Chemical Nomenclature 1

Chemical Nomenclature
Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas
About this Lesson

This activity is a guided lecture to teach students the rules for naming and writing various types of
chemical formulas. This lesson is more in depth than many high school texts including the
introduction of organic nomenclature early on in the course.
This lesson is included in the LTF Chemistry Module 4.
Objectives
Students will:
 Learn to apply the rules of chemical nomenclature.
Practice naming and writing formulas.
T E A C H E R

Level
Chemistry
Common Core State Standards for Science Content

LTF Science lessons will be aligned with the next generation of multi-state science standards that
are currently in development. These standards are said to be developed around the anchor
document, A Framework for K–12 Science Education, which was produced by the National
P A G E S
Research Council. Where applicable, the LTF Science lessons are also aligned to the Common
Core Standards for Mathematical Content as well as the Common Core Literacy Standards for
Science and Technical Subjects.
Code Standard Level of Depth of

Thinking Knowledge
(LITERACY) Follow precisely a multistep procedure when Apply II
RST.9-10.3 carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or
performing technical tasks, attending to special cases
or exceptions defined in the text.
(LITERACY) Translate quantitative or technical information Apply II
RST.9-10.7 expressed in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a
table or chart) and translate information expressed
visually or mathematically (e.g., in an equation) into
words.
(LITERACY) Assess the extent to which the reasoning and Apply II
RST.9-10.9 evidence in a text support the author’s claim or a
recommendation for solving a scientific or technical
problem.
Copyright © 2012 Laying the Foundation®, Inc., Dallas, Texas. All rights reserved. Visit us online at www.ltftraining.org.
Connections to AP*
AP Chemistry:
Chemical nomenclature is fundamental to the AP Chemistry, AP Biology and AP
Environmental Science courses
*Advanced Placement and AP are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College
Board was not involved in the production of this product.
Materials and resources

Each lab group will need the following:
bag, zipper-lock, quart
copy of student formula manipulatives
scissors
Assessments
The following types of formative assessments are embedded in this lesson:
T E A C H E R
 Assessment of prior knowledge.
 Guided practice through the lesson.
The following additional assessments are located on the LTF website:

 Chemistry Assessment: Nomenclature
 2006 Chemistry Posttest, Free Response Question 1 and 2
 AP Style Free Response
P A G E S
Teaching suggestions
This activity is designed to enhance a student’s ability to write and name chemical formulas. The
students must be assigned the list of polyatomic ions for memorization. Ideally this memorization
is done as a summer assignment or at least a few weeks before this activity. Quiz students over the
list of ions each class period to encourage their participation. Once they have mastered the
memory work, continue quizzing them weekly to ensure retention.
The students will create a set of manipulatives using the templates provided in the student section
of this activity. These manipulatives will help students determine correct chemical formulas. It is
recommended that you enlarge the template on a copy machine and make a demonstration set of
the manipulatives for use on the chalk or white board in your classroom. If possible, make your set
of manipulatives out of colored card stock and laminate them for durability. If the chalkboard or
white board surface is magnetic, a small piece of adhesive magnetic strip may be added to the back
of the manipulatives. Magnetic strip is readily available in hobby stores and is relatively
inexpensive. If the board surface is not magnetic, masking tape may be used but must be replaced
regularly.
This activity instructs the students to carefully cut out the pieces of Template 1 and arrange them
T E A C H E R
by similar valence or oxidation state. They are to then trace over the element’s symbol and
oxidation state with colored markers using the chart given. You may want to use colored card
stock for your enlarged set of demonstration manipulatives. Alternatively, you may use the
colored markers in the same way that the students do. Template 2 is used during the organic
section and does not need to be colored.
Give each student a copy of the activity. The background information is essential to their success.
P A G E S
Teacher Overview – Chemical Nomenclature
Answer Key
Conclusion Questions
Table 8. Naming Acids

