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    Chemistry - Lecture 2

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    HarleenaDivs

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    WIL SEET- CUNMBIAD FOUNDATION CHEMISTRY VOL -1- CLASS 9 Objectiv When you have completed this lecture you should be able to: * + Know the ionisation energy, factors affecting ionisation energy * Know periodi ity of ionisation energy. lonization energy Ionization energy of an element is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most looselybound electron from the outermost shell of an isolated neutral gaseous atom of that element in its lowest energy state to produce a cation. a Energy required to remove outermost electron ( arrow marked electron) is ionization energy. Successive ionization potentials The amount of energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom is called the first ionization energy. M-le- —>M¢+-I, The energy required to remove the electron from a unipositively charged ion is called the second ionization energy. M’ - le ——>M* Similarly, the third and the fourth ionization energy or ionization potentials can be defined in the same way. ? le- —>M"-, If the first ionization energy is considered as I, and the second is 1, and so on then, 1 p> d>f. Variation in the value of ionization potential : In the period: On moving from left to right in a period the ionisation energy increases as os increases and as the size decreases, the removal of the electron becomes more and difficult. Order for first ionisation energy in any period: IAG!) < IAG) < HAG!) < IVA(p4)< VA(p)< VIA(p')< VIIA(p9)< VIITA(p’) [n case of IIA, first ionisation energy is more than IIIA as in ILA, ns? ful filled state) is presen but in ILA np1(in complete) is less stable state. | In case of VA, first ionisation energy is more than VIA as in VA ns? np? (half filled, mor | Stable state) is present but in VII ns? np* (incomplete, less stable state) is present. | In any period an inert gas has maximum value of first ionisation energy due to most stable octet state. The largest jump in between 1, and I, is in case of alkali metals as ns1 configurations changes into inert gas configuration (ns? np*). I:LiBO AlSO>F>N>B>C> Be; Na> Ar> Cl>S>P> Al>Si> Mg Inthe group: On moving top to bottom ina group ionisation energy decreases as Z.,, decreas and size increases so removal of electron becomes more ant more easy “ Example: He > Ne > Ar > Kr > Xe; F>Cl>Br>I; Li>Na>K>Rb>Cs Atnirasner °° Scanned with CamScanner t ay yr NEET- OLYMPIAD FOUNDATION CHEMISTRY VOL -1-CLASS 9 Importance of ionisation energy: The clements having low ionisation energies are reducing agents, basic in nature, form cations, ionic compounds and show maximum photoelectric effect. Example : K, Cs shows maximum photoelectric effect and hence used in photoelectric cells. ss New Words 4p Inperiodic table, helium has maximum first ionisat le cesium has lowest value. n energy wh The largest jump between I, and 1, is for alkaline earth metals as configuration changes from ns' to inert gas configuration(ns? np*) wma Dinportant Points — > _ Ionization energy of an element is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from the outermost shell of an isolated neutral gaseous atom of that element in its lowest energy state to produce a cation. > Ionization energy a nuclear charge (Z,,) > Ionization energy a 1/atomic size > Ionization energy a 1/screening effect of the inner electrons > Ionization energy a. stable electrons configuration. > Ionization energy a penetration effect of the electrons. > Allof the transition series elements have an electronic structure [Ar]3d4s? (or 4s! in the cases of chromium and copper). The electron being lost always comes from the 4s orbital. PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION _ Ce er aa ao © Conceptual Practice Sheet Ao. Single Response Type: Which of the following is true for alkaline earth metals as their atomic number increases? A) The atomic radius decreases. B) Ionization energy decreases. ©) The number of valence electrons increases. D) The Coulombic attraction increases. Which of the following sequences corresponds to a correct trend in ionization energy? A)Cl>S>P>Al —_B)Sr>Ca>Mg>Be C)Rb>K>Na>Li D)Rb>Sr>1>Xe Which of the following is true about a sulfur atom and a chlorine atom? A) Sulphur is larger and has higher ionization energy. 