BIOCHEMISTRY

Question 1
Which of the following is not classified as a sphingolipid?
Ganglioside
Cephalin
Ceramide
Sphingomyelin

Question 2
What is the possible fate of a person who suffers from lack of G6PD?
Lack of active glutathione
Fragile red blood cells
Two of the choices
All of the choices
Increased nucleic acid synthesis

Question 3
Pathway that doesn't occur in the mitochondria
Urea cycle
Beta oxidation
Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis

Question 4
The backbone of the nucleic acid is composed of what parts of the nucleotide?
Base
Phosphate and Sugar
Sugar
Phosphate
Phosphate and Base

Question 5
This test distinguishes between reducing sugar monosaccharides and reducing sugar disaccharides based on
the difference in the rate of reaction
Seliwanoff's test
Molisch's test
Barfoed's test
Benedict's test

Question 6
The enzyme for glycolysis are found in the
Cytosol
Nucleus
Ribosome
Mitochondrion

Question 7
Which test for sugars reacts with ketoses and gives off a cherry red coloration upon reaction?
Seliwanoff
 Tollens
Bial
Osazone

Question 8
This is the only optically inactive amino acid
Glycine
Methionine
Lysine
Citrulline

Question 9
"Which of the following drugs, based on their mechanism of action, targets transcription?"
Rifampicin
Sulfisoxazole
Quinolones
Tetracycline

Question 10
What is the distinguishable group or moiety found in cysteine's R group?
Indole
Guanido
Thioether
Thol
Imidazole

Question 11
Which of the following are exclusively ketogenic amino acids?
Leucin
Lysine and Leucine
Lysine
Leucine and Isoleucine
Isoleucin

Question 12
What is the end product of protein metabolism in humans?
Uric acid
Creatinine
Urea
Ammonia

Question 13
It is the main building block of essential fatty acid
HMG CoA
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
Malonly CoA
Acetyl CoA

Question 14
Blood type known as the universal recipient.
AB
A
O
B

Question 15
"In this test, a violet ring comes out as a positive result when tryptophan and its indole group is present"
Hopkins - cole
Sakaguchi
Ninhydrin
Xanthoproteic

Question 16
The following are monosaccharides except
Sucrose
Glucose
Galactose
Mannose

Question 17
What form of lipid do humans primarily use for energy?
Sphingolipid
Phospholipid
Waxes
Triglyceride

Question 18
Alpha -helix and Beta-pleated sheets belong to what protein level of organization
Primary
Tertiary
Quartenary
Secondary

Question 19
"These are said to be non-coding regions in the primary mRNA product, later removed prior to translation"
Kozak sequence
Introns
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Exons

Question 20
Which of the following are essential amino acids?
Tyrosine
Leucine
All of the choices
Threonine
Two of the Choices
Question 21
Which of the following is not true about beta-oxidation?
The fragments from breakdown are acetyl-CoA molecules and are fed to the Krebs cycle
It is a fatty acid spiral that degrades fatty acids by two-carbon fragments
Requires the participation of L-carnitine for transport of long-chain fatty acids
It is a catabolic pathway that occurs in the cytosol of active cells

Question 22
HIV and Hepa B have the ability to synthesize DNA from RNA in the process called
Reverse transcription
Reverse translation
Translation
Transcription

Question 23
This substance accumulates in the muscles as a result of vigorous exercise
Lactic acid
Glucose
Muscle glycogen
Amino acid

Question 24
Regarded as the universal biological energy currency
Uncouplers
Guanosine triphosphate
Calories
Adenosine triphosphate

Question 25
Which of the following are aromatic?
Tryptophan
All of the choices
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine and Tryptophan

Question 26
Which of the following bases is not expected to be found in DNA?
None of the choices
Uracil
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine

Question 27
The backbone of the nucleic acid is composed of what parts of the nucleotide?
Phosphate and Base
Phosphate
Base
 Phosphate and Sugar
Sugar

Question 28
This gives a negative result to Benedict's Test
Glucose
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

