GRAMMAR MAP

Modal verbs
I / you / we / they can
he / she / it can

I / you / we / they can’t

CAN he / she / it can’t

I / you / we / they? Short answers

Can
he / she / it? Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they can.
No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they can’t.

I / you / we / they must

he / she / it must

MUST
I / you / we / they mustn’t
he / she / it mustn’t

I / you / we / they have to

he / she / it has to

I / you / we / they don’t have to

HAVE TO he / she / it doesn’t have to

Do I / you / we / they have to? Short answers

Does he / she / it have to? Yes, I / you / we / they do.
Yes, he / she / it does.
No, I / you / we / they don’t.
No, he / she / it doesn’t.

USE
can / can’t talking about ability (A), permission (P) or possibility (PS)
Who can tell me the answer? (A)
We can use our dictionaries in the test. (P)
I can come tomorrow at 10. (PS)
must obligation we put on ourselves; order; strong recommendation

I really must buy mum a birthday card.
You must finish your homework now.
have to obligation from an external source
I have to do my homework. (My teacher told me)
mustn’t prohibition
You mustn’t park here!
don’t have to absence of obligation (it is not necessary)
You don’t have to get up early on Saturday.