Acid Formula Acid Name
HCl hydrochloric acid
HClO hypochlorous acid
HClO2 chlorous acid
HClO3 chloric acid
HClO4 perchloric acid (or “hyperchloric” acid)
HNO3 nitric acid
HBr hydrobromic acid
T E A C H E R
H3PO4 phosphoric acid
H3PO3 phosphorous acid
HCN hydrocyanic acid
HC2H3O2 acetic acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid
HI hydroiodic acid
HF hydrofluoric acid
Copyright © 2012 Laying the Foundation®, Inc., Dallas, Texas. All rights reserved. Visit us online at www.ltftraining.org. i
Table 9. Naming Hydrocarbon Compounds
Number of
Prefix or Stem CnH2n+2 (–ane) CnH2n (–ene) CnH2n−2 (–yne) CnH2n+1OH (–anol)
Carbon Atoms (n)
1 meth– CH4 CH3OH
methane cannot form methanol
Answer Key (continued)
2 eth– C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C2H5OH

ethane ethene ethyne ethanol
3 prop– C3H8 C3H6 C3H4 C3H7OH
propane propene propyne propanol
4 but– C4H10 C4H8 C4H6 C4H9OH
butane butene butyne butanol
5 pent– C5H12 C5H10 C5H8 C5H11OH
pentane pentene pentyne pentanol
6 hex– C6H14 C6H12 C6H10 C6H13OH
hexane hexene hexyne hexanol
7 hept– C7H16 C7H14 C7H12 C7H15OH
heptane heptene heptyne heptanol
8 oct– C8H18 C8H16 C8H14 C8H17OH
octane octene octyne octanol
9 non– C9H20 C9H28 C9H16 C9H19OH
nonane nonene nonyne nonanol
10 dec– C10H22 C10H20 C10H18 C10H21OH
decane decene decyne decanol
ii
T E A C H E R
Table 10. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Ag+ Pb2+ Cu+ Ba2+ NH4+ Al3+ Mn2+
Ag3N Pb3N2 Cu3N Ba3N2 (NH4)3N AlN Mn3N2
N3− silver nitride lead(II) nitride copper(I) barium nitride ammonium aluminum manganese(II)
nitride nitride nitride nitride
Ag2O PbO Cu2O BaO (NH4)2O Al2O3 MnO

O2− silver oxide lead(II) oxide copper(I) oxide barium oxide ammonium aluminum manganese(II)
oxide oxide oxide
AgBr PbBr2 CuBr BaBr2 NH4Br AlBr3 MnBr2

−
Br silver bromide lead(II) copper(I) barium ammonium aluminum manganese(II)
bromide bromide bromide bromide bromide bromide
Ag2S PbS Cu2S BaS (NH4)2S Al2S3 MnS

S2− silver sulfide lead(II) sulfide copper(I) barium sulfide ammonium aluminum manganese(II)
sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfide
Ag2SO4 PbSO4 Cu2SO4 BaSO4 (NH4)2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 MnSO4

SO42− silver sulfate lead(II) sulfate copper(I) barium sulfate ammonium aluminum manganese(II)
sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfate
AgClO2 Pb(ClO2)2 CuClO2 Ba(ClO2)2 NH4ClO2 Al(ClO2)3 Mn(ClO2)2

ClO2− silver chlorite lead(II) chlorite copper(I) barium chlorite ammonium aluminum manganese(II)
chlorite chlorite chlorite chlorite
Ag(PO3)3 Pb3(PO3)2 Cu3PO3 Ba3(PO3)2 (NH4)3PO3 AlPO3 Mn3(PO3)2
PO33− silver phosphite lead(II) copper(I) barium ammonium aluminum manganese(II)
phosphite phosphite phosphite phosphite phosphite phosphite
iii
T E A C H E R
Table 11. Naming Molecular Compounds