Question 29
The rate limiting-step in cholesterol synthesis in humans is regulated by the enzyme
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
HMG CoA reductase
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
HMG-CoA synthase

Question 30
Which of the following are aromatic?
Tyrosine and Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
All of the choices

Question 31
Alpha -helix and Beta-pleated sheets belong to what protein level of organization
Tertiary
Primary
Secondary
Quartenary

Question 32
The amino acid coded for by the start codon
Leucine
Tryptophan
Glycine
Methionine

Question 33
This is the only optically inactive amino acid
Lysine
Methionine
Glycine
Citrulline

Question 34
Regarded as the universal biological energy currency
 Adenosine triphosphate
Uncouplers
Guanosine triphosphate
Calories

Question 35
"In plotting the enzyme activity against a certain variable, which of the following variables will result to a bell-
shaped curve?"
pH
Substrate
Temperature
Enzyme

Question 36
"These are said to be non-coding regions in the primary mRNA product, later removed prior to translation"
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Exons
Introns
Kozak sequence

Question 37
This is caused by the inadequate intake of protein in the presence of adequate intake of calories
Kwashiorkor
Hemochromatosis
Obesity
Marasmus

Question 38
Which substance is expected to be elevated in blood during the fed state?
Acetone
Glucagon
Insulin
Glycogen

Question 39
Mutation when the resulting codon codes for a different amino acid
Nonsense mutation
Silent mutation
Missesnse mutation

Question 40
These are discontinuous stretches in which the lagging strand is initially synthesized during DNA replication
Operon
Okazaki fragment
Primer
Enhancer

Question 41
Stop codons include
 UAA
two of the Choices
UAG
All of the choices
UGG

Question 42
Which of the following are exclusively ketogenic amino acids?
Lysine and Leucine
Lysine
Leucin
Isoleucin
Leucine and Isoleucine

Question 43
Which of the following is a polysaccharide
Sucrose
Lactose
Dextrose
Dextran

Question 44
How many hydrogen bonds are formed in an adenine-thymine base pair?
None since adenine bonds with uracil
2
3
1

Question 45
Which of the following has the capability to reduce plasma cholesterol and deliver lipids to the liver?
VLDL
HDL
LDL
Chylomicrons

Question 46
Which enzyme allows the separation of the DNA double helix into two separate single-stranded DNA units?
Primase
DNA polymerase
Single stranded binding proteins
Helicase
DNA ligase

Question 47
A purine replaces another purine in ______ mutation
Insertion
Transitional
Transversional
 Frame shift

Question 48
This nonessential amino acid is used to shuttle end products of metabolism in the muscle to the liver for
gluconeogenesis
Arginine
Alanine
Histidine
Phenylalanine

Question 49
Which of the following is true about lipids?
"TAGs, lecithins, and cerebrosides all have a glycerol backbone"
Arachidic acid is the precursor of prostaglandins
Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated ones
Sterols are synthesized in the same pathway as fatty acids

Question 50
The enzyme 2.4.1.1 belongs to what class of enzymes?
Isomerase
Transferase
Oxidoreductase
Ligase

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

Folate - Vitamin B9
Riboflavin - Vitamin B2
Panthothenic acid - Vitamin B5
Niacin - Vitamin B3

Occurs when one nucleotide is substituted which results to the formation of a stop codon instead of a codon
that codes for an amino acid
Nonsense mutation
Missesnse mutation
Silent mutation

"Linkage present in cellulose, which differentiates its structure from starch and glycogen"
"Alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6"
"Alpha 1,4"
"Beta 1,4"
"Alpha 1,6"

A substrate with a higher Km will have __________ affinity than another substrate with a lower Km
Same
A higher
a Lower

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

Pyruvate carboxylase
 Pyruvate decarboxylase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

PHARMACOGNOSY
Question 51
The following crude drugs contain mucilaginous substances except
Agar
Rice
Sterculia
Karaya

Question 52
The alkaloid is used to as ink by Indians to color their bodies and is also an expectorant and emetic agent
ergotamine
quinine
Hydratis
sanguinarine

