IEEE-EIA-1 2207.

0 
TECHNICAL REPORT
Issued 1 998-03
Stabilized 201 5-07

Industry Implementation of International Standard ISO/IEC 1 2207:1 995

(ISO/IEC 1 2207) Standard for Information Technology

Software Life Cycle Processes

NOTICE

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 I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7. 0 - 1 9 9 6
( A J o i n t S tan d ard D evel o ped by I E E E an d E I A)

I E E E /E I A Stan d ard

I n d u stry I m pl em en tati o n of

I n tern ati on al Stan d ard

I SO/I EC 1 2207 : 1 995

(I SO/I E C 1 22 07) Stan d ard for I n fo rm ati on

Tech n ol og y—

Software l i fe cycl e processes

M arch 1 998
 I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7. 0 - 1 9 9 6
(A J oi n t Stan d ard Devel oped by I E EE an d E I A)

I EEE/EI A Stan d ard

I n d u stry I m pl em en tati on of

I n tern ati on al Stan d ard I SO/I E C 1 22 07: 1 995

(I SO/I E C 1 2 207) Stan d ard for I n fo rm ati o n

Tech n ol og y—

Software l i fe cycl e processes

M arch 1 998

Abstract: I S O/I E C 1 2207 pro vi d e s a co m m o n fram e wo rk fo r d e ve l o pi n g an d m an ag i n g s o ftware .

I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7. 0 co n s i s ts of th e cl ari fi cati o n s, ad d i ti o n s , an d ch an g e s acce pte d by th e I n s ti tu te of

E l e ctri cal an d E l e ctro n i cs E n g i n e e rs ( I E E E ) an d th e E l e ctro n i c I n d u s tri e s Al l i an ce ( E I A) as fo rm u l ate d by

a j oi n t pro j ect of th e two o rg an i zati o n s. I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7. 0 co n tai n s co n ce pts an d g u i d e l i n es to fo s te r

bette r u n d erstan d i n g an d appl i cati o n of th e stan d ard . Th u s th i s s tan d ard pro vi d e s i n d u stry a basi s fo r

so ftware practi ce s th at wo u l d be u sabl e fo r bo th n ati o n al an d i n tern ati o n al bu si n ess .

Keyword s: acq u i s i ti o n pro ce s s , au d i t, co n fi g u rati o n m an ag e m e n t, d e ve l o pm e n t pro ce ss , m ai n te n an ce

pro ces s , o perati o n pro ce ss , q u al i ty as su ran ce , su ppl y pro ce ss , tai l o ri n g pro ces s , val i d ati o n , ve ri fi cati o n

Th e I n sti tu te o f E l ectri cal an d E l ectro n i cs E n g i n eers, I n c.

3 45 E ast 47th Street, N ew York, N Y 1 001 7-239 4, U SA

P ri n t: I S BN 1 -559 3 7- 9 77- 4, S H 9 4581

P D F: I S BN 0 - 73 81 - 0 42 8- 0 , SS 9 4581

Copyri g h t © 1 9 98 by th e I n sti tu te of E l ectri cal an d E l ectro n i cs E n g i n eers, I n c.

Al l ri g h ts reserved . P u bl i sh ed 1 998. P ri n ted i n th e U n i ted States of Am eri ca.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
March 1998
IE E E / EIA 1 2 2 0 7 . 0-1 9 9 6 © IEEE
N OTI CE

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© IEEE IE E E / EIA 1 2 2 0 7 . 0-1 9 9 6

Contents
F o re wo rd to I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7 . 0 -1 9 9 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

ISO/IEC 1 2207 : 1 995

F o re wo rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i x

I n t ro d u c t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

1 . S c o p e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. N o rm a ti v e re fe re n ce s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3. D e fi n i t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4. Ap p l i ca ti o n of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5. P ri m a ry l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5. 1 Acq u i s i ti o n p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

5. 2 Su ppl y p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3

5. 3 D e ve l o p m e n t p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6

5. 4 O p e ra ti o n p ro ce s s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3

5. 5 M a i n te n a n ce p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4

6. S u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7

6. 1 D o cu m e n ta ti o n p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8

6. 2 C o n fi g u ra ti o n m an ag em en t p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9

6. 3 Q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1

6. 4 Ve ri fi ca ti o n p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3

6. 5 Va l i d a ti o n p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6

6. 6 J oi n t re vi e w p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8

6. 7 Au d i t p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0

6. 8 P ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1

7. O rg a n i z a ti o n a l l i fe c ycl e p ro ce s s e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2

7. 1 M an ag em en t p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3

7. 2 I n fra s tru ctu re p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5

7. 3 I m p ro ve m e n t p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6

7. 4 Tra i n i n g p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7

Annexes
AÑT a i l o ri n g p ro ce s s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8

B ÑG u i d a n ce on ta i l o ri n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9

C ÑG u i d a n ce on p ro ce s s e s an d o rg a n i z a ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3

D Ñ B i b l i o g ra p h y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7

i i i
IE E E / EIA 1 2 2 0 7 . 0-1 9 9 6 © IEEE
I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7 . 0 -1 9 9 6

E ÑB a s i c co n ce p ts of I S O /I E C 1 2207 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 8

F ÑC o m p l i a n c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4

G ÑL i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s o b j e cti v e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6

H ÑL i fe cy cl e d a ta o b j e cti v e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2

I ÑR e l a ti o n s h i p s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4

J ÑE rra ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5

i v
© I EEE I EE E/EI A 1 2207. 0-1 996

Forewo rd to I E E E /E I A 1 22 07. 0-1 996

1 . Th e I n te rn ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ( I S O) an d th e I n te rn ati o n al E l e ctro te ch n i cal Com m i ssi on

(I E C) pu bl i s h e d I S O/I E C 1 2 2 0 7, Information technology—Software life cycle processes , in Au g u st, 1 9 9 5.

I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7. 0 co n si s ts of th e cl ari fi cati o n s , ad d i ti o n s , an d ch an g e s accepted by th e I n s ti tu te of

E l e ctri cal an d E l e ctro n i cs E n g i n e e rs ( I E E E ) an d th e E l e ctro n i c I n d u s tri e s Al l i an ce ( E I A) as fo rm u l ate d by a

j oi n t pro j e ct of th e two o rg an i zati o n s. I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7. 0 co n tai n s co n ce pts an d g u i d el i n es to fo ste r bette r

u n d erstan d i n g an d appl i cati o n of th e stan d ard . Th u s th i s s tan d ard pro vi d es i n d u stry a basi s fo r so ftware

practi ce s th at wo u l d be u sabl e fo r bo th n ati o n al an d i n te rn ati o n al bu si n es s. Re ad e rs are ad vi se d to refe r to

th e i n fo rm ati o n on B as i c co n ce pts ( an n e x E) , C o m pl i an ce ( an n e x F) , Li fe cycl e pro ce ss e s o bj e cti ve s

( an n e x G), Li fe cycl e d ata o bj e cti ve s ( an n e x H), R e l ati o n s h i ps ( an n e x I), an d E rrata ( an n e x J) pri o r to

i m pl em e n ti n g th i s s tan d ard . An n e xe s E th ro u g h J h ave bee n ad d e d to I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7. 0 - 1 9 9 6 to en h an ce

th e re ad e rís u n d e rstan d i n g o f th i s stan d ard .

2. I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7. 0 m ay be u se d to

a. Acq u i re , su ppl y, d e ve l o p, o pe rate , an d m ai n tai n s o ftware .

b. S u ppo rt th e abo ve fu n cti o n s i n th e fo rm o f q u al i ty as s u ran ce , co n fi g u rati o n m an ag e m e n t, j o i n t re vi e ws ,

au d i ts , ve ri fi cati o n , val i d ati o n , pro bl e m re s o l u ti o n , an d d o cu m e n tati o n .

c. M an ag e an d i m pro ve th e o rg an i zati o n ' s pro ce sses an d pe rso n n el .

d. E stabl i sh so ftware m an ag em e n t an d e n g i n e eri n g en vi ro n m en ts base d u po n th e l i fe cycl e pro ce sse s as

ad apted an d tai l o red to serve bu si n e ss n eed s.

e. Fo s te r i m pro ve d u n d ers tan d i n g be twee n cu sto m e rs an d ve n d o rs an d am o n g th e parti es i n vo l ve d i n th e

l i fe cycl e o f a s o ftware pro d u ct.

f. Faci l i tate wo rl d trad e i n s o ftware .

3. I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7 i s packag e d i n th re e parts . Th e th ree parts are , bri efl y, as fo l l o ws :

I E E E /E I A 1 2 2 0 7. 0 , Standard for Information Technology—Software life cycle processes : C o n tai n s I S O/I E C

1 2207 i n i ts o ri g i n al fo rm an d s i x ad d i ti o n al an n e xe s ( E th ro u g h J): B as i c co n ce pts ; C o m pl i an ce ; Li fe cycl e

pro ce s s o bj e cti ve s ; Li fe cycl e d ata o bj e cti ve s; R e l ati o n s h i ps ; an d E rrata. A unique I E E E /E I A fo re wo rd is

i n cl u d e d .

I E E E /E I A P 1 2 2 0 7. 1
1

, Guide fo r I S O/I E C 1 2207, Standard for Information Technology—Software life cycle

processes—Life cycle data : P ro vi d e s ad d i ti o n al g u i d an ce o n re co rd i n g l i fe cycl e d ata.

I E E E /E I A P 1 2 2 0 7. 2 , Guide fo r I S O/I E C 1 2 2 0 7, Standard for Information Technology—Software life cycle

processes—Implementation considerations : P ro vi d e s ad d i ti o n s , al te rn ati ve s , an d cl ari fi cati o n s to th e

I S O/I E C 1 2 2 0 7' s l i fe cycl e pro ce s s e s as d e ri ve d fro m U . S . practi ce s .

IEEE/EIA P1 2207. 1 and P1 2207. 2 are draft standards.

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IE E E / EIA 1 2 2 0 7 . 0-1 9 9 6 © IEEE
Participants in IEEE/EIA 1 2207.0
Th e unique fro n t m a tte r an d a n n e xe s to I E E E /E I A 1 2207. 0 we re d e ve l o p e d by th e J oi n t I n d u s t ri a l

S ta n d a rd Wo rki n g G ro u p ( J I S WG ) of I EEE an d E I A, i n cl u d i n g th e fo l l o wi n g p e rs o n s :

Raghu Singh , IEEE Co-chair Perry DeWeese , EIA Co-chair

Dorothy Kuckuck, Project Editor

Den n i s Ah e rn M a ri l yn G i n s b e rg - F i n n e r J am es M o o re

C h u ck B a ke r L e wi s G ra y J a cki e M o rm a n

B a rb a ra B a n ke ro ff J oh n H al ase G a ry M o tch a n

J oh n n y B a rre tt J oh n H am l i n B a rt N i g ro

Ro n B e rl a ck Ri ck H e fn e r G e o rg e N o wi n s ki

Ed B e ve rl y Ro b e rt H eg l an d Al Ol sen

B a rry B oeh m J am es H. H ei l M yrn a L. Ol son

J oh n B ol l an d M a rk H en l ey S h e rry Paq u i n

J oh n B o we rs J oh n H o o ve r Al e x P o l a ck

M ax Brown H el m u t H u m m el Ke n P ta ck

Don C a l ve rt Al l a n J a wo rs ki Ra l p h Ra n d a l l

S tu a rt Cam pbel l J oh n Ke rr Pau l Re i n d o l l a r

Q u ye n Cao L yn n e Ke tch i e Wa l te r Ri ch te r

B ru ce C a p e h a rt L a rry Kl o s Bill S ch u n k

Den n i s C a rte r Ro b e rt Kn i cke rb o cke r Ad ri e n n e S co tt

M yra M. C h e rn S te ve Ko p p Ke i th S h e wb ri d g e

J oh n P. C h i h o re k Ri ch a rd Kre ke C a rl A. S i n g er

J a ck Cooper D o ro th y Ku cku ck Te rry S n yd e r

Ra ym o n d C o yl e J e ro m e L a ke Re e d S o re n s e n

Pau l C ro l l D ou g La n g e D on S o va

D a ri o de An g e l i s Am y Lau g h l i n J oh n S to l z e n th a l e r

C h ri s Den h am M i l to n L a vi n N o rm a A. S to p yra

P e rry D e We e s e J o n a th a n Li l es Ri ch a rd F. S to rch

Ro b e rt D i d ri ks o n J oan L o ve l a ce D u an e S tra tto n

Jim D obbi n s M a rv L u b o fs ky Ro b e rt Ta u s wo rth e

M e rl i n D o rfm a n D a vi d M ai bor B o o ke r T. Th o m a s

C h e ryl D o rs e y Ed M a rti n F re d e ri ck Ti l s wo rth

B e rn a d e tte D o wn wa rd Zyg g y M a rtyn o wkcz L e o n a rd L. Tri p p

P e te r E i ri ch Ri ch a rd M cC l e l l e n An n Tu rn e r

Bob E l s to n Judy M cC l o s ke y H o wa rd Ve rn e

Ri ch a rd E va n s San d y M cG i l l Ro n a l d L. Wa d e

Den n i s F a u l kn e r F re d M i n tz D a vi d Wa xm a n

M a rv G e ch m a n Are th a M o o re C h a rl e s Wi l s o n

Wi l l i a m G ess, J r. G ra d y Wri g h t

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© IEEE IE E E / EIA 1 2 2 0 7 . 0-1 9 9 6