Formula Name
[Al(OH)4]− tetrahydroxoaluminate(III) ion
[Ag(NH3)2]+ diamminesilver(I) ion
[Zn(OH)4]2− tetrahydroxozincate(II) ion
[Zn(NH3)4]2+ tetramminezinc(II) ion
[Cu(NH3)4]2+ tetramminecopper(II) ion
[FeSCN]2+ thiocyanatoiron(III) ion*
[FeSCN]Cl2 thiocyanoiron(III) chloride
T E A C H E R
[Cd(NH3)4]2+ tetramminecadmium(II) ion
[Ag(CN)2]− dicyanoargentate(I) ion
Mg[Ag(CN)2]2 magnesium dicyanoargentate(I)
[Cu(Cl2Br2I2)]4− dibromodichlorodiiodocuprate(II) ion
[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride
K3[Fe(CN)6] potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
[Pt(NH3)3Br]Cl triamminebromoplatinum(II) chloride
[Cu(Cl2Br2INH3)]4− amminedibromodichloroiodocuprate(I) ion
K3[CoF6] potassium hexafluorocobaltate(III)
[Co(NH3)6]Cl2 hexaamminecobalt(II) chloride
[Fe(CN)6]4− hexacyanoferrate(II)
* In reality, it is the nitrogen that is the donor atom so you may see SCN− written as NSC−, which instead makes this
formula [FeNSC]2+ and name isothiocyanatoiron(III) ion.
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VOCABULARY
Ion — an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons

Monatomic ion — an atom that has gained or lost electrons and has a charge
Polyatomic ion — a group of covalently bound atoms that has a charge
Anion — a negatively charged ion
Cation — a positively charged ion
Charge — the positive or negative value assigned to an ion as a result of having lost or gained
electrons
Oxidation number — hypothetical charge a covalently bound atom would have IF its bonds were
ionic
Acid — a compound that donates a H+ ion during a reaction
Ionic compound — a compound made of positively and negatively charged ions
Molecular compound — a compound held together by shared pairs of electrons
Hydrocarbon — a compound composed of carbon and hydrogen
Alcohol — a hydrocarbon that has had one or more of its hydrogens replaced with –OH groups
Complex ion — a metal ion that has been surrounded by ligands to form a large polyatomic ion
Ligand — a neutral or charged molecule that covalently bonds to a metal ion to form a complex
ion
Coordination compound — a neutral ionic compound formed between a complex ion and another
ion
INTRODUCTION
Writing chemical formulas will open your eyes to the chemical world. Once you are able to write
correct chemical formulas there are four naming systems you will need to master. The trick lies in
recognizing which naming system to use! Use the following guidelines when making your
decisions about how to name compounds.
 If the chemical formula for the compound starts with H, it is an acid. Use the Naming Acids
rules.
 If the chemical formula for the compound starts with C and contains quite a few H’s and
perhaps some O’s, it is organic. Use the Naming Organic Compounds rules.
 If the chemical formula for the compound starts with a metal it is most likely ionic. Use the
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds rules.
 If the chemical formula for the compound starts with a nonmetal other than H or C, use the
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds rules.
It is essential that you memorize at least 9 common polyatomic ions. Polyatomic ions are groups
of atoms that behave as a unit and possess an overall charge. If more than one copy of a
polyatomic ion is needed to create a chemical formula, the ion must be enclosed in parentheses
before adding the subscripts. You need to know their names, formulas and charges. If you learn
the nine that follow, you can determine the formula and charges for many others from applying
two simple patterns.
Name of Polyatomic Ion: Formula & Charge:

Ammonium ion NH4+
Acetate ion C2H3O2−

Cyanide ion CN−
Hydroxide ion OH−
Nitrate ion NO3−
Chlorate ion ClO3−
Sulfate ion SO42−