Question 53
The dehydrated form of morphine is known as
Heroine
Morphine
Apomorphine
Codeine

Question 54
It is formed by the action of nitric acid and sulfuric acid on cotton and is used in the preparation of collodion:
 Soluble guncotton
None of the choice
Pyroxylin
Soluble guncotton and Pyroxylin

Question 55
"Allyl isothiocyanate, is the aglycone portion obtained by the hydrolysis of"
None of the choice
Sinnalbin
Sinigrin
Both

Question 56
An alkaloid which serves as the physiologic antidote for anticholinergic poisoning.
Theophylline
Physostigmine
Reserpine
Pilocarpine

Question 57
Africans use this is in their preparation of arrow poisons. It has a positive inotropic effect on the heart:
Strophantus
Convallaria
Apocynum
Squill

Question 58
It can be described as the oxidation products of terpene
Isoprene
Resenes
Eleoptene
Resin

Question 59
Form of olive oil which is produced by the use of carbon disulfide as menstruum
Tournant
Sulfurated
Technical
Virgin

Question 60
Plant hydrocolloids with water retaining properties are known as
Both
None
Gum
Mucilage

Question 61
The antimitotic activity of indole alkaloid vincristine is due to
 None of the choices
AKT inhibitor
MMP inhibitor
Microtubule production inhibition

Question 62
A method of expression which makes use of mechanical spikes
Englurage
Eculle
None of the choices

Question 63
The lipid metabolite formed in the body of animals which serves as the direct precursor of prostaglandin
Arachidonic acid
Linoleic acid
Linoleic acid
Oleic acid

Question 64
Which of the following is correctly matched?
lactulose - diagnostic aid
ferrous gluconate - hematinic
xylose - laxative
lactose - decreases blood ammonia

Question 65
It is prepared from the pyrolysis of ricinoleic acid from castor oil and is used as antifungal:
Azeleic acid
Stearic acid
Undecylenic acid
Benzoic acid

Question 66
Removal of water molecule from morphine results to
Heroine
Codeine
Cocaine
Apomorphine

Question 67
What is used to treat cascara sagrada extract to reduce its bitter taste?
calcium carbonate
calcium gluceptate
magnesium oxide
potassium chloride

Question 68
Anti-acne principle synthesized from the oil derived from Ricinus communis
Prussic acid
 Saffric acid
Azeleic acid
Ricinoleic acid

Question 69
Ethereal oils or essences are composed of the following except
Sesquiterpene
Monoterpene
Triterpene
Diterpene

Question 70
"In percolation with volatile solvents as a method of volatile oil extraction, the volatile solvent is removed by
vacuum distillation and the resulting product is known as"
terpenes
Absolutes
pomade
Concretes

Question 71
The only plant acid which doesn't carbonized upon the action of heat
Shikimic acid
Acetic acid
Citric acid
Malic acid

Question 72
Which of the following is a carcinogenic constituent of nganga?
Alkaloid
Glycoside
Lipid
Tannin

Question 73
Physostigmine is the indole alkaloid derived from ordeal bean is commonly known as
Eserine
Hyoscine
Atropine
Quinine

Question 74
A polymer of fructose used to measure renal glomerular filtration
Stacchyose
Chitin
Galactomannan
Inulin

Question 75
"The following compounds are grouped as tropane alkaloids, except"
 Scopolamine
Cocaine
Nicotine
Hyoscyamine

Question 76
A drug which is used to inhibit the action of alpha glucosidase and is considered as one of the hypoglycemic
agents in the market
Acarbose
Insulin
Gliclizide
Metformin

Question 77
Which of the following types of alkaloid does veratrum belong
Isoquinoline
Quinoline
Tropane
Steroidal amine

Question 78
Which of the following is true?
Sennosides are more potent laxatives than cascarosides
Sennosides are equally potent laxatives as cascarosides
Sennosides are less potent laxatives than cascarosides

Question 79
Steroidal products like hormones are derived from this isoprenoid
Triterpene
Diterpene
Tetraterpene
Monoterpene

