S NO REFORM REFORMER YEAR COUNTRY

1 Dalit Buddhist movement. B. R. Ambedkar 1956 India

2 Royal Statistical Society Florence Nightingale 1910 London, UK

3 Abolition Frederick Douglass 1890 America

4 Brahmo Sabha Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1828 India

5 British anti-slavery movement William Wilberforce 1807 India

6 Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 1856 India

7 educate girls and bring about gender equality Savitribai Phule 1873 India

8 Book of Lamentations Jeremiah Isaiah

9 women's suffrage and social work Jane Addams 1910 USA

10 co-founding the Indian National Congress Dadabhai Naoroji 1885 India

11 Waldorf education and biodynamic agriculture Rudolf Steiner 1924 Croatia

clash against corrupt clergy and with tyrranical

12 Girolamo Savonarola Italy
rulers
 American Anti-Slavery Society & women's
13 William Lloyd Garrison 1870 America
suffrage movement

14 caste system and untouchability Jyotiba Phule 1950 India

helping alcoholics through its Twelve Steps

15 William Griffith Wilson 1999 US
program

16 co-operative movement and utopian socialism Robert Owen UK

17 Hindu reform movement Dayananda Saraswati 1867 India

18 welfare of the mentally ill Dorothea Dix 1979 US

19 empowering people suffering from leprosy Baba Amte India

20 human rights and nonviolence Vinoba Bhave 1958 India

21 Seneca Falls Convention Lucretia Mott 1983 US

22 caste system Narayana Guru 1855 India

23 Beveridge Report William Beveridge Bangladesh

24 Bhakti movement and an early social reformer Ramananda India

25 Liberal Republican Party Carl Schurz 1848 Germany

26 Swadeshi movement Bipin Chandra Pal Bangladesh

Widow Marriage Association, and

27 Mahadev Govind Ranade India
Vaktruttvottejak Sabha

28 Indian struggle for independence Charles Freer Andrews UK

29 Christian theology Keshab Chunder Sen India

founded a settlement for other fugitive slaves

30 Josiah Henson US
in Kent County

31 widows' education Dhondo Keshav Karve 1958 India

32 Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti Kanshi Ram India

33 Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti Philip Melanchthon Germany

34 National Consumers League’s Florence Kelley US

35 Fugitive Slave Act Theodore Parker US

36 Reform Movement Kang Youwei 1898 China

 National Association for the Advancement of
37 Mary White Ovington US
Colored People (NAACP)