Th e fo l l o wi n g p e rs o n s we re on th e I EEE b a l l o ti n g co m m i tte e :

S ye d Al i H e rb e rt H e ch t Al e x P o l a ck

M i kh a i l Au g u s to n Wi l l i a m H e fl e y P e te r T. Poon

Ro b e rt E. B a rry M a n fre d H ei n L a wre n ce S. P rzyb yl s ki

Leo B e l tra cch i M a rk H e i n ri ch L a rry K. Re e d

M o rd e ch a i B e n - M e n a ch e m M a rk H en l ey An n Re e d y

H. Ro n a l d B e rl a ck U m esh P. H i ri ya n n a i a h An n e tte D. Re i l l y

C h ri s to s B e zi rtzo g l o u J oh n W. H o rch Den n i s Ri l l i n g

Wi l l i a m J. B ol l J e rry H u l l er P a tri ci a Ro d ri g u e z

Au d re y C. B re we r P e te r L. Hung P a tti Ru s h e r

Al a n L. B ri d g e s F a b ri zi o I m el i o An d re w P . Sag e

Ka th l e e n L. B ri g g s G e o rg e J a cke l e n H el m u t S a n d m a yr

M. S co tt B u ck F ra n k V. J o rg e n s e n H an s S ch a e fe r

D a vi d W. B u rn e tt Vl a d a n V. J o va n o vi c N o rm a n S ch n e i d e wi n d

E d wa rd R. B yrn e Wi l l i a m S. Junk D a vi d J. S ch u l tz

S tu a rt Ro s s Cam pbel l G e o rg e X. Ka m b i c Ro b e rt W. S h i l l a to

Lesl i e C h a m b e rs Di an a Ka n g Ka ts u to s h i S h i n ta n i

Ke i th Ch an C h ri s F. Ke m e re r C a rl A. S i n g er

B e tty P. Ch ao Judy Ke rn e r Ra g h u P. Sin gh

S. V. C h i yya ra th Ro b e rt J. Ki e rzyk J am es M. S i va k

An to n i o M. C i cu D wa yn e L. Kn i rk N a n cy M. S m i th

Th e o C l a rke Th o m a s M. Ku ri h a ra Al fre d R. S o rko wi tz

F ra n co i s Coal l i er J oh n B. Lan e D on al d W. S o va

Ro s e m a ry Col em an J. Den n i s L a wre n ce L u ca S p o to rn o

Vi rg i l Lee Cooper Ra n d a l L e a vi tt Julia S te s n e y

G e o ff C o ze n s M i ch a e l Li n es N o rm a S to p yra

G re g o ry T. D a i ch J am es J. L o n g b u cco F re d J. S tra u s s

H i l l a ry D a vi d s o n D i e te r Look C h ri s ti n e B ro wn S trys i k

B o s tj a n K. D e rg a n c J oh n L o rd M i ch a e l S u rra tt

S a n j a y D e wa l M. L u b o fs ky To ru Ta ke s h i ta

H a rp a l Dh am a Au s ti n J. M ah er D ou g l as H. Th i e l e

J am es Do D a vi d M ai bor B o o ke r Th o m a s

Au d re y D o ro fe e H a ro l d M ai n s P a tri ci a Tre l l u e

C a rl Ei n ar D ra g s te d t Ph i l i p P. M ak L e o n a rd L. Tri p p

Le o E g an G i a n l u ca M a rce l l i n o T. H. Ts e

Ri ch a rd L. E va n s J oh n R. M a tra s Ri ch a rd D. Tu cke r

Wi l l i a m E ve n to ff To m o o M a ts u b a ra M a rg a re t C. U p d i ke

J o n a th a n H. F a i rcl o u g h M i ke M cAn d rew Th e o d o re J. U rb a n o wi cz

J oh n W. F e n d ri ch P a tri ck M cC ra y G l en n D. Ve n a b l e s

J ay F o rs te r Ru s s e l l M cD o we l l D a vi d W. Vi cke rs

Ki rb y F o rte n b e rry Su e M cG ra th Udo Vo g e s

E va F re u n d J e ro m e W. M e rs ky Th o m a s E. Vo l l m a n

Ad e l N. Gh an n am F a tm a Mili Ro n a l d L. Wa d e

H i ra n m a y G h osh Al a n M i l l er D o l o re s Wa l l a ce

M a ri l yn G i n s b e rg - F i n n e r Li sa Ming J oh n W. Wa l z

M. J oel G i ttl e m a n M i l l a rd Al l e n M obl ey C h a rl e s J. We rtz

J oh n G a rth G l yn n C h a rl e s S. M oon ey Cam i l l e S. Wh i te - P a rta i n

Julio G o n za l e z S a n z J am es W. M o o re S co tt A. Wh i tm i re

D on al d G o tte rb a rn P a vo l N a vra t Pau l A. T. Wo l fg a n g

L e wi s G ra y Den n i s E. N i ckl e Pau l R. Wo rk

E ri c G ro s s e M yrn a L. Ol son F o rre s t D. Wri g h t

L a wre n ce M. G u n th e r M i ke O ttewi l l We i d e r D. Yu

J on H ag ar G e ra l d L. O u ra d a J a n u s z Za l e ws ki

J oh n H a ra u z La l i t M oh an P a tn a i k Zh i Yi n g Zh o u

Ro b H a rke r M ark P au l k G e ra l d i n e Z i m m e rm a n

Ro b e rt T. H a rl e y J oh n G. Ph i ppen P e te r F. Zo l l

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IE E E / EIA 1 2 2 0 7 . 0-1 9 9 6 © IEEE
Wh e n th e I EEE S ta n d a rd s B o a rd a p p ro ve d I E E E /E I A 1 2207. 0 on 1 0 D e ce m b e r 1 996, it h ad th e fo l l o w i n g

m e m b e rs h i p :

Donald C. Loughry , Chair Richard J. Holleman , Vice Chair

Andrew G. Salem Secretary ,

G i l l es A. B a ri l E. G. Ò Al Ò Ki e n e r J ose R. Ra m o s

C l yd e R. Cam p J oseph L. Ko e p fi n g e r* Arth u r K. Re i l l y

J oseph A. C a n n a te l l i S te p h e n R. L a m b e rt Ro n a l d H. Re i m e r

S te p h e n L. Di am on d L a wre n ce V. M cC a l l G a ry S. Ro b i n s o n

H a ro l d E. E p s te i n L. B ru ce M cC l u n g I ngo RŸ s ch

Don al d C. F l e cke n s te i n M a rco W. M i g l i a ro J oh n S. Rya n

J ay F o rs te r* M a ry Lou P a d g e tt Ch ee Ki o w Ta n

Don al d N. H e i rm a n J oh n W. Pope L e o n a rd L. Tri p p

Ben C. J oh n son H o wa rd L. Wo l fm a n

*M em be r E m eri tu s

Al s o i n cl u d e d a re th e fo l l o wi n g n o n vo ti n g I EEE S ta n d a rd s B o a rd l i ai son s:

S a ti s h K. Ag g a rwa l

Al a n H. C o o ks o n

C h e s te r C. T a yl o r

Kri s ti n M. D i ttm a n n

IEEE Standards Project Editor

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© I S O /I EC ISO/IEC 1 2207 : 1 995 (E)
Foreword
I SO ( th e I n te rn a t i o n a l O rg a n i z a ti o n fo r S ta n d a rd i z a ti o n ) an d I EC ( th e I n te rn a ti o n a l E l e c t ro t e c h n i c a l

Com m i ssi on ) fo rm th e s p e ci a l i z e d s ys te m fo r wo rl d wi d e s ta n d a rd i z a ti o n . N a ti o n a l bod i es th a t a re m e m b e rs

of I SO or I EC p a rti ci p a te in th e d e ve l o p m e n t of I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s th ro u g h te ch n i ca l co m m i tte e s

e s ta b l i s h e d by th e re s p e cti ve o rg a n i z a ti o n to d eal wi th p a rti cu l a r fi e l d s of te ch n i ca l a cti vi ty. I SO an d I EC

te c h n i c a l c o m m i tt e e s c o l l a b o ra t e in fi e l d s of m u tu a l i n te re s t. O th e r i n t e rn a t i o n a l o rg a n i z a t i o n s ,

g o ve rn m e n ta l an d n o n - g o ve rn m e n ta l , in l i ai son wi th I SO an d I E C, al so ta ke p a rt in th e wo rk.

In th e fi e l d of i n fo rm a ti o n te c h n o l o g y , I SO an d I EC h a ve e s ta b l i s h e d a j oi n t te ch n i ca l co m m i tte e ,

I S O /I E C J TC 1 . D ra ft I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s a d o p te d by th e j oi n t te ch n i ca l co m m i tte e a re c i rc u l a t e d to

n a ti o n a l bod i es fo r vo ti n g . P u b l i ca ti o n as an I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd re q u i re s a p p ro va l by at l east 75 % of

th e n a ti o n a l bod i es ca s ti n g a vo te .

I n t e rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd I S O /I E C 1 2207 was p re p a re d by J oi n t T e ch n i ca l C o m m i tte e I S O /I E C J TC 1 ,

Information technology, S u b co m m i tte e SC 7, Software engineering.

An n e x A fo rm s an i n te g ra l p a rt of th e I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd . An n e xe s B an d C a re fo r i n fo rm a ti o n o n l y.

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ISO/IEC 1 2207 : 1 995 (E) © I S O /I EC

Introduction
S o ftwa re is an i n te g ra l p a rt of i n fo rm a t i o n te c h n o l o g y an d co n ve n ti o n a l system s, s u ch as tra n s p o rta ti o n ,

m i l i ta ry, m e d i ca l ca re , an d fi n a n ce . T h e re is a p ro l i fe ra ti o n of s ta n d a rd s , p ro ce d u re s , m e th o d s , to o l s , an d

e n vi ro n m e n ts fo r d e ve l o p i n g an d m an ag i n g s o ftwa re . Th i s p ro l i fe ra ti o n h as cre a te d d i ffi cu l ti e s in s o ftwa re

m an ag em en t an d e n g i n e e ri n g , e s p e ci a l l y in i n te g ra ti n g p ro d u cts an d s e rvi ce s . Th e s o ftwa re d i s ci p l i n e

n eed s to m i g ra te fro m th i s p ro l i fe ra ti o n to a co m m o n fra m e wo rk th a t ca n be u sed by s o ftwa re p ra c t i t i o n e rs

to "speak th e sam e l an g u ag e" to cre a te an d m an ag e s o ftwa re . Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd p ro vi d e s s u ch

a co m m o n fra m e wo rk.

Th e fra m e wo rk co ve rs th e l i fe cycl e of s o ftwa re fro m co n ce p tu a l i z a ti o n of i d eas th ro u g h re ti re m e n t an d

co n s i s ts of p ro ce s s e s fo r a cq u i ri n g an d s u p p l yi n g s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d s e rvi ce s . In a d d i ti o n , th e

fra m e wo rk p ro vi d e s fo r co n tro l l i n g an d i m p ro vi n g th e s e p ro ce s s e s .