Question 80
"A drug derived from Ma Huang which is responsible for an adverse effect, hemorrhagic stroke, which has
affected female patients 40 yrs old and above"
Phenylephrine
Ephedrine
Phenylpropanolamine
Epinephrine

Question 81
Which of the following is correctly matched?
castor oil - abrin
cassava - ricin
poison ivy - urushiol
jequirity beans - linamarin

Question 82
This particular plant is the source of the yellow colored alkaloid which is known as anti inflammatory agent
Cinchona
Ergot
Hydratis
Sanguinaria

Question 83
A steroildal alkaloid obtained from wolfsbane rot or monkshood
Aconitine
Selegiline
Vilburnine
Coniine

Question 84
The main component of condensed tannins which reacts with heat and is responsible for the production of red
insoluble products is known as
Phlobaphenes
pyrogallol
catechin
diosgenin

Question 85
"This is the best method used in obtaining volatile oils from citrus fruits, whose aroma is injuriously affected by
heat"
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Expression
Extraction
Distillation

Question 86
"A protein-digesting, milk-clotting enzyme from Ananas comosus"
Bromelains
Papain
Protamine
Sutilains

Question 87
The local name of Coleus amboinicus which is known for its folkloric use like mucolytic agent and for cough
relief
Lagundi
Chichirika
Atis
Oregano

Question 88
It a disease characterized by the inability to break down of milk sugar by any of three enzymes in the milk
sugar breakdown pathway.
Iso-maltase deficiency
Glucosemia
 Lactosemia
Galactosemia

Question 89
"The following compounds are grouped as indole alkaloids, except"
Strychnine
Ergotamine
Reserpine
Tubocurarine

"Kamala, a dull reddish brown powder with characteristic globular glands and unicellular curved trichomes,
contain this phloroglucinol derivative with anthelmintic property"
Emetin
Quinine
Berberine
Rottlerin

This alkaloid is formed by the acetylation of morphine.

Heroine
Cocaine
Morphine
Codeine

The natural product of plant injury is known as

Resin
Resin and extractive
Extractive and exudate
Exudate

Which of the following glycosides yield a steroidal component as one of the products of hydrolysis
Sinalbin
Sinigrin
Diosgenin
Amygdalin

This alkaloid is used to prevent tolerance effect and maximize the analgesic effect of morphine
Quinine sulfate
Lobeline sulfate
Cocaine HCl
Hyocine HBr

What is used to treat cascara sagrada extract to reduce its bitter taste?
calcium gluceptate
magnesium oxide
calcium carbonate
potassium chloride

The plant material is treated with ammonium hydroxide in order to

 Convert free bases into alkaloidal salt
Convert alkaloidal salt into free bases
None of the statement
Both statement

Liebermann Burchard Test will indicate the presence of

Lactone
Unsaturated sterol
Saturated sterol
Tritepene

Chemical classes of sapogenin include/s the following

Bufadienolide
Steroid and Triterpenoid
Triterpenoid
Steroid

Anti-acne principle synthesized from the oil derived from Ricinus communis
Ricinoleic acid
Azeleic acid
Saffric acid
Prussic acid

Which natural plant product will give a positive result to Guignard test
Amygdalin
Glycyrrhizin
Arbutin
Sinigrin

"The following substances are waxes since they are composed of saturated fatty acids and alcohol, except"
Lanolin
Sperm oil
Bile acid
Beeswax

The main constituent of Macrocystis pyrifera which is responsible for the swelling property of algin.
Carrageenan
Alginic acid
Mannuronic acid
Alginate

"Vitamin F, used as a dietary supplement, is composed of:"

Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid
Myristic acid and Lauric acid
 Rutin and hesperidin
Benzoic acid and salicylic acid

The product formed by the action of nitric acid on rectified turpentine oil in the presence of alcohol is
Terpinol
Eugenol
Two of the choice
Terpin Hydrate
Cineole

A method of extraction which makes use of specific solvent and subjecting the material to boiling
Infusion
Percolation
Decoction
Maceration