38 Pietist movement Nikolaus Zinzendorf Germany

Merrymount, present-day Quincy,

39 Thomas Morton England
Massachusetts

40 double predestination Peter Martyr Vermigli Itlay

41 Republican Party and the Liberty Party Gerrit Smith 1860 US

42 nepotism and private monopolies Wang Anshi China

43 Boy Scouts of America Daniel Carter Beard US

44 London School of Economics Sidney Webb England

45 Sulabh International Bindeshwar Pathak 1991 India

46 Transcendentalism George Ripley US

47 the Greatest Hungarian István Széchenyi Austria

48 Ethical Culture movement Felix Adler Germany

49 anti-slavery advocate Abigail Kelley Foster US

50 Bluestockings Elizabeth Montagu England

civil rights movement and Operation

51 Leon Sullivan US
Breadbasket

immigrant factory workers and reformation for

52 Ellen Gates Starr US
child labor laws

53 Working Men's Party and the Democratic Party. Robert Dale Owen Scotland

54 child labor laws Grace Abbott US

55 Children’s Aid Society Charles Loring Brace US

56 Holiness movement leader Amanda Smith US

57 child labor and related issues Florence Jaffray Harriman US

58 American Social Science Association Franklin Benjamin Sanborn US

59 New York Consumers League Josephine Shaw Lowell US

60 euthanasia Charles Eliot Norton US

61 New York State Commission on Prison Reform Thomas Mott Osborne US

62 female factory workers and child laborers Mary Van Kleeck US

 anti-slavery and women’s empowerment
63 Frances Dana Barker Gage US
campaigns

64 Social Service Review Sophonisba Breckinridge US

65 ducation and children’s welfare Julia Lathrop US

66 Combination Acts Francis Place England

67 anti-slavery sentiments Benjamin Lundy US

68 Practicable Socialism Samuel Barnett England

69 New York’s East Harlem Deborah Meier US

70 Lexington Civic League Madeline McDowell Breckinridge US

71 women’s suffrage and empowerment of women Lillie Devereux Blake US

Essential School movement and the Coalition of

72 Ted Sizer US
Essential Schools

73 History of Woman Suffrage Ida Husted Harper US

74 women’s empowerment Hannah G. Solomon US

75 Knights of Labor Uriah Smith Stephens US

76 women’s suffrage movement Katherine Dreier US

77 Money for Women Barbara Deming NEW YORK

78 Neighborhood Union Lugenia Burns Hope US

79 women's rights, education, and world peace May Wright Sewall US

compulsory education and eradication of child

80 Kate Barnard US
labor

81 educational reformer Carleton Washburne US

82 Brahmo Samaj reform movement Shiv Narayan Agnihotri India

83 temperance movement Annie Turner Wittenmyer US

84 Milwaukee settlement house Lizzie Black Kander US

85 escue-home movement Kate Waller Barrett US

86 women’s rights and women’s suffrage Caroline Severance US

87 Protestant reformer of Bern, Switzerland Berchtold Haller Germany

88 discrimination in Japanese society Sue Sumii JAPAN

89 Mourning to Joy Ministry Lori Bakker US

90 curb slavery and other social ills Abdul Bari 1920 India

91 revolutionary impact on Malayali poetry Kumaran Asan 1917 India

 Brief Description
India's first Minister of Law and Justice, B. R. Ambedkar inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement. He also
fought against social discrimination prevalent in India at that time. Widely regarded as the chief
architect of the Constitution of India, Ambedkar was posthumously honored with India's highest civilian
award - The Bharat Ratna.
The Lady with the Lamp Florence Nightingale is remembered for her relentless efforts in nursing
soldiers during the Crimean War. She founded London’s St Thomas' Hospital to train nurses. She also
pioneered the use of the polar area diagram and was the first female member of the Royal Statistical
Society.
Social reformer and abolitionist, Frederick Douglass was a national leader of the abolitionist movement
in Massachusetts and New York. Born into slavery, he had a difficult early life. Eventually, he managed
to escape and dedicated the rest of his life to promoting the cause of abolition. He was a great orator
and writer.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an Indian social and religious reformer. He is credited with co-founding the
Brahmo Sabha, a social-religious reform movement. Often referred to as the Father of the Bengal
Renaissance, Roy has had an influential role in fields like politics, education, and religion. In 2004, he
was ranked 10th in BBC's Greatest Bengali of all time poll.
William Wilberforce, an independent MP from Yorkshire, was a champion for the British anti-slavery
movement and made a significant contribution to the passage of the 1807 Slave Trade Act and the
1833 Slavery Abolition Act. He supported missionaries in India, founded the Church Mission Society, and
was against animal cruelty.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was an Indian social reformer and educator. He is best remembered for his
efforts to modernize and simplify Bengali prose for which he is widely regarded as the father of Bengali
prose. As a social reformer, Vidyasagar played a crucial role in enacting the Hindu Widows' Remarriage
Act, which legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows in India.
Savitribai Phule was a revolutionary social reformer who dedicated her life to educate girls and bring
about gender equality in the face of resistance from the conservative Indian society. Phule, who was
illiterate till her marriage, went on to become a teacher, a feat considered first by an Indian woman.
With her husband, she established schools for girls in Maharashtra.
Jeremiah was one of the major prophets, according to the Hebrew Bible. As per Jewish tradition, he
authored the Book of Lamentations, the Books of Kings, and the Book of Jeremiah. According to
Judaism, Jeremiah is the second of the major prophets and the Book of Jeremiah is often considered a
part of the religion's canon.

ane Addams was an American social worker, reformer, settlement activist, public administrator,
sociologist, and author. Addams was a prominent leader in the history of women's suffrage and social
work in the USA. She is credited with co-founding one of America's most popular settlement houses, the
Hull House in Chicago. Addams is also credited with co-founding the American Civil Liberties Union.

