“MODELS OF

SOCIAL WORK
ADMINISTRATION
AND
MOTIVATION
THEORIES”
“MODELS OF SOCIAL WORK
ADMINISTRATION”
1. Bureaucratic Model
this is a form of organization which
can be seen as a pyramid, that is, there
is one authority on top and the base is
under. The chain of command is from
top to bottom.
 ACCORDING TO MORGAN,
BUREAUCRACY IS COMPOSED OF THE
FOLLOWING ELEMENTS:

•A pre-set system of procedures and rules for

dealing with all contingencies relating to work
activities.
•A division of labor based on specialization.
•Promotion and selection based on technical
competence; and
•Impersonality in human relations.
 THE CHARACTERISTIC OF
BUREAUCRATIC MODEL:

(1.) The organization operates according to a

body of laws or rules, which are consistent and
have normally been intentionally established.

(2.) Every official is subject to an impersonal

order by which he guide his actions.
 THE CHARACTERISTIC OF
BUREAUCRATIC MODEL:

(3.) Each incumbent of an office has a specified

sphere of competence, with obligations,
authority, and power to compel obedience
strictly defined.

(4.) The organization of offices follows the

principle of hierarchy, that is, each lower office
is under the control and supervision of a higher
one.
 THE CHARACTERISTIC OF
BUREAUCRATIC MODEL:

(5.) The supreme head of organization, and only

he occupies his position appropriation, by
election, or by being designated as successor.
Other offices are filled, in principle, by free
selection and candidates are selected on the
basis, of technical qualifications. They are
appointed, not elected.

(6.) The system also serves as a career ladder.

 THE CHARACTERISTIC OF
BUREAUCRATIC MODEL:

(7.) The official who, in principle is excluded

from any ownership rights in the concern, or in
his position, is subject to discipline and control
in the conduct of his office.
“MODELS OF SOCIAL WORK
ADMINISTRATION”
2. Democratic Model
Democratic model/leadership is a form of
organization involves the redistribution of power
and authority between employees and managers
and to provide employee involvement in decision-
making.
 FEATURES OF DEMOCRATIC
LEADERSHIP:
❑ Authority
❑ Leadership

THREE FEATURES CHARACTERIZES

DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP:
❑ Distribution of responsibility
❑ Empowering group members
❑ Aiding group decision- making process
“MODELS OF SOCIAL WORK
ADMINISTRATION”
3. Adhocracy Model
(By Trecker)
This modified organizational structure is a blend
of bureaucratic and democratic characteristics.
Trecker refers to this as the modified bureaucratic
hierarchy and there is the flattening of the
pyramid.
 ADHOCRACY MAY BE
CHARACTERIZED AS FOLLOWS:

a. Central administrative control is still

retained.

b. Decision and service delivery are

decentralized and shared.

c. The line of communication from the

top to the bottom is shorter,
“MODELS OF SOCIAL WORK
ADMINISTRATION”
4. Collegial or Professional Team Model
(By Trecker)
This model, according to Trecker, emphasizes the
“group of professional colleagues organized in a
collaborative lifestyle that prizes well-used
channels of communication”.
 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS
MODEL ARE:
a. Mutual trust among the group members.
b. Clarity on how and where decisions are made as
well as accountability.
c. Involvement of the team members.
d. Delegation of responsibilities and authority with
built-in evaluation to determine how
responsibilities are carried out.
e. Maximum informal communication.
f. Recognition of special resources in the agency
and in the community.
g. Stress on the growth of the persons involve.
“MODELS OF SOCIAL WORK
ADMINISTRATION”
5. Project Team Model
a) Focusing: c.) Optimizing:
- See progress rom -Excellent product decisions
perspective -Eliminate hands-off and wait
- redirect teams when time
needed -Innovation/disruption
- work on most valuable d.) Strengthening
thing
-Cross-pollinate perspectives
b.) Delivering:
-Stimulate market innovations
- Release at will
-Optimize cross-org value
- Capture value frequently streams
- Reveal obstructions early
“MOTIVATION
THEORIES”
 “Motivation Theories”

Motivation is a state-of-mind, filled with energy and

enthusiasm which drives a person to work in a
certain way to achieve desired goals.

Motivation also translate to a certain kind of human

behavior
 There are many theories of motivations some
of the famous motivation theories include
the following:
The Hierarchy of Needs:
1. Maslow’s hierarchy of
Needs •Physiological needs
•Safety and Security
- Abraham Maslow postulated •Social (Belongingness and
that a person will be Love)
motivated wen his needs are •Self-esteem – Status
fulfilled. The need starts •Self- Actualization
from the lowest level basic
needs and keeps moving up
as a lower level need is
fulfilled.
 There are many theories of motivations some
of the famous motivation theories include
the following:
•Hygiene Factors
2. Hertzberg’s two factors -Hygiene factors are needed
to make sure that an
- Hertzberg classified the needs employee is not dissatisfied .
into two broad categories
which is the hygiene factors •Motivation Factors
and motivating factors.
- Motivation factors are
needed for ensuring
employee’s satisfaction and
employee’s motivation or
higher performance.
‘’Hertzberg’s two factors”
 There are many theories of motivations some
of the famous motivation theories include
the following:
3. McClelland’s theory of
needs The Three Motivators
are:
- McClelland affirms that we all
have three motivating
drivers, and it does not •Achievement
depend on our gender or age. •Affiliation
One of these drives will be
dominant in our behavior. •Power
The dominant drive depends
on our life experiences.
There are many theories of motivations some
of the famous motivation theories include
the following:
4. Vroom’s theory of expectancy

- Victor Vroom stated that people will be highly productive

and motivated if two conditions are met;

1) People believe it is likely that their efforts will lead to

successful results and

2) Those people also believe they will be rewarded for their

success.
There are many theories of motivations some
of the famous motivation theories include
the following:

5. McGregor’s theory X and theory Y

- Douglas McGregor formulated two distinct

views of human being based on participation
o workers. The first is basically negative,
labelled as Theory X and the other is
basically positive labelled as Theory Y.
“McGregor’s theory X and theory Y”

•Theory X: the Traditional view of the work

force holds that workers are inherently lazy,
self-centered, and lacking ambition.

•Theory Y: this view postulate that workers

are inherently motivated and eager to accept
responsibility.
“These motivation theories provide great understanding
on how people behave and motivates them.”

“It is important to ensure that every team member in an

organization is motivated”
 PRESENTED BY:
MAPOR MELODY GOZAR
NICKA FAITH A. DELA CRUZ
BSSW 3C

THANK YOU