Carbonate ion CO32−
Phosphate ion PO43−
Pattern 1: The -ates “ate” one more oxygen than the -ites however, their charge does not change
as a result. For instance, if you know nitrate is NO3−, then nitrite must be NO2−. If you know
phosphate is PO43−, then phosphite must be PO33−. You can also use the prefixes hypo- and per-
with the chlorate series. Perchlorate, ClO4−, was really “hyper and -ate yet another oxygen” when
compared to chlorate, ClO3−. Hypochlorite is a double whammy. It is -ite and therefore “ate” one
less oxygen than chlorate and it is hypo- which means “below” so it “ate” even one less oxygen
than plain chlorite so its formula must be ClO−. You can substitute the other halogens for chlorine
and make similar sets of this series.
Pattern 2: The -ates with charges less than negative one, meaning ions with charges of −2, −3,
etc., can have an H added to them to form new polyatomic ions. For each H added the charge is
increased by a +1. For instance, CO32− can have an H added and become HCO3−. HCO3− is called
either the bicarbonate ion or the hydrogen carbonate ion. Since phosphate is negative three, you
can add one or two hydrogens to make new polyatomic ions, HPO42− and H2PO4−. The names are
hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate, respectively. If you continue adding hydrogen
ions until you reach neutral, you’ve made an acid! That means you need to see the Naming Acids
rules.
Pattern 3: Use of the following periodic table will also come in handy. Notice the simple
patterns for determining the most common oxidation states of the elements based on their family’s
position on the periodic table. Notice the IA family is +1 while the IIA family is +2. Skip across
to the IIIA family, and notice that aluminum is +3. Working backwards from the halogens, or
VIIA family, they are most commonly −1 while the VIA family is −2 and the VA family is −3.
The IV A family is “wishy-washy,” and can be several oxidation states, the most common being
 4.
NAMING ACIDS
How do I know it is an acid? The compound’s formula begins with a hydrogen, H, and water
doesn’t count. Naming acids is extremely easy, if you know your polyatomic ions. There are three
rules to follow:
 H + element: If the acid has only one element following the H, then use the prefix hydro-
followed by the element’s root name and an -ic ending. HCl is hydrochloric acid. H2S is
hydrosulfuric acid. When you see an acid name beginning with “hydro”, think “Caution,
element approaching!” (HCN is an exception since it is a polyatomic ion without oxygen, and
it is named hydrocyanic acid.)
 H + -ate polyatomic ion: If the acid has an “-ate” polyatomic ion after the H, then it makes an
“-ic” acid. H2SO4 is sulfuric acid.
 H + -ite polyatomic ion: If the acid has an “-ite” polyatomic ion after the H, then it makes an “-
ous” acid. H2SO3 is sulfurous acid.
When writing formulas for acids you must have enough H+ added to the anion to make the
compound neutral. Also note that -ate and -ite polyatomic ions contain oxygen so, their acids are
often referred to as oxyacids.
NAMING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
How do I know it is organic? The chemical formula will start with a C followed by hydrogens and
may even contain some oxygen. Most of the organic carbons you will encounter will be either
hydrocarbons or alcohols. These are the simplest of all to name. Memorize the list of prefixes in
Table B found in the conclusion questions. The prefixes correspond to the number of carbons
present in the compound and will be the stem for each organic compound. Notice that the prefixes
are standard geometric prefixes once you pass the first four carbons. This silly statement will help
you remember the order of the first four prefixes: “Me Eat Peanut Butter.” This corresponds to
meth-, eth-, prop-, and but- which correspond to 1, 2, 3, and 4 carbons, respectively. Now that we
have a stem, we need an ending. There are three common hydrocarbon endings that you will need
to know as well as the ending for alcohols. The ending changes depending on the structure of the
molecule.
 -ane - alkane (all single bonds & saturated) CnH2n+2; The alkanes are referred to as saturated
hydrocarbons because they contain only single bonds and thus, the maximum number of
hydrogen atoms.
 -ene = alkene (contains one double bond & unsaturated) CnH2n; The alkenes are referred to as
unsaturated hydrocarbons because a pair of hydrogens have been removed to create the double
bond.
 -yne ≡ alkyne (contains one triple bond & unsaturated) CnH2n−2; The alkynes are also referred
to as unsaturated, because two pairs of hydrogens have been removed to create the triple bond.
The term polyunsaturated means that the compound contains more than one double or triple
bond.
 -ol – alcohol (one H is replaced with a hydroxyl group, -OH group, to form an alcohol)
CnH2n+1OH; Do not be fooled—this looks like a hydroxide ion, but is not! It does not make
this hydrocarbon an alkaline or basic compound. Do not name these as a hydroxide! C2H6 is
ethane while C2H5OH is ethanol.
NAMING BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
How do I know it is ionic? The chemical formula will begin with a metal cation (+ ion) or the
ammonium cation. The ending is often a polyatomic anion. If only two elements are present, they
are usually from opposite sides of the periodic table, like KCl. If the metal can have more than one
oxidation state, be prepared to use a Roman numeral indicating which oxidation state the metal is
exhibiting. Group IA alkali metals, Group IIA alkaline earth metals, aluminum (Al), silver (Ag),
cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) are exceptions to the Roman numeral rule because their charges are
constant. Group IA metals are always +1, Group IIA metals are always +2, Al is always +3, Ag is
always +1, and Cd and Zn are always +2 in chemical compounds.
In order to name these compounds, first name the ions.
Naming positive ions: Metals commonly form cations.