8) Sulphur is larger and has lower ionization energy, © Sulphur is smaller and has higher ionization energy, D) Sulpur is smaller and has lower ionization energy. ww, -mercuryeducation.com JO QD mM Scanned with CamScanner CHEMISTRY VoL. MWT/ NEET- OLYMPIAD FOUNDATION, Jeon, Lithium, Carbon 4. Put the following in order of increasing ionizé A) Lithium, Carbon, Neon ©) Neon, Carbon, Lithium 5. Put the following in order of increasing io ation energy B) Carbon, Lithium, Neon D) Lithium, Neon, Carbon Cc nization energy:Strontium, Aluminum, Ing, i Strontium, Aluminum, Indium Ww ‘A) Strontium, Indium, Aluminum B) Stro f C) Indium, Aluminum, Strontium D) Aluminum, Indium, Strontium A Indium, A VS aaa : 6. Put the following in order of increasing ionization energy:Tellurium, Sulfur, Selenium =, W A) Tellurium, Sulphur, Selenium B) Selenium, Sulphur, Tellurium A © Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium D) Tellurium, Selenium, Sulphur oO The Conceptual Reasoning Type: 7m 7. How tion energy value is related to electronic configuration? a)! 8. How ionisation energy is related to penetration effect of the electrons? ) Fis Structured Based Type: 9. Arrange the following in the increasing order of their ionisation energies: Ne, Al®, M, ‘Species [No.ofe's [B.C Ne 10 [2.8 DI AT. 1012.8 Mat to [2.8 Nav a From the above chart, it is clear that all the species have same electronic configuration. Hex: the IP depends on the extent of nuclear pull. The greater the nuclear pull, the greater the? . Further, the extent of nuclear pull depends on the number of protons. Therefore, the specs"! The with greater number of protons have greater IP and vice-versa. AL ‘Therefore, the increasing order of IP of the given species is as follows: 2 Amn IP of Ne < Na’ < Mg? < Al? Wn The atomic numbers of the elements A, B, C and Dis 9, 10, 11 order of ionization energies is and 12 respectively. The 0! @ IT -JEE Mains Practice Sheet wee Single Response Type: ‘iq LEVEL -1 1, pt fa asin order of the first ionization enthalpies of the elements B, P, § and F (e"™ A)F Al Mg > Al> Si C)Na Si D) Na>Mg> Aleg tion potential of K, Ca and Ba is dd ionis ‘The decreasing order of the secon < A)K>Ca>Ba B)Ca>Ba>K ©) Ba>K>Ca D) K> Ba>Ca Which one of the following relations is correct with respect to first (1) and second (H) ionisation potentials of Na and Mg? A) > Lag BY. = Vhich of the following transitions involve maximum amount of energy? 4) Mi) Mg) B) Mig) 5M") ©) M" (g) 5 M*(g)D) M*(g)__, 4g) LEVEL - V The ionisation energy of nitrogen is more than that of oxygen. Because: A) The extra stability of half filled “p’ orbitals in nitrogen. B) The smaller size of nitrogen, Olv< Ty, D)M,, >My, Me ng Ene C) The former contains less number of electrons. D) The former is less electronegative, The ionisation energy of potassium is less than the ionisation v. flue of sodium. This is due to A) large size of potassium atom B) small size of potassium ion ©) low density of potassium D) univalent nature of potassium The ionisation potential is lowest for: A) Be B) Mg OB D) Al Statement-I : First ionisation energy of nitrogen is lower than that of ionisation energy ot oxygen. Statement-ll : Across a period, effective A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II © Statement 1 is true, St nuclear charge decreases, are true B) Both Statement-l s false. D) Statement Lis f and 348 kcal mol — Mg* (z) +26 B) + 526 keal ation potential