Answer on Question#50401 - Physics - Mechanics - Kinematics - Dynamics

A hollow right-circular cylinder is made of cast iron and has an outside diameter of 𝐷𝑜 =
75 mm and an inside diameter of 𝐷𝑖 = 60 mm. If the cylinder is loaded by an axial compressive
force of 𝐹 = 50 kN, determine the total shortening Δ𝐿 (in mm) in a 𝐿 = 600 mm length. Also,
determine the normal stress (in MPa) under this load. The modulus of elasticity of cast iron is
𝐸 = 100 GPa.

Solution:

The stress of cylinder is given by the Hooke’s law

𝜎 = 𝐸𝜀,
𝐹
where 𝜎 = is a normal stress (𝐹 is the axial force acting on the cylinder, and 𝐴 is the cross-
𝐴
Δ𝐿
sectional area of the cylinder), 𝐸 is the modulus of elasticity, and 𝜀 = is the strain of the
𝐿
cylinder.

The cross-sectional area of the cylinder is given by (the difference in the areas of the
outer circle of diameter 𝐷𝑜 and the inner one of diameter 𝐷𝑖 )
𝜋 2
𝐴= (𝐷𝑜 − 𝐷𝑖2 )
4
The normal stress of the cylinder

𝐹 4𝐹 4 ∙ 50 kN
𝜎= = 2 = = 31 MPa
𝐴 𝜋(𝐷𝑜 − 𝐷𝑖 ) 𝜋((0.075m)2 − (0.06m)2 )
2

The strain of the cylinder

𝜎
𝜀=
𝐸
The shortening

𝜎 ∙ 𝐿 31 MPa ∙ 600 mm
Δ𝐿 = = = 0.19 mm
𝐸 100 GPa

4𝐹 𝜎∙𝐿
Answer: 𝜎 = = 31 MPa; Δ𝐿 = = 0.19 mm.
𝜋(𝐷𝑜2 −𝐷𝑖2 ) 𝐸

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