 Monatomic positive ions in Group A are named by simply writing the name of the metal from
which it is derived. Al3+ is the aluminum ion.
 Metals often form more than one type of positive ion so Roman numerals (in parentheses)
follow the ion’s name. Cu2+ is the copper(II) ion. Remember the exceptions — IA, IIA, Al,
Ag, Cd, Zn.
 NH4+ is the ammonium ion. It is the only positive polyatomic ion that you will encounter.

Naming negative ions: Nonmetals commonly form anions (− ions). Most of the polyatomic ions
are also negatively-charged.
 Monatomic negative ions are named by adding the suffix -ide to the stem of the nonmetal’s
name. Group VIIA, the Halogens are called the halides. Cl− is the chloride ion.
 Polyatomic anions are given the names of the polyatomic ion. You must memorize these as
instructed. NO2− is the nitrite ion.
Naming the Compound: The + ion (cation) name is given first followed by the name of the
negative ion (anion). Remember, to include the Roman numeral that indicates a metal’s charge for
the many metals that have more than one oxidation state. No prefixes are used in naming ionic
compounds.
NAMING BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
How will I know it is a molecular compound? The chemical formula will contain a combination of
nonmetals, both lying near each other on the periodic table. No polyatomic ions will be present.
Use the following set of prefixes when naming molecular compounds.
Subscript Prefix
1 Mono-
[usually used only on the second element; such as
carbon monoxide or nitrogen monoxide]
2 di-
3 tri-
4 tetra-
5 penta-
6 hexa-
7 hepta-
8 octa-
9 nona-
10 deca-
Naming the Compound: The name of the element with the positive oxidation state is given first,
followed by the name of the element with the negative oxidation state. Use prefixes to indicate the
number of atoms of each element. Don’t forget the -ide ending. If the second element’s name
begins with a vowel, then the “a” at the end of the prefix is usually dropped. N2O5 is dinitrogen
pentoxide not dinitrogen pentaoxide. PCl5 is phosphorous pentachloride not phosphorous
pentchloride.
FORMULA WRITING
Naming is the trickiest part! Once you have been given the name, the formula writing is easy as
long as you have memorized the formulas and charges of the polyatomic ions. The prefixes of a
molecular compound make it really easy to write the formula since the prefix tells you how many
atoms are present for each element. Roman numerals are your friend; they tell you the charge of
the metal ions that can have more than one oxidation state and thus form positive ions with
different charges. Remember that Group IA, Group IIA, Al, Ag, Cd, & Zn are usually not written
with a Roman numeral; you must know their charges. The most important thing to remember is
that, the sum of the charges must add up to zero in order to form a neutral compound. The
crisscross method is very useful—the charge on one ion becomes the subscript on the other. If you
use this method, you must always check to see that the subscripts are in their lowest whole number
ratio! Here are some examples:
1+ 2− 1 2
potassium oxide  K O K O  K2O
3+ 1− 3 1
iron(III) chlorate  Fe ClO3  Fe ClO3  Fe(ClO3)3
4+ 2− 4 2
tin(IV) sulfite  Sn SO3  Sn SO3  Sn2(SO3)4  Sn(SO3)2
zinc acetate  Zn2+ C2H3O21−  Zn 2 C2H3O21  Zn(C2H3O2)2
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY NOMENCLATURE
These are actually quite fun! The rules are simple and you will really feel like you are speaking
chemistry. Square brackets are used to enclose a complex ion or neutral coordination species.
A complex ion is composed of a single central atom or ion with other atoms or molecules attached.
The atoms or molecules attached are known as ligands. The number of ligands attached is called
the coordination number of the complex ion. The naming of complex cations and complex anions
is similar, except that anions are always made to end in -ate. Coordination compounds, like other
ionic compounds, are named with the cation preceding the anion regardless of which (if either) one
of them is a complex ion.
The rules for naming complex ions or compounds are as follows:

 As with any ionic compound, the cation is named before the anion.
 In naming a complex ion, the ligands are named before the central metal ion.
 In naming ligands, an “-o” is added to the root name of any anion. For example, the halides as
ligands are called fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo; hydroxide is hydroxo; cyanide is cyano;
nitrite is nitrito, etc. If the ligands are neutral, omit the “-o” ending. Neutral ligands take the
name they normally use as neutral molecules. There are four exceptions which must be
memorized: H2O as a ligand is known as aqua, NH3 is named ammine [note the “mm” in the
spelling so it is not confused with the functional group –NH2, an amine group], CO is named
carbonyl, and NO is nitrosyl.
 The number of each kind of ligand is specified by the usual Greek prefix: mono-, di-, tri-,
tetra-, penta-, and hexa-.
 The oxidation number of the central metal atom is designated by a Roman numeral in
parentheses.
 When more than one type of ligand is present, they are named in alphabetical order with no
regard for the Greek (numerical) prefix.
 If the complex has a negative charge, the suffix -ate is added to the name of the metal. When a
Latin symbol is used for the element, the element takes the Latin name in complex anions but
not in complex cations. For example, [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is called the tetraamminecopper(II)
ion but [Cu(CN)6]4− is called the hexacyanocuprate(II) ion. Likewise [Al(NH3)6]3+ is called
the hexaamminealuminum(III) ion but [Al(OH)4]− is called the tetrahydroxoaluminate(III) ion.
Common Neutral Ligands