Dadabhai Naoroji was an Indian scholar and political leader. Dubbed the Grand Old Man of India,
Naoroji is remembered for co-founding the Indian National Congress where he served as the president
on three occasions. He also played an important role in India's fight for freedom, popularizing the
Indian wealth drain theory through his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.
Austrian philosopher and architect and Rudolf Steiner gained fame as a literary critic and published
works such as The Philosophy of Freedom. His interests included esotericism and clairvoyance. He
termed his work spiritual science. He designed the Goetheanum and also laid down concepts such as
Waldorf education and biodynamic agriculture.
Distingusihed for his clash against corrupt clergy and with tyrranical rulers, Girolamo Savonarola
became a moral dictator of the city of Florence. He earned a reputation for austerity and detested every
form of pleasure that earned him powerful enemies.
 William Lloyd Garrison was an American journalist, abolitionist, social reformer, and suffragist. He is
best remembered for founding The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper, which was published from
1831 to 1865. He also co-founded the American Anti-Slavery Society which helped fight slavery in the
United States. In the 1870s, William Lloyd Garrison was an important figure in the women's suffrage
movement.
Jyotiba Phule was an Indian thinker, social activist, writer, and anti-caste social reformer. During his
lifetime, he worked towards eradicating the caste system and untouchability in India. He was also a
pioneer of women education in India and began his first school for girls in Pune in 1848. B. R.
Ambedkar had often cited Jyotiba Phule as an inspiration.

William Griffith Wilson was an American social worker who co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). An
international fellowship that requires no membership fees, Alcoholics Anonymous aims at helping
alcoholics through its Twelve Steps program. In 1999, William Griffith Wilson was named in Time 100:
The Most Important People of the Century list. His life and career inspired the 2012 documentary Bill W.

While working as an apprentice to a clothes manufacturer, Robert Owen often spent hours reading at
his employer’s library. He later explored the textile industry and led a Manchester firm. Remembered as
a pioneer of the co-operative movement and utopian socialism, he improved the working conditions of
factory workers.

Dayananda Saraswati was an Indian social leader and philosopher. He is credited with founding an
influential Hindu reform movement known as Arya Samaj. He is also credited with popularizing the term
Swaraj which was used as a powerful tool by leaders like Lokmanya Tilak and Mahatma Gandhi during
India’s freedom struggle. Saraswati influenced people like Bhagat Singh and Madam Cama.

Dorothea Dix was an American advocate who fought for the welfare of the mentally ill. She helped
create the first generation of mental asylums in the United States. Dix also played a key role during the
Civil War, serving as a Superintendent of Army Nurses. In 1979, Dorothea Dix was made an inductee of
the National Women's Hall of Fame.
Baba Amte was an Indian activist and social worker best remembered for his work that aimed at
empowering people suffering from leprosy. Dubbed the modern Gandhi of India, Amte received several
prestigious awards, such as the Gandhi Peace Prize, Dr. Ambedkar International Award, Ramon
Magsaysay Award, and the Padma Vibhushan.

Vinoba Bhave was an Indian social reformer and advocate of human rights and nonviolence. A close
associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Bhave played an important role in the Indian freedom movement. In
1958, he became the first person to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership. In
1983, Vinoba Bhave was posthumously honored with the prestigious Bharat Ratna award.