Th e p ro ce s s e s in th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd fo rm a co m p re h e n s i ve s e t. An o rg a n i z a ti o n , d epen d i n g on i ts

p u rp o s e , ca n s e l e ct an a p p ro p ri a te su bset to fu l fi l l th a t p u rp o s e . Th e I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd i s, th e re fo re ,

d esi g n ed to be ta i l o re d fo r an i n d i vi d u a l o rg a n i z a ti o n , p ro j e c t, or a p p l i ca ti o n . It is al so d esi g n ed to b e

u sed wh e n s o ftwa re is a s ta n d - a l o n e e n ti ty, or an em bed d ed or i n te g ra l p a rt of th e to ta l s ys te m .

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ©ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 1 2207Ê :Ê 1 995(E)

Information technology Ñ Software life cycle processes

1 Scope
1 .1 Purpose
Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd e s ta b l i s h e s a co m m o n fra m e wo rk fo r s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s , wi th

we l l - d e fi n e d te rm i n o l o g y, th a t ca n be re fe re n ce d by th e s o ftwa re i n d u s try. It co n ta i n s p ro ce s s e s ,

a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks th a t a re to be appl i ed d u ri n g th e a cq u i s i ti o n of a syste m th a t co n ta i n s s o ftwa re , a

s ta n d - a l o n e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct, an d s o ftwa re s e rvi ce an d d u ri n g th e s u p p l y, d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , an d

m a i n te n a n ce of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts . S o ftwa re i n cl u d e s th e s o ftwa re p o rti o n of fi rm wa re .

Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd al so p ro vi d e s a p ro ce s s th a t ca n be e m p l o ye d fo r d e fi n i n g , c o n t ro l l i n g , an d

i m p ro vi n g s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s .

1 .2 Field of application
Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd appl i es to th e a cq u i s i ti o n of system s an d s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d s e rvi ce s , to

th e s u p p l y, d e ve l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , an d m a i n te n a n ce of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts , an d to th e s o ftwa re p o rti o n of

fi rm wa re , wh e th e r p e rfo rm e d i n te rn a l l y or e xte rn a l l y to an o rg a n i z a ti o n . Th o s e a s p e cts of system

d e fi n i ti o n n eed ed to p ro vi d e th e co n te xt fo r s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d s e rvi ce s a re i n cl u d e d .

N O TE ÑTh e p ro ce s s e s u sed d u ri n g th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e n eed to be co m p a ti b l e wi th th e p ro ce s s e s u sed d u ri n g th e

s ys te m l i fe c ycl e .

Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd is i n te n d e d fo r u se in a two - p a rty s i tu a ti o n an d m ay be eq u al l y appl i ed wh e re

th e two p a rti e s a re fro m th e sam e o rg a n i z a ti o n . Th e s i tu a ti o n m ay ra n g e fro m an i n fo rm a l a g re e m e n t u p

to a l eg al l y bi n d i n g co n tra ct. Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd m ay be u sed by a si n g l e p a rty as s e l f- i m p o s e d

tasks.

Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd is n ot i n te n d e d fo r o ff- th e - s h e l f s o ftwa re p ro d u cts u n l ess i n co rp o ra te d i n to a

d e l i v e ra b l e p ro d u c t .

Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd is wri tte n fo r a cq u i re rs of system s an d s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d s e rvi ce s an d fo r

s u p p l i e rs , d e ve l o p e rs , o p e ra to rs , m a i n ta i n e rs , m a n a g e rs , q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce m a n a g e rs , an d u sers of

s o ftwa re p ro d u cts .

1 .3 Tailoring of the International Standard

Th i s I n te rn a t i o n a l S ta n d a rd co n ta i n s a set of p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks d esi g n ed to be ta i l o re d i n

re s p e ct of s o ftwa re p ro j e cts . Th e ta i l o ri n g p ro ce s s is d e l e ti o n of n o n - a p p l i ca b l e p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d

tasks.

N O TE ÑAd d i ti o n of unique or s p e ci a l p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s , an d ta s ks m ay be p ro vi d e d in th e co n tra ct.

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ISO/IEC 1 2207 : 1 995 (E) © I S O /I EC

1 .4 Compliance
C o m p l i a n ce wi th th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd is d e fi n e d as th e p e rfo rm a n ce of al l th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s ,

an d tasks s e l e cte d fro m th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd in th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s (an n ex A) fo r th e s o ftwa re

p ro j e ct. Th e p e rfo rm a n ce of a p ro ce s s or an a cti vi ty is co m p l e te wh e n al l i ts re q u i re d tasks a re p e rfo rm e d

in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e p re - e s ta b l i s h e d cri te ri a an d th e re q u i re m e n ts s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct as

a p p l i ca b l e .

An y o rg a n i z a ti o n ( fo r e xa m p l e , n a ti o n a l , i n d u s tri a l a s s o ci a ti o n , co m p a n y) i m posi n g th i s I n t e rn a t i o n a l

S ta n d a rd , as a co n d i ti o n of tra d e , is re s p o n s i b l e fo r s p e ci fyi n g an d m a ki n g pu bl i c th e minimum set of

re q u i re d p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks, wh i ch co n s ti tu te s u p p l i e rs ' co m p l i a n ce wi th th i s I n t e rn a t i o n a l

S t a n d a rd .

1 .5 Limitations
Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd d e s cri b e s th e a rc h i te ct u re of th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s bu t d oes not

s p e ci fy th e d e ta i l s of h ow to i m pl em en t or p e rfo rm th e a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks i n cl u d e d in th e p ro ce s s e s .

Th i s I n te rn a t i o n a l S ta n d a rd is n ot i n te n d e d to p re s cri b e th e n am e, fo rm a t, or e x p l i ci t co n te n t of th e

d o cu m e n ta ti o n to be p ro d u ce d . Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd may re q u i re d e ve l o p m e n t of d o cu m e n ts of

si m i l ar cl a s s or typ e ; va ri o u s pl an s a re an e xa m p l e . Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd , h o we ve r, d oes n ot i m pl y

th a t s u ch d o cu m e n ts be d e ve l o p e d or p a cka g e d s e p a ra te l y or co m b i n e d in som e fa s h i o n . Th e s e

d e ci s i o n s a re l e ft to th e u ser of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd .

Th i s I n te rn a t i o n a l S ta n d a rd d oes n ot p re s cri b e a s p e c i fi c l i fe c ycl e m od el or s o ftwa re d e ve l o p m e n t

m e th o d . Th e p a rti e s of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd a re re s p o n s i b l e fo r s e l e cti n g a l i fe cyc l e m od el fo r th e

s o ftwa re p ro j e ct an d m appi n g th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks in th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd o n to th a t

m od el . Th e p a rti e s a re al so re s p o n s i b l e fo r s e l e cti n g an d a p p l yi n g th e s o ftwa re d e ve l o p m e n t m e th o d s an d

fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks s u i ta b l e fo r th e s o ftwa re p ro j e ct.

Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd is n ot i n te n d e d to be in c o n fl i c t wi th an y o rg a n i z a ti o n ' s p o l i ci e s , s ta n d a rd s or

p ro ce d u re s th a t a re a l re a d y in p l a ce . H o we ve r, an y c o n fl i c t n eed s to be re s o l ve d an d an y o v e rri d i n g

co n d i ti o n s an d s i tu a ti o n s n eed to be ci te d in wri ti n g as e xce p ti o n s to th e a p p l i ca ti o n of th i s I n t e rn a t i o n a l

S t a n d a rd .

Th ro u g h o u t th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd , "sh al l " is u sed to express a p ro vi s i o n th a t is bi n d i n g b e twe e n two

or m o re p a rti e s , " wi l l " to express a d e c l a ra t i o n of p u rp o s e or i n te n t by on e p a rty, "sh ou l d " to express a

re c o m m e n d a t i o n am on g o th e r p o s s i b i l i ti e s , an d " m a y" to i n d i ca te a co u rs e of a cti o n p e rm i s s i b l e wi th i n

th e l i m i ts of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd .

In th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd , th e re a re a n u m ber of l i s ts fo r tasks; n on e of th e s e is p re s u m e d to b e

e xh a u s ti ve Ñth e y a re i n te n d e d as e xa m p l e s .

2 Normative references
Th e fo l l o wi n g s ta n d a rd s c o n ta i n p ro vi s i o n s wh i ch , th ro u g h re fe re n ce in th i s te xt, co n s ti tu te p ro vi s i o n s of

th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd . At th e ti m e of p u b l i ca ti o n , th e e d i ti o n s i n d i ca te d we re va l i d . Al l s ta n d a rd s

a re s u b j e ct to re vi s i o n , an d p a rti e s to a g re e m e n ts based on th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd a re e n co u ra g e d to

i n ve s ti g a te th e p o s s i b i l i ty of a p p l yi n g th e m ost re ce n t e d i ti o n s of th e s ta n d a rd s i n d i ca te d b e l o w. M e m b e rs

of I EC an d I SO m a i n ta i n re g i s te rs of cu rre n tl y va l i d I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd s .

I S O /AF N O R: 1 989, Dictionary of computer science.

I SO 2 3 82 -1 : 1 993, Information technologyÑVocabularyÑPart 1 : Fundamental terms .

I S O /I E C 2 382 -2 0 : 1 990, Information technologyÑVocabulary; Part 20: System development.

I SO 8402: 1 994, Quality management and quality assuranceÑVocabulary.

I SO 9001 : 1 994, Quality systemsÑModels for quality assurance in design, development, production,
installation and servicing.

I S O /I E C 91 26: 1 991 , Information technologyÑSoftware product evaluationÑQuality characteristics and

guidelines for their use .

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3 Definitions
For th e p u rp o s e s of th i s I n te rn a t i o n a l S ta n d a rd , th e d e fi n i ti o n s g i ve n in I SO 8402, I S O /I E C 2 3 82 -1 an d

I S O /I E C 2 382 -2 0 a p p l y, to g e th e r wi th th e fo l l o wi n g d e fi n i ti o n s .

N O T E ÑA p ro d u ct m ay be i n te rp re te d as a p a rt of a s ys te m as a p p l i ca b l e .

3.1 Acquirer: An o rg a n i z a ti o n th a t a cq u i re s or p ro cu re s a s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rv i ce

fro m a s u p p l i e r.

N O TE ÑTh e a cq u i re r co u l d be on e of th e fo l l o wi n g : b u ye r, cu s to m e r, o wn e r, u s e r, p u rch a s e r.

3.2 Acquisition: Th e p ro ce s s of o b ta i n i n g a s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce .

3.3 Agreement: Th e d e fi n i t i o n of te rm s an d co n d i ti o n s u n d er wh i ch a wo rki n g re l a ti o n s h i p wi l l b e

co n d u cte d .

3.4 Audit: C o n d u cte d by an a u th o ri z e d p e rs o n fo r th e p u rp o s e of p ro v i d i n g an i n d epen d en t assessm en t

of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d p ro ce s s e s in o rd e r to assess co m p l i a n ce wi th re q u i re m e n ts .

3.5 Baseline: A fo rm a l l y a p p ro ve d ve rs i o n of a co n fi g u ra t i o n i te m , re g a rd l e s s of m ed i a, fo rm a l l y

d e s i g n a te d an d fi xe d at a s p e ci fi c ti m e d u ri n g th e co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m ' s l i fe cycl e .

3.6 Configuration item: An e n ti ty wi t h i n a c o n fi g u ra ti o n th a t s a ti s fi e s an en d u se fu n c ti o n an d th a t ca n

be u n i q u el y i d e n ti fi e d at a g i ve n re fe re n ce p o i n t.

3.7 Contract: A bi n d i n g a g re e m e n t b e twe e n two p a rti e s , e s p e ci a l l y e n fo rce a b l e by l a w, or a si m i l ar

i n te rn a l a g re e m e n t wh o l l y wi th i n an o rg a n i z a ti o n , fo r th e su ppl y of s o ftwa re s e rvi ce or fo r th e s u p p l y,

d e v e l o p m e n t, p ro d u cti o n , o p e ra ti o n , or m a i n te n a n ce of a s o ftwa re p ro d u ct.

3.8 Developer: An o rg a n i z a ti o n th a t p e rfo rm s d e ve l o p m e n t a cti v i ti e s ( i n cl u d i n g re q u i re m e n ts a n a l ys i s ,

d esi g n , te s ti n g th ro u g h a cce p ta n ce ) d u ri n g th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s .