Formula Name
H2O aqua
NH3 ammine
CO carbonyl
NO nitrosyl
Common Anion Ligands
Formula Name
−
F fluoro
Cl− chloro
Br− bromo
I− iodo
−
OH hydroxo
CN− cyano
−
SCN thiocyano
2−
S2O3 thiosulfato
C2O42− oxalato
Latin Names Used for Some Metal Ions in Anionic Complex Ions
iron ferrate
copper cuprate
lead plumbate
silver argentate
gold aurate
tin stannate
PURPOSE
To master the skill of writing and naming chemical formulas.
MATERIALS
Each lab group will need the following:
bag, zipper-lock, quart
copy of student formula manipulatives
scissors
PROCEDURE
Safety Alert
Use care when handling scissors.
1. Carefully cut out the models on Template 1. Group them by similar charge or oxidation state.
2. Trace over the symbol and oxidation state of each element using colored markers and apply the
color scheme below:
Color Oxidation State
Blue +1
Red −1
Yellow +2
Green −2
Purple +3
Pink −3
3. Notice how the models fit together. If an element has a +3 oxidation state, it requires three
elements with a −1 oxidation state to create a complete compound and the subscripts would
reflect a 1:3 ratio.
4. Review the rules for naming acids and complete Table A on your student answer page. Use the
models you created from Template 1 as needed. Supply either the acid’s name or its formula to
complete Table A.
5. Review the rules for naming binary ionic and molecular compounds. Use the models you
created from Template 1 as needed. Supply the compound’s formula and name to complete
Table C. If the charge or oxidation state is missing from the table, it is because you should
already know them or be able to determine them due to their position in the periodic table.
6. Carefully cut out the shapes on Template 2. Each carbon model has 4 inward notches. The
model “bonds” found on Template 2 are for connecting the carbons. These shapes will be used
to help you with organic compounds. There is no need to color them.
7. Review the rules for naming organic hydrocarbons and alcohols. Use your models from
Template 2 as needed. Fill in the missing formulas and names for each compound in Table B.
All You Really Need to Know About Chemical Names and Formulas SUMMARIZED
In this flowchart, D and J in the general formula DxJy can represent atoms, monatomic ions, or
polyatomic ions.
DxJy
Yes Compound is an acid;

D=H
use the table below
No
No More than Yes Compound MUST

Compound is
TWO elements? contain a polyatomic
binary its name
ends in -ide icon its name ends in
-ite or -ate
Yes No
D = metal D = Group IA, IIA, _ No
Al, Cd, Ag, or Zn?
Compound is binary
molecular; use Yes
Yes D = Group IA, IIA, _No Name the ions; use
Al, Cd, Ag, or Zn? prefixes in the name a Roman numeral to
indicate the charge
on the cation
Name the ions
Name the ions Name the ions; use
a Roman numeral to
indicate the charge
on the cation
Naming Acids
Anion ending Example Acid name Example

2-
–ide S Hydro-(stem)-ic hydrosulfuric
sulfide acid acid
SO3 -
2
–ite (stem)-ous sulfurous
sulfite acid acid
SO4 -
2
–ate (stem)-ic sulfuric
sulfate acid acid
CONCLUSION QUESTIONS
Table A
Acid Formula Acid Name
HCl
hypochlorous acid
chlorous acid
chloric acid
perchloric acid (“hyperchloric” acid)
HNO3
hydrobromic acid
H3PO4
H3PO3
hydrocyanic acid
HC2H3O2
carbonic acid
hydroiodic acid
HF
Table B
-ane -ene -yne -anol

# of carbon atoms = n prefix or stem
CnH2n+2 CnH2n CnH2n−2 CnH2n+1OH
None here because you

must have at least 2 CH3OH
1 meth-
carbons for multiple methanol
bonding
2 eth-
C3H6
3 prop-
propene
4 but-
C5H12
5 pent-
pentane
6 hex-
C7H15OH
7 hept-
heptanol
C8H14
8 oct-
octyne
9 non-
10 dec-
Table C
Ag+ Pb2+ Cu+ Ba2+ NH4+ Al3+ Mn2+
N3−
O2−
Br−
S2−
SO42−
ClO2−
PO33−
Table D
Formula Name
tetrahydroxoaluminate(III) ion
[Ag(NH3)2]+
tetrahydroxozincate(II) ion
[Zn(NH3)4]2+
tetramminecopper(II) ion
[FeSCN]2+
[FeSCN]Cl2
tetramminecadmium(II) ion
[Ag(CN)2]−
Mg[Ag(CN)2]2
dibromodichlorodiiodocuprate(II) ion
[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
triamminebromoplatinum(II) chloride
[Cu(Cl2Br2INH3)]4−
K3[CoF6]
[Co(NH3)6]Cl2
hexacyanoferrate(II)
Template 1
+ -
NH4 2+
Br
Pb Cl
-
2+
Mn + -
Ag NO3
+
H
3+ + 3-
Al H N
+
H
+
H H
+
2-
+ + O
H H
+ +
H Cu 2-
H
+ S
2+
H
+ Ba
2-
H
+ SO4
-
ClO
- 3-
ClO2 PO4
-
ClO3
- -
ClO4 CN
- -
C2H3O2
F
-
I
3-
PO3
2-
S
2-
CO3
Template 2
H H OH
C
C C
C
H H OH
H H
C C OH
H H
Use the models below as
H H
single, double and triple
bonds for connecting
C C
carbons.
Remember, DO NOT
H H
allow C to have more
than FOUR total bonds!
H H
C C H H
H H
C C H H
H H
H H