Lucretia Mott was an American women's rights activist, abolitionist, and social reformer. Mott played a
major role in the events leading up to the Seneca Falls Convention, the first gathering supporting
women's rights in the USA. Lucretia Mott's work influenced Elizabeth Cady Stanton whom she
mentored. In 1983, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.
Born in Travancore in India, Narayana Guru was the son of a teacher and studied in a gurukula. He
grew up to lead a social reform movement against the caste system that he saw in erstwhile Kerala. He
believed in the motto One Caste, One Religion, One God for All.
Born to a British civil servant in British India, William Beveridge was educated at Oxford. While he
initially excelled in math and classics, he later studied law. A leading economist, he created the
Beveridge Report, which formulated the welfare state policies in the U.K. after World War II.
Ramananda was a 14th-century Vaishnava devotional poet-saint who lived in India. He is considered
the founder of the Bairagi Sampradaya, popularly known as the Ramanandi Sect. He was a pioneering
figure of the Bhakti movement and an early social reformer. Unlike many other saints of his era, he
accepted disciples without any caste or gender discrimination.
 Carl Schurz was a German-born American statesman, reformer, and journalist. After immigrating to the
USA during the German revolutions of 1848–49, Schurz became an important member of the
Republican Party. He also helped found the Liberal Republican Party which was organized to oppose the
reelection of Ulysses S. Grant.
Bipin Chandra Pal was an Indian nationalist, social reformer, writer, orator, and freedom fighter. Along
with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal was part of the famous Lal Bal Pal
triumvirate. Pal played a key role in the establishment of the Swadeshi movement. He also worked for
popular publications and promoted his brand of nationalism.
Mahadev Govind Ranade was an Indian social reformer, scholar, author, and judge. Ranade is credited
with co-founding the Indian National Congress as well as founding several organizations like the Poona
Sarvajanik Sabha, Widow Marriage Association, and Vaktruttvottejak Sabha. He also contributed as an
editor of a nationalist publication named Induprakash.
Charles Freer Andrews was a Christian missionary and Anglican priest. He was also an educator and
social reformer. A close friend of Indian freedom fighters Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi, he
supported the Indian struggle for independence. Gandhi fondly called him Deenabandhu, or "Friend of
the Poor". Even today, Andrews is widely respected in India.
Keshab Chunder Sen was an Indian social reformer and philosopher. Although he was born a Hindu,
Sen thought highly of Christian theology and wanted to incorporate the theology of Christian practice
into the framework of Hindu thought. By the use of Christian missionary methods, Keshab Chunder Sen
effected several social reforms in India.
Josiah Henson was an American abolitionist, author, and minister. Henson escaped to Upper Canada
after being born into slavery and founded a settlement for other fugitive slaves in Kent County. Josiah
Henson's autobiography about his escape from slavery is said to have inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe's
title character in her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Dhondo Keshav Karve was an Indian social reformer who worked for women's welfare in India. A
pioneer in supporting widows' education, Karve also promoted widow remarriage. He also walked the
talk by marrying a widow. Karve is credited with founding SNDT Women's University, India's first
women's university. In 1958, he was honored with India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.

Kanshi Ram was an Indian social reformer and politician who worked for the betterment of the lower
caste people in India. As part of his work, Ram established the Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti in
order to help the oppressed people. Kanshi Ram is also credited with founding the Bahujan Samaj Party
which represents the backward class, including the untouchables.

German theologian Philip Melanchthon had a major role in establishing public schools in Germany. A
friend of Protestant Reformation theologian Martin Luther, he is remembered for penning the Apology
of the Augsburg Confession, a significant confession of Lutheranism. He had also served as a professor
at the University of Wittenberg.

Florence Kelley was an American political and social reformer who pioneered the term wage
abolitionism. Kelley's work for the minimum wage, children's rights, and eight-hour workdays are widely
acclaimed today. After serving as the National Consumers League’s first general secretary, Florence
Kelley helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.

Theodore Parker was an American transcendentalist minister whose words and quotations would later
help inspire popular speeches of the likes of Martin Luther King Jr. and Abraham Lincoln. A reformer
and abolitionist, Parker played a key role in fighting against such laws as the Fugitive Slave Act.

Qing dynasty reformer Kang Youwei was associated with the Reform Movement of 1898. Though he
initially admired Western civilization, opened schools, and even attempted to abolish foot-binding of
women, he later became a staunch supporter of Confucianism and opposed blind westernization. He
fled to Japan after the reform movement failed.
Mary White Ovington was an American journalist and suffragist. She is best remembered as one of the
founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Throughout her
life, Mary White Ovington remained active in the fight for women's suffrage in the United States of
America. She also wrote several articles and books including an autobiography.
Born into one of the noblest Austrian families, Nikolaus Zinzendorf devoted his life to the welfare of the
poor. Recognized as a distinguished leader of the Moravian church and a reformer of the Pietist
movement, he created a worldwide missionary network that he hoped would sustain an ecumenical
Protestant movement.

Thomas Morton was a colonist in North America who immigrated from Devon, England. Morton was also
a social reformer, writer, and lawyer best remembered for studying Native American culture. He is
credited with founding the colony of Merrymount, present-day Quincy, Massachusetts.

Italian reformer Peter Martyr Vermigli was born to a shoemaker and was initially an abbot at St. Peter
ad Aram. He is best known for siding with the Calvinist doctrine of the Eucharist and had penned works
such as Loci Communes. He also developed his very own idea of double predestination

Gerrit Smith was an American social reformer, politician, abolitionist, and philanthropist. Although he
was a prominent candidate for President of the USA in 1848, 1856, and 1860, Smith served only 18
months in the federal government. Throughout his life, he was a major financial contributor to the
Republican Party and the Liberty Party.
Wang Anshi was a Chinese author and political reformer who implemented the New Laws. After clearing
his civil services examination, he worked as an administrator for 2 decades. He later served as the
Chancellor of Song Dynasty and initiated reforms against nepotism and private monopolies in the
country.

