01mathematics in Our World-SYR

Math 101 – Mathematics in the Modern World
This course provides the students with the conceptual understanding of the
nature of mathematics, appreciation of its practical, intellectual and aesthetic
dimensions and application of mathematics in the modern world. Specifically, the
topics mainly include the nature of mathematics and mathematics as a tool.
Furthermore, elective topics include geometric designs, codes, linear
programming, mathematics of finance, apportionment and voting, logic,
mathematics of graphs, and mathematical systems.
1. Mathematics in our World
1.1 Nature of Mathematics
1.2 Patterns in Nature
1.3 Fibonacci Numbers
1.4 Golden Ratio
Mathematics in our World
Is mathematics invented or discovered?

Mathematics is partly invented
- The beginning of mathematics is a human invention.
- It began as a method to represent thoughts about quantity,
form, pattern, and change.
- The concept of a number is an early manifestation of the
concept of quantity which gradually evolved into a
primitive number system, i.e. distinguish 1 cow from 2 cows, etc.
Mathematics is partly invented.

- Numbers have been invented to quantify time.
- Notches were carved on the bone to track menstrual
cycle of women.
- Sexagesimal System (base 60) was invention by the
Sumerians by tracking the movement of the celestial
bodies, managing irrigations, etc.
- People invented the early counting numbers (natural).
Mathematics is partly invented.

- Hindu-Arabic Numeration System (base 10) was a
combined invention by the Indians and Arabs.
- Binary system (base 2) introduced by G. W. Leibniz is
the foundation of binary logic used in the modern
computer.
- Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
independently invented calculus as the study of change.
- Mathematical notations are invented by man.
Much of Mathematics is discovered.

- People invented the early counting numbers , but the
succeeding propositions and properties were discovered like
prime numbers, properties of numbers, remainder, etc.
- Pythagorean Theorem is one of the early mathematical
discoveries which had impact a huge impact to architecture.
The theorem was discovered from the five axioms or postulates
in the Euclidean geometry (logical reasoning, axiomatic).
- Foundation of mathematics is invented, but what followed next
came by way of discovery.
What is Mathematics?
 Mathematics has no universally accepted definition (Tobies, 2012)
 Mathematics is the science of quantity. Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
 Mathematics is a science that draws necessary conclusions.

(Benjamin Pierce (1809-1880)
 All mathematics is symbolic logic. Bertrand Russel (1872-1970)

What is Mathematics?
 Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and
arrangement. (https://www.livescience.com)
 A formal system of thoughts for reorganizing, classifying, and exploring things

which involve patterns, numbers, axiomatic processes, or logical reasoning
 Mathematics is a study of patterns and relationships, a way of thinking, an art

characterized by order and internal consistency, a language that uses carefully
defined terms and symbols, and a set of problem solving tools.
What is Mathematics about?

numbers, symbols, notations
operations, equations/inequalities, functions/relations, sets
patterns(geometric or numerical)
proofs(axiomatic processes or logical reasoning)
Where is Mathematics?
We see hints or clues of it…
in nature
in our daily routine
in people and communities
in events
What is Mathematics for?

 provides tools for calculations
 organizes patterns and regularities as well as irregularities
 enables us to make projections
 helps predict the behavior of nature and many phenomena
 helps control nature and occurrences in the world for our own good.
 provides new questions to think about
How is Mathematics done?

 with curiosity
 with a penchant for seeking patterns and generalities
 with the desire to know the truth
 with trial and error
 without fear of facing more questions and problems to
 With tenacity or willingness to keep working
Who use Mathematics?

Mathematicians (pure, applied)
Scientists (natural, social)
Generally everyone
(different people use different math at
different times for different purposes, using
different tools, with different attitudes)
1.2 Patterns in Nature
- The early mathematical exercise is to count the cycle of

lunar phases.
4 primary moon phases: New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon, Third Quarter (Last Quarter)
- Frequently observed patterns in Nature and in the World:

- Honey comb (hexagon) - Snowflake (symmetry, fractal) - Tiger/Zebra’s stripes
- Hyena’s spots - Sunflower (spiral) - Snail’s Shell(spiral)
- Flower’s Petals - Weather Patterns - Ocean waves
- Human productivity (80:20 % rule) - Economic Phenomenon (up/down)
1.4 Golden Ratio
1.4 Golden Ratio
1.4 Golden Ratio
The END

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Math 101 – Mathematics in the Modern World

Is mathematics invented or discovered?

Mathematics is partly invented.

Mathematics is partly invented.

Much of Mathematics is discovered.

 Mathematics is the science of quantity. Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

 Mathematics is a science that draws necessary conclusions.

 All mathematics is symbolic logic. Bertrand Russel (1872-1970)

 A formal system of thoughts for reorganizing, classifying, and exploring things

 Mathematics is a study of patterns and relationships, a way of thinking, an art

What is Mathematics about?

What is Mathematics for?

How is Mathematics done?

Who use Mathematics?

- The early mathematical exercise is to count the cycle of

- Frequently observed patterns in Nature and in the World:

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