Chemical Nomenclature 1

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Chemical Nomenclature 1

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Chemical Nomenclature

About this Lesson

This lesson is included in the LTF Chemistry Module 4.

 Learn to apply the rules of chemical nomenclature.

Practice naming and writing formulas.

Common Core State Standards for Science Content

Code Standard Level of Depth of

Materials and resources

The following additional assessments are located on the LTF website:

Table 8. Naming Acids

HClO hypochlorous acid

HClO2 chlorous acid

HClO3 chloric acid

HClO4 perchloric acid (or “hyperchloric” acid)

HNO3 nitric acid

HBr hydrobromic acid

H3PO3 phosphorous acid

HCN hydrocyanic acid

HC2H3O2 acetic acid

H2CO3 carbonic acid

2 eth– C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C2H5OH

Ag2O PbO Cu2O BaO (NH4)2O Al2O3 MnO

AgBr PbBr2 CuBr BaBr2 NH4Br AlBr3 MnBr2

Ag2S PbS Cu2S BaS (NH4)2S Al2S3 MnS

Ag2SO4 PbSO4 Cu2SO4 BaSO4 (NH4)2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 MnSO4

AgClO2 Pb(ClO2)2 CuClO2 Ba(ClO2)2 NH4ClO2 Al(ClO2)3 Mn(ClO2)2

Ag(PO3)3 Pb3(PO3)2 Cu3PO3 Ba3(PO3)2 (NH4)3PO3 AlPO3 Mn3(PO3)2

Answer Key (continued)

Table 11. Naming Molecular Compounds

[Ag(NH3)2]+ diamminesilver(I) ion

[Zn(OH)4]2− tetrahydroxozincate(II) ion

[Zn(NH3)4]2+ tetramminezinc(II) ion

[Cu(NH3)4]2+ tetramminecopper(II) ion

[FeSCN]2+ thiocyanatoiron(III) ion*

[FeSCN]Cl2 thiocyanoiron(III) chloride

[Ag(CN)2]− dicyanoargentate(I) ion

Mg[Ag(CN)2]2 magnesium dicyanoargentate(I)

[Cu(Cl2Br2I2)]4− dibromodichlorodiiodocuprate(II) ion

[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride

K3[Fe(CN)6] potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)

[Pt(NH3)3Br]Cl triamminebromoplatinum(II) chloride

[Cu(Cl2Br2INH3)]4− amminedibromodichloroiodocuprate(I) ion

K3[CoF6] potassium hexafluorocobaltate(III)

[Co(NH3)6]Cl2 hexaamminecobalt(II) chloride

Ion — an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons

Name of Polyatomic Ion: Formula & Charge:

Acetate ion C2H3O2−

Sulfate ion SO42−

Phosphate ion PO43−

NAMING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

NAMING BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

In order to name these compounds, first name the ions.

Naming positive ions: Metals commonly form cations.

NAMING BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

zinc acetate  Zn2+ C2H3O21−  Zn 2 C2H3O21  Zn(C2H3O2)2

COORDINATION CHEMISTRY NOMENCLATURE

The rules for naming complex ions or compounds are as follows:

Common Neutral Ligands

Yes Compound is an acid;

No More than Yes Compound MUST

Anion ending Example Acid name Example

perchloric acid (“hyperchloric” acid)

-ane -ene -yne -anol

None here because you