Daniel Carter Beard was an American author, illustrator, social reformer, and Georgist. He is credited
with founding the Sons of Daniel Boone, which he later integrated with the Boy Scouts of America. He
also served as the editor of Boys' Life magazine and helped his sister assemble the Camp Fire Girls

Born to a lower-middle-class family, economist Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield had quit school before
16 but later attended evening classes to clear both the civil service and bar exams. He and his wife,
Beatrice Webb, were both part of the Fabian Society and co-founded the London School of Economics.

Bindeshwar Pathak is an Indian social entrepreneur and sociologist. He is known for founding Sulabh
International, a social service organization that aims at promoting environmental sanitation, human
rights, waste management, non-conventional sources of energy, and social reforms through education.
Pathak's work is regarded as pioneering in the field of hygiene and sanitation. In 1991, he was awarded
the Padma Bhushan.
George Ripley was an American journalist, Unitarian minister, and social reformer. He is best
remembered for his association with Transcendentalism. Ripley is credited with founding a Utopian
community named Brook Farm in Massachusetts. He later established himself as a literati, working for
the New York Tribune and publishing the New American Cyclopaedia.
Remembered as "the Greatest Hungarian,” István Széchenyi was a reformer and author who had
initially fought against Napoleon I. He had served as the minister of public works and transport and
improved his country’s waterways and roadways. Charged with sedition against Austria’s reign over
Hungary, he later committed suicide.
The son of Reform Judaism pioneer and rabbi Samuel Adler, Felix Adler was a German-American
educator who had taught at Cornell and Columbia universities. He established the Ethical Culture
movement, focusing on tying all human beings with the thread of universal morality. He also worked to
abolish child labor.
Born into a Quaker household, Abigail Kelley Foster later grew up to be a teacher and a strong anti-
slavery advocate. Both she and her husband, Stephen Symonds Foster, also worked on women’s rights
issues. She was also named to the National Women's Hall of Fame.
 Part of the 18th-century London intellectual circle, socialite Elizabeth Montagu was a pioneering
member of the Bluestockings, a group of women who engaged in evening conversations as a substitute
to card-playing. The wife of affluent landowner Edward Montagu, she inherited his riches and later built
the Montagu House.
Born into a poor neighborhood, Leon Sullivan later bagged an athletic scholarship but had to abandon
his sports career due to an injury. He later became a Zion Baptist Church pastor and was actively
involved in the civil rights movement and Operation Breadbasket, the latter meant to uplift Blacks
economically.
Ellen Gates Starr is best remembered for co-establishing the Hull House social settlement in Chicago
along with activist Jane Addams. Initially an art student, she later dedicated her life for the betterment
of immigrant factory workers and reformation for child labor laws. She later retired to a Roman Catholic
convent.
Born to Welsh social reformer Robert Owen, Robert Dale Owen followed in his father’s footsteps to
become a socialist and even teamed up with his father to set up a socialist community in New Harmony,
Indiana. He was also a key part of the Working Men's Party and the Democratic Party.
Grace Abbott is best remembered for her efforts toward securing reformation of child labor laws and the
betterment of the work conditions of immigrant laborers. After her graduation, she moved to Hull
House, where she focused on social work. She later penned books such as The Immigrant and the
Community.
Known as the pioneer of the modern foster care system, Charles Loring Brace was raised by a single
father. He established New York’s Children’s Aid Society and served as its executive secretary for almost
4 decades. His works inspired the Social Gospel movement. He also spearheaded the Orphan Train
movement.

Born into slavery, Amanda Smith later stepped into freedom after her father bought his and his family’s
freedom. Starting as a domestic help, she later became a missionary and a Holiness movement leader,
who invested in women’s education wholeheartedly and even established an orphanage for Black girls.

Born to an affluent New York banker, Florence Jaffray Harriman initially established herself as a well-
known socialite. She later invested in social reform, organizing events and campaigns on child labor and
related issues. She also served as an American minister to Norway during World War II.