3.9 Evaluation: A s ys te m a ti c d e te rm i n a ti o n of th e e xte n t to wh i ch an e n ti ty m e e ts i ts s p e ci fi e d cri te ri a .

3.1 0 Firmware: Th e co m b i n a ti o n of a h a rd wa re d e vi ce an d co m p u te r i n s tru cti o n s or co m p u te r d a ta th a t

re s i d e as re a d - o n l y s o ftwa re on th e h a rd wa re d e vi ce . Th e s o ftwa re ca n n o t be re a d i l y m o d i fi e d u n d er

p ro g ra m co n tro l .

3.1 1 Life cycle model: A fra m e wo rk co n ta i n i n g th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s , an d tasks i n vo l ve d in th e

d e ve l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , an d m a i n te n a n ce of a s o ftwa re p ro d u ct, span n i n g th e l i fe of th e syste m fro m th e

d e fi n i ti o n of i ts re q u i re m e n ts to th e te rm i n a ti o n of i ts u se.

3.1 2 Maintainer: An o rg a n i z a ti o n th a t p e rfo rm s m a i n te n a n ce a cti vi ti e s .

3.1 3 Monitoring: An e xa m i n a ti o n of th e sta tu s of th e a cti vi ti e s of a su ppl i er an d of th e i r re s u l ts by th e

a cq u i re r or a th i rd p a rty.

3.1 4 Non-deliverable item: H a rd wa re or s o ftwa re p ro d u ct th a t is n ot re q u i re d to be d e l i ve re d u n d er th e

co n tra ct bu t m ay be e m p l o ye d in th e d e ve l o p m e n t of a s o ftwa re p ro d u ct.

3.1 5 Off-the-shelf product: P ro d u ct th a t is a l re a d y d e ve l o p e d an d a va i l a b l e , u sabl e e i th e r "as i s" or wi th

m o d i fi c a t i o n .

3.1 6 Operator: An o rg a n i za ti o n th a t o p e ra te s th e s ys te m .

3.1 7 Process: A set of i n te rre l a te d a cti vi ti e s , wh i ch tra n s fo rm i n p u ts i n to o u tp u ts .

N O T E ÑTh e te rm " a cti vi ti e s " co ve rs u se of re s o u rce s .

3.1 8 Qualification: Th e p ro ce s s of d e m o n s tra ti n g wh e th e r an e n ti ty is ca p a b l e of fu l fi l l i n g s p e c i fi e d

re q u i re m e n ts . [S e e I SO 8402: 1 994, 2. 1 3. ]

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ISO/IEC 1 2207 : 1 995 (E) © I S O /I EC

3.1 9 Qualification requirement: A set of cri te ri a or co n d i ti o n s th a t h a ve to be m et in o rd e r to q u a l i fy a

s o ftwa re p ro d u ct as co m p l yi n g wi th i ts s p e ci fi ca ti o n s an d bei n g re a d y fo r u se in i ts ta rg e t e n vi ro n m e n t.

3.20 Qualification testing: T e s ti n g , co n d u cte d by th e d e ve l o p e r an d wi tn e s s e d by th e a cq u i re r (as

a p p ro p ri a te ) , to d e m o n s tra te th a t th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct m e e ts i ts s p e ci fi ca ti o n s an d is re a d y fo r u se in i ts

ta rg e t e n v i ro n m e n t.

3.21 Quality assurance: Al l th e pl an n ed an d s ys te m a ti c a cti vi ti e s i m p l e m e n te d wi th i n th e q u a l i ty

s ys te m , an d d e m o n s tra te d as n eed ed , to p ro vi d e a d e q u a te c o n fi d e n c e th a t an e n ti ty wi l l fu l fi l l

re q u i re m e n ts fo r q u a l i ty.

N O TE S

1 T h e re a re b o th i n te rn a l an d e xte rn a l p u rp o s e s fo r q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce :

a) I n te rn a l q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce : wi th i n an o rg a n i za ti o n , q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce p ro vi d e s co n fi d e n ce to m a n a g e m e n t;

b) E xte rn a l q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce : in co n tra ctu a l s i tu a ti o n s , q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce p ro vi d e s co n fi d e n ce to th e cu s to m e r or

o t h e rs .

2 S om e q u a l i ty co n tro l an d q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce a cti o n s a re i n te rre l a te d .

3 U n l ess re q u i re m e n ts fo r q u a l i ty fu l l y re fl e ct th e n eed s of th e u s e r, q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce m ay n ot p ro vi d e a d e q u a te

co n fi d e n c e .

[I S O 8402: 1 994, 3. 5]

3.22 Release: A p a rti cu l a r ve rs i o n of a co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m th a t is mad e a va i l a b l e fo r a s p e ci fi c p u rp o s e

( fo r e xa m p l e , te s t re l e a s e ) .

3.23 Request for proposal [tender]: A d o cu m e n t u sed by th e a cq u i re r as th e m ean s to a n n o u n ce i ts

i n te n ti o n to p o te n ti a l b i d d e rs to a cq u i re a s p e ci fi e d s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce .

3.24 Retirement: Wi th d ra wa l of a cti ve s u p p o rt by th e o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce o rg a n i z a ti o n , p a rti a l or

to ta l re p l a ce m e n t by a n ew s ys te m , or i n s ta l l a ti o n of an u p g ra d e d s ys te m .

3.25 Security: Th e p ro te cti o n of i n fo rm a ti o n an d d a ta so th a t u n a u th o ri z e d p e rs o n s or system s ca n n o t

re a d or m o d i fy th e m an d a u th o ri z e d p e rs o n s or s ys te m s a re n ot d en i ed a cce s s to th e m .

3.26 Software product: Th e set of co m p u te r p ro g ra m s , p ro ce d u re s , an d possi bl y a s s o c i a te d

d o c u m e n ta t i o n an d d a ta .

3.27 Software service: P e rfo rm a n ce of a cti v i ti e s , work, or d u ti e s co n n e cte d wi th a s o ftwa re p ro d u c t ,

s u ch as i ts d e ve l o p m e n t, m a i n te n a n ce , an d o p e ra ti o n .

3.28 Software unit: A s e p a ra te l y co m p i l a b l e p i e ce of co d e .

3.29 Statement of work: A d o cu m e n t u sed by th e a cq u i re r as th e m ean s to d e s cri b e an d s p e ci fy th e

ta s ks to be p e rfo rm e d u n d er th e co n tra ct.

3.30 Supplier: An o rg a n i z a ti o n th a t e n te rs i n to a co n tra ct wi th th e a cq u i re r fo r th e su ppl y of a system ,

s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce u n d er th e te rm s of th e co n tra ct.

N O TE S

1 Th e te rm " s u p p l i e r" is s yn o n ym o u s wi th co n tra cto r, p ro d u ce r, s e l l e r, or ve n d o r.

2 Th e a cq u i re r m ay d e s i g n a te a p a rt of i ts o rg a n i za ti o n as s u p p l i e r.

3.31 System: An i n te g ra te d co m p o s i te th a t co n s i s ts of on e or m o re of th e p ro ce s s e s , h a rd wa re , s o ftwa re ,

fa ci l i ti e s an d peopl e, th a t p ro vi d e s a ca p a b i l i ty to s a ti s fy a s ta te d n eed or o b j e cti ve .

3.32 Test coverage: Th e e xte n t to wh i ch th e te s t ca s e s te s t th e re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e s ys te m or s o ftwa re

p ro d u c t .

3.33 Testability: Th e e xte n t to wh i ch an o b j e cti ve an d fe a s i b l e te s t ca n be d esi g n ed to d e t e rm i n e

wh e th e r a re q u i re m e n t is m e t.

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© I S O /I EC ISO/IEC 1 2207 : 1 995 (E)
3.34 User: An i n d i vi d u a l or o rg a n i z a ti o n th a t u ses th e o p e ra ti o n a l s ys te m to p e rfo rm a s p e ci fi c fu n cti o n .

N O T E ÑTh e u ser m ay p e rfo rm o th e r ro l e s s u ch as a cq u i re r, d e ve l o p e r, or m a i n ta i n e r.

3.35 Validation: C o n fi rm a t i o n by e x a m i n a ti o n an d p ro vi s i o n of o b j e ct i v e e vi d e n ce th a t th e p a rt i c u l a r

re q u i re m e n ts fo r a s p e ci fi c i n te n d e d u se a re fu l fi l l e d .

N O TE S

1 In d esi g n an d d e ve l o p m e n t, va l i d a ti o n co n ce rn s th e p ro ce s s of e xa m i n i n g a p ro d u ct to d e te rm i n e co n fo rm i ty wi th u ser

n eed s.

2 Va l i d a ti o n is n o rm a l l y p e rfo rm e d on th e fi n a l p ro d u ct u n d er d e fi n e d o p e ra ti n g co n d i ti o n s . It m ay be n e ce s s a ry in

e a rl i e r s ta g e s .

3 " Va l i d a te d " is u sed to d e s i g n a te th e co rre s p o n d i n g s ta tu s .

4 M u l ti p l e va l i d a ti o n s m ay be ca rri e d ou t if th e re a re d i ffe re n t i n te n d e d u ses.

[I S O 8402: 1 994, 2. 1 8]

3.36 Verification: C o n fi rm a t i o n by e xa m i n a ti o n an d p ro vi s i o n of o b j e ct i v e e vi d e n ce th a t s p e c i fi e d

re q u i re m e n ts h a ve been fu l fi l l e d .

N O TE S

1 In d esi g n an d d e ve l o p m e n t, ve ri fi ca ti o n co n ce rn s th e p ro ce s s of e xa m i n i n g th e re s u l t of a g i ve n a cti vi ty to d e te rm i n e

co n fo rm i ty wi th th e s ta te d re q u i re m e n t fo r th a t a cti vi ty.

2 " Ve ri fi e d " is u sed to d e s i g n a te th e co rre s p o n d i n g s ta tu s .

[I S O 8402: 1 994, 2. 1 7]

3.37 Version: An i d e n ti fi e d i n s ta n ce of an i te m .

N O TE ÑM o d i fi ca ti o n to a ve rs i o n of a s o ftwa re p ro d u ct, re s u l ti n g in a new ve rs i o n , re q u i re s co n fi g u ra ti o n m an ag em en t

a cti o n .

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ISO/IEC 1 2207 : 1 995 (E) © I S O /I EC

4 Application of this International Standard

Th i s cl a u s e p re s e n ts th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s th a t ca n be e m p l o ye d to a cq u i re , s u p p l y, d e ve l o p ,

o p e ra te , an d m a i n ta i n s o ftwa re p ro d u cts . Th e o b j e cti v e is to p ro vi d e a ro a d m ap fo r th e u sers of th i s

I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd so th a t th e y ca n o ri e n t th e m s e l ve s in it an d appl y it j u d i ci o u s l y.

4.1 Organization of this International Standard

4.1 .1 Life cycle processes
Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd g ro u p s th e a cti vi ti e s th a t m ay be p e rfo rm e d d u ri n g th e l i fe cy cl e of s o ftwa re

i n to fi ve p ri m a ry p ro ce s s e s , ei g h t s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s e s , an d fo u r o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p ro ce s s e s . E a ch l i fe cycl e

p ro ce s s is d i vi d e d i n to a set of a cti v i ti e s ; e a ch a cti v i ty is fu rth e r d i vi d e d i n to a set of tasks. S u b cl a u s e

n u m b e ri n g a. b d e n o te s a p ro ce s s , a. b. c an a cti v i ty, an d a . b . c. d a task. Th e s e l i fe cy cl e p ro ce s s e s a re

i n tro d u ce d bel ow an d d e p i cte d in fi g u re 1 .

4.1 .1 .1 Primary processes

Th e p ri m a ry p ro ce s s e s ( cl a u s e 5) co n s i s t of fi ve p ro ce s s e s th a t s e rve p ri m a ry p a rti e s d u ri n g th e l i fe cycl e of

s o ftwa re . A p ri m a ry p a rty is on e th a t i n i ti a te s or p e rfo rm s th e d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , or m a i n te n a n ce of

s o ftwa re p ro d u cts . Th e s e p ri m a ry p a rti e s a re th e a cq u i re r, th e s u p p l i e r, th e d e ve l o p e r, th e o p e ra to r, an d

th e m a i n ta i n e r of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts . Th e p ri m a ry p ro ce s s e s a re :

1 ) Acquisition process ( s u b cl a u s e 5. 1 ). D e fi n e s th e a cti vi ti e s of th e a cq u i re r, th e o rg a n i z a ti o n th a t

a cq u i re s a s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce .

2) Supply process ( s u b cl a u s e 5. 2). D e fi n e s th e a cti vi ti e s of th e s u p p l i e r, th e o rg a n i z a ti o n th a t

p ro vi d e s th e s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce to th e a cq u i re r.

3) Development process ( s u b cl a u s e 5. 3). D e fi n e s th e a cti vi ti e s of th e d e ve l o p e r, th e o rg a n i z a t i o n

th a t d e fi n e s an d d e ve l o p s th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct.

4) Operation process ( s u b cl a u s e 5. 4). D e fi n e s th e a cti vi ti e s of th e o p e ra to r, th e o rg a n i z a ti o n th a t

p ro vi d e s th e s e rvi ce of o p e ra ti n g a co m p u te r s ys te m in i ts l i ve e n vi ro n m e n t fo r i ts u s e rs .

5) Maintenance process ( s u b cl a u s e 5. 5). D e fi n e s th e a cti v i ti e s of th e m a i n t a i n e r, th e o rg a n i z a t i o n

th a t p ro vi d e s th e s e rvi ce of m a i n ta i n i n g th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct; th a t i s, m an ag i n g m o d i fi c a ti o n s to

th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct to ke e p it cu rre n t an d in o p e ra ti o n a l fi tn e s s . Th i s p ro ce s s i n cl u d e s th e

m i g ra ti o n an d re ti re m e n t of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct.

4.1 .1 .2 Supporting life cycle processes

Th e s u p p o rti n g l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s ( cl a u s e 6) co n s i s t of ei g h t p ro ce s s e s . A s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s s u p p o rts

a n o th e r p ro ce s s as an i n te g ra l p a rt wi th a d i s ti n ct p u rp o s e an d co n tri b u te s to th e s u cce s s an d q u a l i ty of

th e s o ftwa re p ro j e ct. A s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s is e m p l o ye d an d e xe cu te d , as n eed ed , by a n o th e r p ro ce s s .

Th e s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s e s a re :

1 ) Documentation process ( s u b cl a u s e 6. 1 ). D e fi n e s th e a cti v i ti e s fo r re co rd i n g th e i n fo r m a t i o n

p ro d u ce d by a l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s .

2) Configuration management process ( s u b cl a u s e 6. 2). D e fi n e s th e c o n fi g u ra t i o n man agemen t

a cti vi ti e s .

3) Quality assurance process ( s u b cl a u s e 6. 3). D e fi n e s th e a cti v i ti e s fo r o b j e c ti v e l y a s s u ri n g th a t th e

s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d p ro ce s s e s a re in co n fo rm a n ce wi th th e i r s p e ci fi e d re q u i re m e n ts an d a d h e re

to th e i r e s ta b l i s h e d pl an s. J oi n t Re vi e ws , Au d i ts , Ve ri fi c a t i o n , an d Va l i d a ti o n m ay be u sed as

te ch n i q u e s of Q u a l i ty As s u ra n ce .

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5. PRIMARY 6. SUPPORTING
LIFE CYCLE PROCESSES LIFE CYCLE PROCESSES
5.1 Acquisition 6.1 Documentation

6.2 Configuration
5.2 Supply Management

6.3 Quality
Assurance
5.4
Operation 6.4 Verification

5.3 6.5 Validation

Development
6.6 Joint Review
5.5 6.7 Audit
Maintenance

6.8 Problem Resolution

7. ORGANIZATIONAL LIFE CYCLE PROCESSES

7.1 Management 7.2 Infrastructure

7.3 Improvement 7.4 Training

Figure 1 . Structure of this International Standard

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4) Verification process ( s u b cl a u s e 6. 4). D e fi n e s th e a cti v i ti e s ( fo r th e a cq u i re r, th e s u p p l i e r, or a n

i n d epen d en t p a rty) fo r ve ri fyi n g th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d s e rvi ce s in va ryi n g d e p th d epen d i n g on

th e s o ftwa re p ro j e ct.

5) Validation process ( s u b cl a u s e 6. 5). D e fi n e s th e a cti v i ti e s ( fo r th e a cq u i re r, th e s u p p l i e r, or a n

i n d epen d en t p a rty) fo r va l i d a ti n g th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts of th e s o ftwa re p ro j e ct.

6) Joint review process ( s u b cl a u s e 6. 6). D e fi n e s th e a cti v i ti e s fo r e v a l u a ti n g th e sta tu s an d p ro d u ct s

of an a cti vi ty. Th i s p ro ce s s may be e m p l o ye d by an y two p a rti e s , wh e re on e p a rty ( re v i e w i n g

p a rty) re vi e ws a n o th e r p a rty ( re vi e we d p a rty) in a j oi n t fo ru m .

7) Audit process ( s u b cl a u s e 6. 7). D e fi n e s th e a cti v i ti e s fo r d e t e rm i n i n g co m p l i a n ce wi th th e

re q u i re m e n ts , pl an s, an d co n tra ct. Th i s p ro ce s s m ay be e m p l o ye d by an y two p a rti e s , wh e re on e

p a rty ( a u d i ti n g p a rty) a u d i ts th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts or a cti vi ti e s of a n o th e r p a rty ( a u d i te d p a rty) .

8) Problem resolution process ( s u b cl a u s e 6. 8). D e fi n e s a p ro ce s s fo r a n a l yz i n g an d re m o vi n g th e

p ro b l e m s ( i n cl u d i n g n o n c o n fo rm a n ce s ) , wh a te ve r th e i r n a tu re or s o u rce , th a t a re d i s c o v e re d

d u ri n g th e e xe cu ti o n of d e ve l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , m a i n te n a n ce , or o th e r p ro ce s s e s .

4.1 .1 .3 Organizational life cycle processes

Th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l l i fe cy cl e p ro ce s s e s ( cl a u s e 7) co n s i s t of fo u r p ro ce s s e s . Th e y a re e m p l o ye d by a n

o rg a n i z a ti o n to e s ta b l i s h an d i m pl em en t an u n d e rl yi n g s tru ctu re m ad e up of a s s o ci a te d l i fe cycl e

p ro ce s s e s an d p e rs o n n e l an d co n ti n u o u s l y i m p ro ve th e s tru ctu re an d p ro ce s s e s . Th e y a re typ i ca l l y

e m p l o ye d o u ts i d e th e re a l m of s p e ci fi c p ro j e cts an d co n tra cts ; h o we ve r, l esson s fro m s u ch p ro j e cts an d

co n tra cts co n tri b u te to th e i m p ro ve m e n t of th e o rg a n i z a ti o n . Th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p ro ce s s e s a re :

1 ) Management process ( s u b cl a u s e 7. 1 ). D e fi n e s th e basi c a cti v i ti e s of th e m a n a g e m e n t, i n cl u d i n g

p ro j e ct m a n a g e m e n t, re l a te d to th e e xe cu ti o n of a l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s .

2) Infrastructure process ( s u b cl a u s e 7. 2 ). D e fi n e s th e basi c a cti v i ti e s fo r e s ta b l i s h i n g th e u n d e rl y i n g

s tru ctu re of a l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s .

3) Improvement process ( s u b cl a u s e 7. 3). D e fi n e s th e basi c a cti v i ti e s th a t an o rg a n i z a ti o n ( th a t i s,

a cq u i re r, s u p p l i e r, d e ve l o p e r, o p e ra to r, m a i n ta i n e r, or th e m an ag er of a n o th e r p ro ce s s ) p e rfo rm s

fo r e s ta b l i s h i n g , m e a s u ri n g , co n tro l l i n g , an d i m p ro vi n g i ts l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s .

4) Training process ( s u b cl a u s e 7. 4). D e fi n e s th e a cti v i ti e s fo r p ro v i d i n g a d e q u a te l y t ra i n e d

p e rs o n n e l .

4.1 .2 Tailoring process . An n e x A, wh i ch is n o rm a ti ve , d e fi n e s th e basi c a cti vi ti e s n eed ed to p e rfo rm

ta i l o ri n g of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd . An n e x B co n ta i n s a b ri e f g u i d a n ce on t a i l o ri n g th e re q u i re m e n ts

of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd ; it l i s ts th e ke y fa cto rs u pon wh i ch ta i l o ri n g d e ci s i o n s m ay be m ad e.

4.1 .3 Relationship between the processes and organizations

Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd co n ta i n s va ri o u s p ro ce s s e s th a t a re appl i ed th ro u g h o u t th e l i fe cy cl e of

s o ftwa re by va ri o u s o rg a n i z a ti o n s d epen d i n g on th e i r n eed s an d g oal s. For u n d e rs ta n d a b i l i ty, An n e x C

p re s e n ts th e re l a ti o n s h i p s b e twe e n th e l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s an d re l a te d p a rti e s .

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5 Primary life cycle processes
Th i s cl a u s e d e fi n e s th e fo l l o wi n g p ri m a ry l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s :

1 ) Acq u i s i ti o n p ro ce s s ;

2) Su ppl y p ro ce s s ;

3) D e ve l o p m e n t p ro ce s s ;

4) O p e ra ti o n p ro ce s s ;

5) M a i n te n a n ce p ro ce s s .

Th e a cti v i ti e s an d tasks in a p ri m a ry p ro ce s s a re th e re s p o n s i b i l i ty of th e o rg a n i z a t i o n i n i ti a ti n g an d

p e rfo rm i n g th a t p ro ce s s . Th i s o rg a n i z a ti o n e n s u re s th a t th e p ro ce s s is in e xi s te n ce an d fu n cti o n a l .

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5.1 Acquisition process

Th e Ac q u i s i ti o n P ro ce s s co n ta i n s th e a cti v i ti e s an d tasks of th e a cq u i re r. Th e p ro ce s s beg i n s wi th th e

d e fi n i ti o n of th e n eed to a cq u i re a s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce . Th e p ro ce s s co n ti n u e s

wi th th e p re p a ra ti o n an d i ssu e of a re q u e s t fo r p ro p o s a l , s e l e cti o n of a s u p p l i e r, an d m an ag em en t of th e

a cq u i s i ti o n p ro ce s s th ro u g h to th e a cce p ta n ce of th e s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce .

Th e i n d i vi d u a l o rg a n i z a ti o n h a vi n g th e n eed m ay be ca l l e d th e o wn e r. Th e o wn e r m ay co n tra ct an y or

al l of th e a cq u i s i ti o n a cti v i ti e s to an ag en t wh o wi l l in tu rn co n d u c t th e s e a c ti v i ti e s a c co rd i n g to th e

Acq u i s i ti o n P ro ce s s . Th e a cq u i re r in th i s s u b cl a u s e m ay be th e o wn e r or th e a g e n t.

Th e a cq u i re r m an ag es th e Ac q u i s i ti o n P ro ce s s at th e p ro j e ct l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e M an ag em en t P ro ce s s

(7 . 1 ), wh i ch is i n s ta n ti a te d in th i s p ro ce s s ; e s ta b l i s h e s an i n fra s tru ctu re u n d er th e p ro ce s s fo l l o wi n g th e

I n fra s tru ctu re P ro ce s s (7. 2 ); ta i l o rs th e p ro ce s s fo r th e p ro j e ct fo l l o wi n g th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s (an n ex A) ;

an d m an ag es th e p ro ce s s at th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e I m p ro ve m e n t P ro ce s s (7. 3) an d th e

Tra i n i n g P ro ce s s (7. 4).

Li st of a cti v i ti e s: Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) I n i ti a ti o n ;

2) Re q u e s t- fo r- P ro p o s a l [- te n d e r] p re p a ra ti o n ;

3) C o n tra ct p re p a ra ti o n an d u p d a te ;

4) Su ppl i er m o n i t o ri n g ;

5) Ac c e p t a n c e an d co m p l e ti o n .

5.1 .1 Initiation . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.1 .1 .1 Th e a cq u i re r beg i n s th e a cq u i s i ti o n p ro ce s s by d e s c ri b i n g a co n ce p t or a n eed to a c q u i re ,

d e ve l o p , or e n h a n ce a s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce .

5.1 .1 .2 Th e a cq u i re r wi l l d e fi n e an d a n a l yz e th e system re q u i re m e n ts . Th e syste m re q u i re m e n ts sh ou l d

i n cl u d e bu si n ess, o rg a n i z a t i o n a l an d u se r as we l l as s a fe ty, s e cu ri ty, an d o th e r c ri t i c a l i t y re q u i re m e n ts

al on g wi th re l a te d d esi g n , te s ti n g , an d co m p l i a n ce s ta n d a rd s an d p ro ce d u re s .

5.1 .1 .3 If th e a cq u i re r re ta i n s a su ppl i er to p e rfo rm syste m re q u i re m e n ts a n a l ys i s , th e a cq u i re r wi l l

a p p ro ve th e a n a l yz e d re q u i re m e n ts .

5.1 .1 .4 Th e a cq u i re r m ay p e rfo rm th e d e fi n i t i o n an d a n a l ys i s of s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts by i ts e l f or may

re ta i n a su ppl i er to p e rfo rm th i s ta s k.

5.1 .1 .5 Th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) sh ou l d be u sed to p e rfo rm th e ta s ks in 5. 1 . 1 . 2 an d 5. 1 . 1 . 4.

5.1 .1 .6 Th e a cq u i re r wi l l co n s i d e r o p ti o n s fo r a cq u i s i ti o n ag ai n st a n a l ys i s of a p p ro p ri a te cri te ri a to

i n cl u d e ri s k, co s t an d b e n e fi ts fo r e a ch o p ti o n . O p ti o n s i n cl u d e :

a) P u rch a s e an o ff- th e - s h e l f s o ftwa re p ro d u ct th a t s a ti s fi e s th e re q u i re m e n ts .

b) D e ve l o p th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or o b ta i n th e s o ftwa re s e rvi ce i n te rn a l l y.

c) D e ve l o p th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or o b ta i n th e s o ftwa re s e rvi ce th ro u g h co n tra ct.

d) A co m b i n a ti o n of a, b, an d c a b o ve .

e) E n h a n ce an e xi s ti n g s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce .

5.1 .1 .7 Wh e n an o ff- th e - s h e l f s o ftwa re p ro d u ct is to be a cq u i re d , th e a cq u i re r wi l l e n s u re th e fo l l o w i n g

co n d i ti o n s a re s a ti s fi e d :

a) Th e re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct a re s a ti s fi e d .

b) Th e d o c u m e n ta ti o n is a va i l a b l e .

c) P ro p ri e ta ry, u sag e, o wn e rs h i p , wa rra n ty an d l i ce n s i n g ri g h ts a re s a ti s fi e d .

d) F u tu re s u p p o rt fo r th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct is pl an n ed .

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5.1 .1 .8 Th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d p re p a re , d o cu m e n t an d e xe cu te an a cq u i s i ti o n pl an . Th e pl an sh ou l d

co n ta i n th e fo l l o wi n g :

a) Re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e s ys te m ;

b) Pl an n ed e m p l o ym e n t of th e s ys te m ;

c) T yp e of co n tra ct to be e m p l o ye d ;

d) Re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s of th e o rg a n i z a ti o n s i n vo l ve d ;

e) S u p p o rt co n ce p t to be u sed ;

f) Ri s ks co n s i d e re d as we l l as m e th o d s to m an ag e th e ri s ks .

5.1 .1 .9 Th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d d e fi n e an d d o cu m e n t th e a cce p ta n ce s tra te g y an d co n d i ti o n s ( cri te ri a ) .

5.1 .2 Request-for-proposal [-tender] preparation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts o f th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.1 .2.1 Th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d d o cu m e n t th e a cq u i s i ti o n re q u i re m e n ts (e. g . , re q u e s t fo r p ro p o s a l ) , th e

co n te n t of wh i ch d epen d s u pon th e a cq u i s i ti o n o p ti o n s e l e cte d in 5. 1 . 1 . 6. Th e a cq u i s i ti o n

d o cu m e n ta ti o n sh ou l d i n cl u d e , as a p p ro p ri a te :

a) S ys te m re q u i re m e n ts ;

b) S co p e s ta te m e n t;

c) I n s tru cti o n s fo r b i d d e rs ;

d) Li st of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts ;

e) T e rm s an d co n d i ti o n s ;

f) C o n tro l of s u b co n tra cts ;

g) T e ch n i ca l co n s tra i n ts (e. g . , ta rg e t e n vi ro n m e n t) .

5.1 .2.2 Th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d d e te rm i n e wh i ch p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks of th i s I n t e rn a t i o n a l

S ta n d a rd a re a p p ro p ri a te fo r th e p ro j e ct an d sh ou l d ta i l o r th e m a c c o rd i n g l y . E s p e ci a l l y, th e a c q u i re r

sh ou l d s p e ci fy th e a p p l i ca b l e s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s e s ( cl a u s e 6) an d th e i r p e rfo rm i n g o rg a n i z a t i o n s ,

i n cl u d i n g re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s (i f o th e r th a n s u p p l i e r) , so th a t th e s u p p l i e rs m a y, in th e i r p ro p o s a l s , d e fi n e th e

a p p ro a ch to e a ch of th e s p e ci fi e d s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s e s . Th e a cq u i re r wi l l d e fi n e th e s co p e of th o s e tasks

th a t re fe re n ce th e co n tra ct.

5.1 .2.3 Th e a c q u i s i ti o n d o cu m e n ta ti o n wi l l al so d e fi n e th e co n tra ct m i l e s to n e s at wh i ch th e s u p p l i e r' s

p ro g re s s wi l l be re vi e we d an d a u d i te d as p a rt of m o n i to ri n g th e a cq u i s i ti o n (see 6. 6 an d 6. 7).

5.1 .2.4 Th e a c q u i s i ti o n re q u i re m e n ts sh ou l d be g i ve n to th e o rg a n i z a ti o n s e l e cte d fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e

a cq u i s i ti o n a cti vi ti e s .

5.1 .3 Contract preparation and update. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.1 .3.1 Th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d e s ta b l i s h a p ro ce d u re fo r su ppl i er s e l e cti o n i n cl u d i n g p ro p o s a l e va l u a ti o n

cri te ri a an d re q u i re m e n ts c o m p l i a n ce we i g h ti n g .

5.1 .3.2 Th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d s e l e ct a su ppl i er based u pon th e e v a l u a ti o n of th e s u p p l i e rs ' p ro p o s a l s ,

ca p a b i l i ti e s , an d o th e r fa cto rs th a t n eed to be co n s i d e re d .

5.1 .3.3 Th e a cq u i re r m ay i n vo l ve o th e r p a rti e s , i n cl u d i n g p o te n ti a l s u p p l i e rs , b e fo re co n tra ct a wa rd , i n

ta i l o ri n g th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd fo r th e p ro j e ct. H o we ve r, th e a cq u i re r wi l l m a ke th e fi n a l d e ci s i o n o n

th e ta i l o ri n g . Th e a cq u i re r wi l l i n cl u d e or re fe re n ce th e ta i l o re d I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd in th e co n tra ct.

5.1 .3.4 Th e a cq u i re r wi l l th e n p re p a re an d n e g o ti a te a co n tra ct wi th th e s u p p l i e r, th a t a d d resses th e

a c q u i s i ti o n re q u i re m e n ts , i n cl u d i n g th e co s t an d s ch e d u l e , of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce to b e

d e l i v e re d . Th e co n tra ct wi l l a d d re s s p ro p ri e ta ry, u sag e, o wn e rs h i p , wa rra n ty an d l i ce n s i n g ri g h ts

a s s o ci a te d wi th th e re u s a b l e o ff- th e - s h e l f s o ftwa re p ro d u cts .

5.1 .3.5 O n ce th e co n tra ct is u n d e rwa y, th e a cq u i re r wi l l co n tro l ch a n g e s to th e co n tra ct t h ro u g h

n e g o ti a ti o n wi th th e su ppl i er as p a rt of a ch a n g e c o n tro l m e ch a n i s m . Ch an g es to th e co n tra ct sh al l b e

i n ve s ti g a te d fo r i m p a ct on p ro j e ct pl an s, co s ts , b e n e fi ts , q u a l i ty, an d s ch e d u l e .

N O TE ÑTh e a cq u i re r d e te rm i n e s wh eth er th e te rm " co n tra ct" or " a g re e m e n t" is to be u sed in th e a p p l i ca ti o n of th i s

I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd .

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5.1 .4 Supplier monitoring. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.1 .4.1 Th e a cq u i re r wi l l m o n i to r th e s u p p l i e r' s a c t i v i ti e s in a cc o rd a n ce wi th th e J oi n t Re vi e w P ro ce s s

(6. 6) an d th e Au d i t P ro ce s s (6 . 7). Th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d su ppl em en t th e m o n i to ri n g wi th th e V e r i fi c a t i o n

P ro ce s s (6. 4 ) an d th e Va l i d a ti o n P ro ce s s (6. 5) as n eed ed .

5.1 .4.2 Th e a cq u i re r wi l l co o p e ra te wi th th e su ppl i er to p ro vi d e al l n e ce s s a ry i n fo rm a t i o n in a ti m e l y

m an n er an d re s o l ve al l pen d i n g i te m s .

5.1 .5 Acceptance and completion. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.1 .5.1 Th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d p re p a re fo r a cce p ta n ce based on th e d e fi n e d a cce p ta n ce s tra te g y an d

cri te ri a . Th e p re p a ra ti o n of te s t ca s e s , te s t d a ta , te s t p ro ce d u re s , an d te s t e n vi ro n m e n t sh ou l d b e

i n cl u d e d . Th e e xte n t of su ppl i er i n vo l ve m e n t sh ou l d be d e fi n e d .

5.1 .5.2 Th e a cq u i re r wi l l co n d u ct a cce p ta n ce re vi e w an d a cce p ta n ce te s ti n g of th e d e l i ve ra b l e s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce an d wi l l a cce p t it fro m th e su ppl i er wh e n al l a cce p ta n ce co n d i ti o n s a re s a ti s fi e d . Th e

a cce p ta n ce p ro ce d u re sh ou l d co m p l y wi th th e p ro vi s i o n s of 5. 1 . 1 . 9.

5.1 .5.3 Afte r a cce p ta n ce , th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d ta ke th e re s p o n s i b i l i ty fo r th e c o n fi g u ra t i o n man ag emen t

of th e d e l i ve re d s o ftwa re p ro d u ct (see 6. 2).

N O TE ÑTh e a cq u i re r m ay i n s ta l l th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or p e rfo rm th e s o ftwa re s e rvi ce in a cco rd a n ce wi th i n s t ru c t i o n s

d e fi n e d by th e s u p p l i e r.

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5.2 Supply process
Th e S u ppl y P ro ce s s co n ta i n s th e a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks of th e s u p p l i e r. Th e p ro ce s s m ay be i n i t i a te d e i th e r

by a d e ci s i o n to p re p a re a p ro p o s a l to a n s we r an a cq u i re r' s re q u e s t fo r p ro p o s a l or by si g n i n g an d e n t e ri n g

i n to a co n tra ct wi th th e a cq u i re r to p ro vi d e th e s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce . Th e p ro ce s s

co n ti n u e s wi th th e d e te rm i n a ti o n of p ro ce d u re s an d re s o u rce s n eed ed to m an ag e an d assu re th e p ro j e c t ,

i n cl u d i n g d e ve l o p m e n t of p ro j e ct pl an s an d e x e cu ti o n of th e pl an s th ro u g h d e l i ve ry of th e s yste m ,

s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s o ftwa re s e rvi ce to th e a cq u i re r.

Th e su ppl i er m an ag es th e Su ppl y P ro ce s s at th e p ro j e ct l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e M an ag em en t P ro ce s s (7. 1 ),

wh i ch is i n s ta n ti a te d in th i s p ro ce s s ; e s ta b l i s h e s an i n fra s tru ctu re u n d er th e p ro ce s s fo l l o wi n g th e

I n fra s tru ctu re P ro ce s s (7. 2 ); ta i l o rs th e p ro ce s s fo r th e p ro j e ct fo l l o wi n g th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s (an n ex A) ;

an d m an ag es th e p ro ce s s at th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e I m p ro ve m e n t P ro ce s s (7. 3) an d th e

Tra i n i n g P ro ce s s (7. 4).