curves and Statement-II are false fatement I] TE, and IE, of Mg are 178 kcal mol"! the reaction My(x)— A) + 170 keal The peaks in ionis, A) alkali metals Statement II is true respectively. The energy required 0" ©) ~ 170 keal are occupied by b) 525 keal B) inert gases © transition metals Cevparine earth element has the ly ty and lL, eatuee on X eV/atom. Then ‘x’ is wand), volues 9.2 A) 3eV/atom B) 154 eV/atom The second ionization potential y, A) Sodium D) halogens eV/atom, 18,5 eV/atom am ©) 20 eV/atom s very low for: D) 10 eV/atom lui B) Magnes m ©) Fluorine Dd) ) Oxygen www.mercuryeducation.com 3, Scanned with CamScanner m1, SET - OLYMPIAD FOUNDATION CHEMISTRY VOL -1-CLASS 9 Ht IIT - JEE Advanced Practice Sheet Assertion and Reasoning Type: 1, Assertion : Ionisation energy of magnesium Reason: filled. A)Both assertion and reason more than that of aluminium. naluminium 3p-orbital is completely filled whereas in magnesium i is not completely are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion B) Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. ©) Assertion is correct and reason is incorrect, D) Assertion is incorrect and re: ason is correct, 2. Assertion : After the atom is ionise 'd, it then requires more energy to remove because the second electronis nea irer the nucleus, Reason: The atom will spontaneously lose a second electron an electron to become stable. A) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion B) Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. ©) Assertion is correct and reason is incorrect. D) Assertion is incorrect and reason is correct, 3. Assertion : The atom would be more stable if it ‘lost’ an electron. The atom would be more stable if it ‘lose’ an electron, Reason: The force on an innermost ele: ctron from the nucleus is equal to the force on the nucleus from an innermost electron A) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. 8) Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. ©) Assertion is correct and reason is incorrect. D) Assertion is incorrect and reason is correct. Linked Comprehensive Typ lonisation potential is the minimum amount of energy needed to remove the oute: most electron from a gaseous isolated atom. Unit for LE is eV/atom or kJ/mole or kcal/mole, The correct order of ionisation energies is: A) F>F>Ch>Cl B)F>Cl>Ch>F C)P>Cr>CI>F D)F>Cr>F>cl The third ionisation energy is maximum for: A) Nitrogen B) Phosphorus © Aluminium D) Boron First ionisation energy is lowest for: A) Lead B) Carbon Q) Silicon D) Tin Linked Comprehensive Type: Put the following in order of increasing ionization eneryy:Coba It, Tungsten, Ruthenium A) Tungsten, Ruthenium, Cobalt B) Cobalt, Rutheniu ©) Ruthenium, Cobalt, Tungsten D) Cobalt, Ruthenium, Tungsten Www.mercuryeducation.com ungsten Scanned with CamScanner IT /.NEET - OLYMPIAD FOUNDATION. 8. 10. W 12. 13. 14, Put the following in order of increasing ionization energy odium, Oxygen, Bo, 1 A) Sodium, Boron, Oxygen C) Sodium, Oxygen, Boron CHEMISTRY VoL. Ch ron Se i B) Oxygen, Boron, Sodium D) Oxygen, Sodium, Boron , , as , In which way does ionization energy increase in the Periodic Table? A) Left to Right Multi Response Type: B) Top to Bottom C) Right to Left D) bottom to top Which of the following represent the incorrect order of ionisation energies? A)F>N>O>C B)F>O>N>C Which of the following statements are true? A) Only one electron « configuration. ‘an be removed from the atom, Ojl>Br>F>Cl D) F>Cl>Br>] as it then has a stable electror: 5) The nucleus is not attracted to the electrons, C) After the atom is ionised, it then re the second electron e: D) After the atom is ionised, it then re the second electron is in alower ener; Match the following/ Matrix Matching: Column-I a) Lowest LE element in the periodic table b) Units of ionization energy ©) Along the period LE 4) Along the group LE Column-I a) LicNaB

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