A renowned social scientist, journalist, and teacher, Franklin Benjamin Sanborn is remembered for
establishing the American Social Science Association. The Harvard alumnus was a prominent abolitionist
and was associated with many intellectuals and literary legends in Concord, Massachusetts. As part of
the Secret Six, he funded John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry.
Best remembered for establishing the New York Consumers League, Josephine Shaw Lowell believed
that charity shouldn’t just relieve people’s suffering but also help people in overcoming their misery by
rehabilitating them. She was also the first female commissioner of the New York Charities Commission
and campaigned for women’s rights.

American art professor and author Charles Eliot Norton was also a prominent social reformer. The
Harvard graduate not only lectured at his alma later but also penned a number of books, which included
a translation of The Divine Comedy by Dante. He also campaigned in support of euthanasia.

A renowned penologist, Thomas Mott Osborne is known for introducing several reforms for prisoners,
such as self-help and humanitarian programs. While chairing the New York State Commission on Prison
Reform, he disguised himself as a prisoner to learn about their living conditions. He had also been a
Sing Sing State Prison warden.
Dutch-American social reformer Mary Van Kleeck is remembered for her relentless work for female
factory workers and child laborers. She also headed the department of international studies of the
Russell Sage Foundation for more than 3 decades. She supported Soviet socialism and also penned
books such as Creative America.
 Known for her involvement in various anti-slavery and women’s empowerment campaigns, Frances
Dana Barker Gage was a prominent American social reformer. She was also associated with the farmers’
papers Ohio Cultivator and Field Notes. She also worked toward achieving women’s voting rights and
property rights.
Apart from being a prominent Progressive Era social reformer, Sophonisba Breckinridge also created
history by becoming the first female to be named to the Kentucky bar and the first woman PhD holder
in political science and economics at the University of Chicago. She also launched the journal Social
Service Review.
Born to a well-known lawyer, Julia Lathrop initially worked in her father’s law office and later turned into
a full-fledged social reformer working on areas such as education and children’s welfare. She also
created history by serving as the first director of the U.S. Children’s Bureau.
Initially a leather breeches manufacturer, social reformer Francis Place participated in various working-
class movements, before launching his tailoring shop. His socialist streak pushed him into politics, and
he successfully campaigned against the Combination Acts that prohibited trade unions. He also became
a Malthusian at one point.

Born into a Quaker household, Benjamin Lundy had developed anti-slavery sentiments quite early in
life. He grew up to become one of the leading abolitionists of the 19th century. He also launched papers
such as The National Enquirer and the anti-slavery association Union Humane Society.

Apart from being the canon of Westminster Abbey, nineteenth-century Anglican priest Samuel Barnett
had built many cultural centers and establishments, such as the Toynbee Hall, in London’s East End. A
prominent social reformer, he penned works such as Practicable Socialism and worked on philanthropic
projects with his wife, Henrietta Octavia Rowland.
A leading American scholar and educationist, Deborah Meier was the person behind the small-schools
movement. Initially a kindergarten teacher, she campaigned for education for children from low-income
families and also established the Central Park East school network, primarily focusing on New York’s
East Harlem.
Madeline McDowell Breckinridge is best remembered for leading the women's suffrage movement in
Kentucky. Mostly involved with campaigns related to children’s and women’s rights, she also established
the Lexington Civic League, geared toward controlling child labor and upliftment of poor children. She
was also associated with efforts to prevent tuberculosis.

Initially a novelist, Lillie Devereux Blake later devoted her life to the cause of women’s suffrage and
empowerment of women. Raised in an affluent neighborhood, she was taught in the best schools. She
had taken to writing after finding herself in a financial crisis following her husband’s suicide.

Best remembered as one of the foremost educators of the US, Ted Sizer was the man behind the
formation of the Essential School movement and the Coalition of Essential Schools. The Yale and
Harvard alumnus was also associated with Brown University and had penned several books, too.
After getting married to an influential lawyer, Ida Husted Harper began writing for newspapers, focusing
on women-centric columns. She later became an iconic figure of the American women’s suffrage
movement and also penned works such as History of Woman Suffrage. She was also associated with
the International Council of Women.

Born to parents who were early Jewish settlers in Chicago, Hannah G. Solomon grew up to be an iconic
figure of women’s empowerment in the US. She established the National Council of Jewish Women,
modeled on an elite women’s club, to bring about social change and improve the lives of women.