Li st of a cti v i ti e s: Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) I n i ti a ti o n ;

2) P re p a ra ti o n of re s p o n s e ;

3) C o n t ra c t ;

4) Planning;

5) E x e c u ti o n an d c o n tro l ;

6) Re v i e w an d e va l u a ti o n ;

7) D e l i v e ry an d co m p l e ti o n .

5.2.1 Initiation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.2.1 .1 Th e su ppl i er co n d u cts a re vi e w of re q u i re m e n ts in th e re q u e s t fo r p ro p o s a l ta ki n g i n to a cco u n t

o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p o l i ci e s an d o th e r re g u l a ti o n s .

5.2.1 .2 Th e su ppl i er sh ou l d m a ke a d e ci s i o n to bi d or a cce p t th e co n tra ct.

5.2.2 Preparation of response . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

5.2.2.1 Th e su ppl i er sh ou l d d e fi n e an d p re p a re a p ro p o s a l in re s p o n s e to th e re q u e s t fo r p ro p o s a l ,

i n cl u d i n g i ts re co m m e n d e d ta i l o ri n g of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd .

5.2.3 Contract . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.2.3.1 Th e su ppl i er sh al l n e g o ti a te an d e n te r i n to a co n tra ct wi th th e a cq u i re r o rg a n i z a ti o n to p ro v i d e

th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce .

5.2.3.2 Th e su ppl i er m ay re q u e s t m o d i fi ca ti o n to th e co n tra ct as p a rt of th e ch a n g e co n tro l m e ch a n i s m .

5.2.4 Planning . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.2.4.1 Th e su ppl i er sh al l co n d u c t a re vi e w of th e a cq u i s i ti o n re q u i re m e n ts to d e fi n e th e fra m e wo rk fo r

m an ag i n g an d a s s u ri n g th e p ro j e ct an d fo r a s s u ri n g th e q u a l i ty of th e d e l i v e ra b l e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or

s e rv i ce .

5.2.4.2 If n ot s ti p u l a te d in th e co n tra ct, th e su ppl i er sh al l d e fi n e or s e l e ct a s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e m od el

a p p ro p ri a te to th e s co p e , m a g n i tu d e , an d co m p l e xi ty of th e p ro j e ct. Th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks

of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd sh al l be s e l e cte d an d m apped o n to th e l i fe cycl e m od el .

5.2.4.3 Th e su ppl i er sh al l e s ta b l i s h re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e pl an s fo r m an ag i n g an d a s s u ri n g th e p ro j e ct an d

fo r a s s u ri n g th e q u a l i ty of th e d e l i ve ra b l e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce . Re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e pl an s sh ou l d

i n cl u d e re s o u rce n eed s an d a cq u i re r i n vo l v e m e n t.

5.2.4.4 O n ce th e pl an n i n g re q u i re m e n ts a re e s ta b l i s h e d , th e su ppl i er sh al l co n s i d e r th e o p ti o n s fo r

d e ve l o p i n g th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or p ro vi d i n g th e s o ftwa re s e rvi ce , ag ai n st an a n a l ys i s of risks a s s o c i a te d

wi th e a ch o p ti o n . O p ti o n s i n cl u d e :

a) D e ve l o p th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or p ro vi d e th e s o ftwa re s e rvi ce u si n g i n te rn a l re s o u rce s .

b) D e ve l o p th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or p ro vi d e th e s o ftwa re s e rvi ce by s u b co n tra cti n g .

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c) O b ta i n o ff- th e - s h e l f s o ftwa re p ro d u cts fro m i n te rn a l or e xte rn a l s o u rce s .

d) A co m b i n a ti o n of a, b, an d c a b o ve .

5.2.4.5 Th e su ppl i er sh al l d e ve l o p an d d o cu m e n t p ro j e ct m an ag em en t pl an (s) based u pon th e pl an n i n g

re q u i re m e n ts an d o p ti o n s s e l e cte d in 5. 2. 4. 4. I te m s to be co n s i d e re d in th e pl an i n cl u d e bu t a re not

l i m i te d to th e fo l l o wi n g :

a) P ro j e c t o rg a n i z a ti o n a l s tru ctu re an d a u th o ri ty an d re s p o n s i b i l i ty of e a ch o rg a n i z a ti o n a l u n i t,

i n cl u d i n g e xt e rn a l o rg a n i z a ti o n s ;

b) E n g i n e e ri n g e n v i ro n m e n t ( fo r d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , or m a i n te n a n ce , as a p p l i ca b l e ) , i n cl u d i n g

te s t e n vi ro n m e n t, l i b ra ry, e q u i p m e n t, fa ci l i ti e s , s ta n d a rd s , p ro ce d u re s , an d to o l s ;

c) Work b re a kd o wn s tru ctu re of th e l i fe cy cl e p ro ce s s e s an d a cti vi ti e s , i n cl u d i n g th e s o ftwa re

p ro d u cts , s o ftwa re s e rvi ce s an d n o n - d e l i v e ra b l e i te m s , to be p e rfo rm e d to g e th e r wi th b u d g e ts ,

s ta ffi n g , p h ys i ca l re s o u rce s , s o ftwa re s i ze , an d s ch e d u l e s a s s o ci a te d wi th th e ta s ks ;

d) M an ag em en t of th e q u a l i ty ch a ra cte ri s ti cs of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts or s e rvi ce s . S e p a ra te pl an s fo r

q u a l i ty m ay be d e ve l o p e d .

e) M an ag em en t of th e s a fe ty, s e cu ri ty, an d o th e r c ri t i c a l re q u i re m e n ts of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts or

s e rvi ce s . S e p a ra te pl an s fo r s a fe ty an d s e cu ri ty m ay be d e ve l o p e d .

f) S u b c o n tra c t o r m a n a g e m e n t, i n cl u d i n g s u b co n tra cto r s e l e cti o n an d i n vo l ve m e n t b e twe e n th e

s u b co n tra cto r an d th e a cq u i re r, if a n y;

g) Q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce (see 6. 3);

h) V e ri fi c a t i o n (s e e 6. 4) an d v a l i d a ti o n (s e e 6. 5); i n cl u d i n g th e a p p ro a ch fo r i n te rfa c i n g wi th th e

ve ri fi ca ti o n an d v a l i d a ti o n a g e n t, if s p e ci fi e d ;

i) Acq u i re r i n vo l ve m e n t; th a t i s, by s u ch m ean s as j oi n t re vi e ws (see 6. 6), a u d i ts (s e e 6. 7), i n fo r m a l

m e e ti n g s , re p o rti n g , m o d i fi c a t i o n an d ch a n g e ; i m p l e m e n ta ti o n , a p p ro v a l , a cce p ta n ce , an d

a cce s s to fa ci l i ti e s ;

j) U ser i n vo l ve m e n t; by s u ch m ean s as re q u i re m e n ts s e tti n g e xe rci s e s , p ro to typ e d e m o n s tra ti o n s an d

e va l u a ti o n s ;

k) Ri s k m a n a g e m e n t; th a t is m an ag em en t of th e a re a s of th e p ro j e ct th a t i n vo l ve p o te n ti a l te ch n i ca l ,

co s t, an d s ch e d u l e ri s ks ;

l) S e cu ri ty p o l i cy; th a t i s, th e ru l e s fo r n e e d - to - kn o w an d a cce s s - to - i n fo rm a ti o n at e a ch p ro j e c t

o rg a n i z a t i o n l e ve l ;

m) Ap p ro va l re q u i re d by s u ch m ean s as re g u l a ti o n s , re q u i re d ce rt i fi c a t i o n s , p ro p ri e ta ry, u sag e,

o wn e rs h i p , wa rra n ty an d l i ce n s i n g ri g h ts ;

n) M ean s fo r s ch e d u l i n g , tra cki n g , an d re p o rti n g ;

o) Tra i n i n g of p e rs o n n e l (see 7. 4).

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5.2.5 Execution and control. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.2.5.1 Th e su ppl i er sh al l i m pl em en t an d e xe cu te th e p ro j e ct m an ag em en t pl an (s) d e ve l o p e d in 5. 2. 4.

5.2.5.2 Th e su ppl i er sh al l :

a) D e ve l o p th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct in a cco rd a n ce wi th D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3).

b) O p e ra te th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct in a cco rd a n ce wi th O p e ra ti o n P ro ce s s (5. 4).

c) M a i n ta i n th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct in a cco rd a n ce wi th M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s (5. 5).

5.2.5.3 Th e su ppl i er sh al l m o n i to r an d co n tro l th e prog re ss an d th e q u a l i ty of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts or

s e rvi ce s of th e p ro j e ct th ro u g h o u t th e co n tra cte d l i fe c ycl e . Th i s sh al l be an on g oi n g , i te ra ti ve task,

wh i ch sh al l p ro vi d e fo r:

a) M o n i to ri n g prog re ss of te c h n i c a l p e rfo rm a n ce , co s ts , an d s ch e d u l e s an d re p o rti n g of p ro j e c t

sta tu s;

b) P ro b l e m i d e n ti fi ca ti o n , re co rd i n g , a n a l ys i s , an d re s o l u ti o n .

5.2.5.4 Th e su ppl i er sh al l m an ag e an d co n tro l th e s u b co n tra cto rs in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e Acq u i s i ti o n

P ro ce s s (5. 1 ). Th e su ppl i er sh al l pass d o wn al l co n tra c t u a l re q u i re m e n ts n e ce s s a ry to e n s u re th a t th e

s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce d e l i ve re d to th e a cq u i re r is d e ve l o p e d or p e rfo rm e d in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e

p ri m e - co n tra ct re q u i re m e n ts .

5.2.5.5 Th e su ppl i er sh al l i n te rfa ce wi th th e i n d epen d en t v e ri fi c a t i o n , v a l i d a ti o n , or te s t ag en t as

s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct an d p ro j e ct pl an s.

5.2.5.6 Th e su ppl i er sh al l i n te rfa ce wi th o th e r p a rti e s as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct an d p ro j e ct pl an s.

5.2.6 Review and evaluation . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.2.6.1 Th e su ppl i er sh ou l d co o rd i n a te co n tra c t re vi e w a cti v i ti e s , i n te rfa ce s , an d co m m u n i ca ti o n wi th

th e a cq u i re r' s o rg a n i z a ti o n .

5.2.6.2 Th e su ppl i er sh al l co n d u c t or s u p p o rt th e i n fo rm a l m e e ti n g s , a cce p ta n ce re vi e w, a cce p ta n ce

te s ti n g , j oi n t re vi e ws , an d a u d i ts wi th th e a cq u i re r as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct an d p ro j e ct pl an s. Th e

j oi n t re vi e ws sh al l be co n d u cte d in a cco rd a n ce wi th 6. 6, a u d i ts in a cco rd a n ce wi th 6. 7.

5.2.6.3 Th e su ppl i er sh al l p e rfo rm v e ri fi c a ti o n an d va l i d a ti o n in a c c o rd a n c e wi th 6. 4 an d 6. 5

re s p e cti ve l y to d e m o n s tra te th a t th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts or s e rvi ce s an d p ro ce s s e s fu l l y s a ti s fy th e i r

re s p e cti ve re q u i re m e n ts .

5.2.6.4 Th e su ppl i er sh al l m a ke a va i l a b l e to th e a cq u i re r th e re p o rts of e v a l u a ti o n , re vi e ws , a u d i ts ,

te s ti n g , an d p ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n s as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

5.2.6.5 Th e su ppl i er sh al l p ro vi d e th e a cq u i re r a cce s s to th e s u p p l i e r' s an d s u b co n tra cto rs ' fa c i l i ti e s fo r

re vi e w of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts or s e rvi ce s as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct an d p ro j e ct pl an s.

5.2.6.6 Th e su ppl i er sh al l p e rfo rm q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce a cti vi ti e s in a cco rd a n ce wi th 6. 3.

