci:
Other mapping studies were done when the plants could not be scored for the F,f Fe
chlorosis trait.
5c. Cross #3 EG / eg X eegg

EG 289
eG 11
Eg 10
eg 290
600
5c. distance = recombinant offspring/ total x 100

= 21/600 x 100
= 3.5
Map distance between the E,e and G,g loci: 5d.
Cross #3 Bg / bG X bbgg

BG 91
eG 206
Eg 214
eg 89
600
5d. distance = recombinant offspring/ total x 100
= 509/600 x 100
= 84.3
Map distance between the B,b and G,g loci
5e. Draw a map of these loci and indicate the interval where you would expect to find the
candidate gene for Fe uptake in high pH.
5f. Which DNA marker will most help a plant breeder select for high pH tolerance even
in normal pH soils where they cannot score the
5. The Y chromosome has some genes.
6a. Why it would be difficult to determine a linkage map for most of the loci on the Y
chromosome? Use the term “crossing-over” in your answer.
Y chromosomes cannot participate in recombination and crossovers which makes the

genes easier to trace back in the family pedigree.
6b. Why is the Y chromosome a focus for DNA testing services such as
Ancestry.com ?
 -DNA tests look at one of the chromosomes in the 23rd pair, the Y chromosome. Y-
DNA testing is only available to around half the population (although someone lacking
a Y chromosome can have a family member with a Y chromosome tested).
 The Y chromosome is passed directly from a person's biological father, who inherited
it from his biological father, and so on. This makes the Y chromosome useful for
tracing back your biological father's male line.
Dad, Grandpa, and Brother

Problem Set 6 Fall 20

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Problem Set 6 Fall 20

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D17S74 is a locus from chromosome 17 that can be tested at the DNA level to see if

BD BBDD BBDd BbDD BbDd

Bd BBDd BBdd BbDd Bbdd

bD BbDD BbDd bbDD bbDd

DNA damage repair enzyme offspring RARA (R,r) Offspring

The B locus will towards the alprot syndrome.

4c. Based on your chromosomal

Both genes are not linked.

Backstory: Thousands of acres in Nebraska have high pH soils. Some soybean

The map units between A,a is 3 units

The map units between B,b is 2 units

The map units between D,d is 4 units

The map units between E,e is 5 units

The map units between the G,g is 2 units

Now the map unit between the B and C is 6 units.

Distance between the A and C units is = 6 + 4 units

Distance between the A and C units is 10 units.

5A. Cross #1 AaBbFf X aabbff

Gamete from the dihybrid:

Map distance between the E,e and F,f loci:

5c. Cross #3 EG / eg X eegg

Gamete from the dihybrid:

5c. distance = recombinant offspring/ total x 100

Map distance between the E,e and G,g loci: 5d.

Gamete from the dihybrid:

Map distance between the B,b and G,g loci

Y chromosomes cannot participate in recombination and crossovers which makes the

Dad, Grandpa, and Brother

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