Uriah Smith Stephens was instrumental in the formation of the labor organization Knights of Labor,
often considered the first American national labor union. Though he wished to be a Baptist minister
initially, financial constraints pushed him to be a tailor. He eventually devoted his life to his version of
utopian socialism.
Katherine Dreier was not just an artist but also a social reformer. Born to German immigrants in the US,
she studied art as a child and later represented the women’s suffrage movement. She also co-
established Société Anonyme, a hub for art collectors, and was known for her abstract art creations.

Feminist social reformer Barbara Deming started her career as a firebrand journalist, writing for
publications such as the New Yorker and Vogue. Obsessed with the works of Gandhi, she later started
campaigning for peace and civil rights, and also formed Money for Women. She was also an open
lesbian.
Social reformer and civil rights activist Lugenia Burns Hope is remembered for launching the social
welfare association Neighborhood Union, dedicated to the upliftment of Black women. She had also
worked to secure equality for Black soldiers during World War I. She was later named to the Georgia
Women of Achievement.
May Wright Sewall was a social reformer committed to the causes of women's rights, education, and
world peace. She was passionately involved in the woman's suffrage movement. Besides her work as a
social reformer, she also founded the Girls' Classical School in Indianapolis along with her second
husband. She was active in the American Peace Society in her later years.

Kate Barnard made history by becoming the first female elected to be a state official in Oklahoma. She
was also the first lady to hold a state-wide elective office in the US. She was also a social reformer, who
was involved in causes such as compulsory education and eradication of child labor.

Remembered for his belief in progressive education and his innovative educational experiment known
as the Winnetka Plan, Carleton Washburne was a popular educational reformer. The Stanford alumnus
had also taught at the Michigan State University and penned significant books such as New Schools in
the Old World
Hindu spiritual leader Shiv Narayan Agnihotri was initially part of the Brahmo Samaj reform movement
and later launched his own movement known as the Dev Samaj. He had also briefly taught at the
Government School of Lahore and was also a prolific writer and speaker.
Annie Turner Wittenmyer is remembered for his association with the temperance movement and for
supplying medical aid and food to soldiers during the Civil War. Widowed in her youth, she devoted her
entire life to relief work and even headed the Iowa State Sanitary Commission.

Welfare worker Lizzie Black Kander is best remembered for penning a popular cookbook, The
Settlement Cookbook, which helped her raise funds for her Milwaukee settlement house and had sold
over a million copies by the 1970s. She also worked to offer vocational training to women and children.

Best remembered for popularizing the rescue-home movement for sex workers and unwed mothers in
the US, Kate Waller Barrett led the National Florence Crittenton Mission. Although a qualified physician,
she never practiced in a full-fledged manner and mostly focused on social reform. She also worked for
the Black community.

Reformer Caroline Severance is best known for establishing women’s clubs in the US. A champion for
women’s rights and women’s suffrage, she was also an abolitionist. Along with her husband, she formed
the Independent Christian Church. She was also the first female to join the Parker Fraternity Course

Born in Aldingen in Germany, Berchtold Haller is best remembered as a Protestant reformer of Bern,
Switzerland. He gained an interest in theology after becoming acquainted with Lutheran reformer
Philipp Melanchthon in Pforzheim, where he completed his schooling. He had initially also taught at
gymnasiums in Bern and Rottweil.
Sue Sumii was a Japanese writer and social reformer. She openly spoke up for victims of discrimination
in Japanese society, especially the Burakumin. A professionally qualified teacher, she took to writing to
express her views on social issues. As a writer, she is most remembered for her novel, Hashi no nai
kawa ("The River with No Bridge").
The wife of televangelist Jim Bakker and The Jim Bakker Show co-host, Lori Bakker had previously led a
reckless life. Following five abortions, she switched to spirituality and joined the Phoenix First Assembly.
She later formed the Mourning to Joy Ministry, to help women survive post-abortion trauma.

Indian academic and labor leader Abdul Bari is remembered for his involvement in the freedom
struggle, his historic deal with the Tatas, and his efforts to curb slavery and other social ills. He was
shot dead while on his way home while serving as the Bihar Provincial Congress Committee president.

Indian social reformer and Malayali literary icon Kumaran Asan is known for his revolutionary impact on
Malayali poetry. He died when the boat carrying him from Kollam to Alappuzha met with an accident
midway. He is remembered for his works such as his iconic narrative poem Duravastha