5.2.7 Delivery and completion. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.2.7.1 Th e su ppl i er sh al l d e l i ve r th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

5.2.7.2 Th e su ppl i er sh al l p ro vi d e a s s i s ta n ce to th e a cq u i re r in s u p p o rt of th e d e l i v e re d s o ftwa re p ro d u c t

or s e rvi ce as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

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5.3 Development process

Th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s co n ta i n s th e a cti vi ti e s an d tasks of th e d e ve l o p e r. Th e p ro ce s s co n ta i n s th e

a cti vi ti e s fo r re q u i re m e n ts a n a l ys i s , d esi g n , co d i n g , i n te g ra ti o n , te s ti n g , an d i n s ta l l a ti o n an d a cce p ta n ce

re l a te d to s o ftwa re p ro d u cts . It m ay co n ta i n syste m re l a te d a cti v i ti e s if s ti p u l a te d in th e co n tra ct. Th e

d e ve l o p e r p e rfo rm s or s u p p o rts th e a cti vi ti e s in th i s p ro ce s s in a cco rd a n ce wi th th e co n tra ct.

Th e d e ve l o p e r m an ag es th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s at th e p ro j e ct l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e M an ag emen t

P ro ce s s (7. 1 ), wh i ch is i n s ta n ti a te d in th i s p ro ce s s ; e s ta b l i s h e s an i n fra s tru ctu re u n d er th e p ro ce s s

fo l l o wi n g th e I n fra s tru ctu re P ro ce s s (7. 2 ); ta i l o rs th e p ro ce s s fo r th e p ro j e ct fo l l o wi n g th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s

(an n ex A) ; an d m an ag es th e p ro ce s s at th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e I m p ro ve m e n t P ro ce s s (7. 3)

an d th e T ra i n i n g P ro ce s s (7. 4 ). Wh e n th e d e ve l o p e r is th e su ppl i er of th e d e ve l o p e d s o ftwa re p ro d u ct, th e

d e ve l o p e r p e rfo rm s th e Su ppl y P ro ce s s (5. 2).

Li st of a cti v i ti e s: Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) S ys te m re q u i re m e n ts a n a l ys i s ;

3) S ys te m a rch i te ctu ra l d esi g n ;

4) S o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts a n a l ys i s ;

5) S o ftwa re a rch i te ctu ra l d esi g n ;

6) S o ftwa re d e ta i l e d d esi g n ;

7) S o ftwa re co d i n g an d te s ti n g ;

8) S o ftwa re i n te g ra ti o n ;

9) S o ftwa re q u a l i fi ca ti o n te s ti n g ;

1 0) S ys te m i n te g ra ti o n ;

1 1 ) S ys te m q u a l i fi ca ti o n te s ti n g ;

1 2) S o ftwa re i n s t a l l a ti o n ;

1 3) S o ftwa re a cce p ta n ce s u p p o rt.

5.3.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.3.1 .1 If n ot s ti p u l a te d in th e co n tra ct, th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e fi n e or s e l e ct a s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e m od el

a p p ro p ri a te to th e s co p e , m a g n i tu d e , an d co m p l e x i t y of th e p ro j e ct. Th e a cti v i ti e s an d tasks of th e

D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s sh al l be s e l e cte d an d m apped o n to th e l i fe cycl e m od el .

N O TE ÑTh e s e a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks m ay o ve rl a p or i n te ra ct an d m ay be p e rfo rm e d i te ra ti ve l y or re cu rs i ve l y.

5.3.1 .2 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l :

a) D o cu m e n t th e o u tp u ts in a cco rd a n ce wi th th e D o cu m e n ta ti o n P ro ce s s (6. 1 ).

b) P l a ce th e o u tp u ts u n d er th e C o n fi g u ra ti o n M an ag em en t P ro ce s s (6. 2 ) an d p e rfo rm ch a n g e co n tro l

in a cco rd a n ce wi th i t.

c) D o cu m e n t an d re s o l ve p ro b l e m s an d n o n co n fo rm a n ce s fo u n d in th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d ta s ks in

a cco rd a n ce wi th th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n P ro ce s s (6. 8).

d) P e rfo rm th e s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s e s ( cl a u s e 6) as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

5.3.1 .3 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l s e l e ct, ta i l o r, an d u se th o s e s ta n d a rd s , m e th o d s , to o l s , an d co m p u te r

p ro g ra m m i n g l an g u ag es (i f n ot s ti p u l a te d in th e co n tra ct) th a t a re d o c u m e n te d , a p p ro p ri a te , an d

e s ta b l i s h e d by th e o rg a n i z a ti o n fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e a cti vi ti e s of th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s an d s u p p o rt i n g

p ro ce s s e s ( cl a u s e 6 ).

5.3.1 .4 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p pl an s fo r co n d u cti n g th e a cti vi ti e s of th e d e ve l o p m e n t p ro ce s s . Th e

pl an s sh ou l d i n cl u d e s p e c i fi c s ta n d a rd s , m e th o d s , to o l s , a cti o n s , an d re s p o n s i b i l i ty a s s o ci a te d wi th th e

d e ve l o p m e n t an d q u a l i fi c a t i o n of al l re q u i re m e n ts i n cl u d i n g s a fe ty an d s e cu ri ty. If n e ce s s a ry, s e p a ra te

pl an s m ay be d e ve l o p e d . Th e s e pl an s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d an d e xe cu te d .

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5.3.1 .5 N o n - d e l i v e ra b l e i te m s m ay be e m p l o ye d in th e d e ve l o p m e n t or m a i n te n a n ce of th e s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct. H o we ve r, it sh al l be e n s u re d th a t th e o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce of th e d e l i v e ra b l e s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct a fte r i ts d e l i ve ry to th e a cq u i re r a re i n d epen d en t of s u ch i te m s , o th e rwi s e th o s e i te m s sh ou l d b e

co n s i d e re d as d e l i v e ra b l e .

5.3.2 System requirements analysis. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g tasks, wh i ch th e d e ve l o p e r

sh al l p e rfo rm or s u p p o rt as re q u i re d by th e co n tra ct:

5.3.2.1 Th e s p e ci fi c i n te n d e d u se of th e s ys te m to be d e ve l o p e d sh al l be a n a l yz e d to s p e ci fy system

re q u i re m e n ts . Th e syste m re q u i re m e n ts s p e c i fi c a t i o n sh al l d e s cri b e : fu n cti o n s an d ca p a b i l i ti e s of th e

s ys te m ; bu si n ess, o rg a n i z a t i o n a l an d u se r re q u i re m e n ts ; s a fe ty, s e cu ri ty, h u m a n - fa cto rs e n g i n e e ri n g

( e rg o n o m i cs ) , i n te rfa ce , o p e ra ti o n s , an d m a i n te n a n ce re q u i re m e n ts ; d esi g n co n s tra i n ts an d q u a l i fi c a t i o n

re q u i re m e n ts . Th e s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts s p e ci fi ca ti o n sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.2.2 Th e s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts sh al l be e va l u a te d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w. Th e re s u l ts of

e va l u a ti o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

a) T ra ce a b i l i ty to a cq u i s i ti o n n eed s;

b) C o n s i s te n cy wi th a cq u i s i ti o n n eed s;

c) T e s ta b i l i ty;

d) F e a s i b i l i ty of s ys te m a rch i te ctu ra l d esi g n ;

e) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

5.3.3 System architectural design. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g tasks, wh i ch th e d e ve l o p e r

sh al l p e rfo rm or s u p p o rt as re q u i re d by th e co n tra ct:

5.3.3.1 A to p - l e ve l a rch i te ctu re of th e s ys te m sh al l be e s ta b l i s h e d . Th e a rc h i te ct u re sh al l i d e n ti fy i te m s

of h a rd wa re , s o ftwa re , an d m a n u a l - o p e ra ti o n s . It sh al l be e n s u re d th a t al l th e s yste m re q u i re m e n ts a re

a l l o c a te d am on g th e i te m s . H a rd wa re c o n fi g u ra t i o n i te m s , s o ftwa re c o n fi g u ra t i o n i te m s , an d m an u al

o p e ra ti o n s sh al l be s u b s e q u e n tl y i d e n t i fi e d fro m th e s e i te m s . Th e s yste m a rc h i te ct u re an d th e system

re q u i re m e n ts a l l o ca te d to th e i te m s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.3.2 Th e system a rch i te ctu re an d th e re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e i te m s sh al l be e va l u a te d co n s i d e ri n g th e

cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w. Th e re s u l ts of th e e va l u a ti o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

a) T ra ce a b i l i ty to th e s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts ;

b) C o n s i s te n cy wi th th e s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts ;

c) Ap p ro p ri a te n e s s of d esi g n s ta n d a rd s an d m e th o d s u sed ;

d) F e a s i b i l i ty of th e s o ftwa re i te m s fu l fi l l i n g th e i r a l l o ca te d re q u i re m e n ts ;

e) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

5.3.4 Software requirements analysis . For e a ch s o ftwa re i te m (or s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra t i o n i te m , i f

i d e n ti fi e d ) , th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.3.4.1 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l e s ta b l i s h an d d o cu m e n t s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts , i n cl u d i n g th e q u a l i ty

ch a ra cte ri s ti cs s p e ci fi ca ti o n s , d e s cri b e d b e l o w. G u i d a n ce fo r s p e ci fyi n g q u a l i ty ch a ra cte ri s ti cs m ay b e

fo u n d in I S O /I E C 91 26.

a) F u n cti o n a l an d ca p a b i l i ty s p e c i fi c a t i o n s , i n cl u d i n g p e rfo rm a n ce , p h ys i ca l ch a ra cte ri s ti cs , an d

e n vi ro n m e n ta l co n d i ti o n s u n d er wh i ch th e s o ftwa re i te m is to p e rfo rm ;

b) I n te rfa ce s e xte rn a l to th e s o ftwa re i te m ;

c) Q u a l i fi c a t i o n re q u i re m e n t s ;

d) S a fe ty s p e ci fi ca ti o n s , i n cl u d i n g th o s e re l a te d to m e th o d s of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce ,

e n vi ro n m e n ta l i n fl u e n ce s , an d p e rs o n n e l i n j u ry;

e) S e cu ri ty s p e ci fi ca ti o n s , i n cl u d i n g th o s e re l a te d to co m p ro m i s e of s e n s i ti ve i n fo rm a ti o n ;

f) H u m a n - fa cto rs e n g i n e e ri n g ( e rg o n o m i cs ) , i n cl u d i n g th o s e re l a te d to m an u al o p e ra ti o n s ,

h u m an -eq u i pm en t i n te ra cti o n s , co n s tra i n ts on p e rs o n n e l , an d a re a s n eed i n g co n ce n tra te d h u m an

a tte n ti o n , th a t a re s e n s i ti ve to h u m an e rro rs an d tra i n i n g ;

g) D a ta d e fi n i ti o n an d d a ta b a s e re q u i re m e n ts ;

h) I n s ta l l a ti o n an d a cce p ta n ce re q u i re m e n ts of th e d e l i v e re d s o ftwa re p ro d u ct at th e o p e ra ti o n an d

m a i n te n a n ce s i te ( s ) ;

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i) U ser d o cu m e n ta ti o n ;

j) U ser o p e ra ti o n an d e xe cu ti o n re q u i re m e n ts ;

k) U ser m a i n te n a n ce re q u i re m e n ts .

5.3.4.2 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l e va l u a te th e s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w.

Th e re s u l ts of th e e va l u a ti o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

a) Tra ce a b i l i ty to s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts an d s ys te m d esi g n ;

b) E xte rn a l co n s i s te n cy wi th s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts ;

c) I n te rn a l co n s i s te n cy;

d) T e s ta b i l i ty;

e) F e a s i b i l i ty of s o ftwa re d esi g n ;

f) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

5.3.4.3 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l co n d u ct j oi n t re vi e w( s ) in a cco rd a n ce wi th 6. 6. U pon s u cce s s fu l co m p l e ti o n

of th e re vi e w( s ) , a basel i n e fo r th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e s o ftwa re i te m sh al l be e s ta b l i s h e d .

5.3.5 Software architectural design . For e a ch s o ftwa re i te m (or s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra t i o n i te m , i f

i d e n ti fi e d ) , th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.3.5.1 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l tra n s fo rm th e re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e s o ftwa re i te m i n to an a rch i te ctu re th a t

d e s cri b e s i ts to p - l e v e l s tru ctu re an d i d e n ti fi e s th e s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts . It sh al l be e n s u re d th a t al l th e

re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e s o ftwa re i te m a re a l l o ca te d to i ts s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts an d fu rth e r re fi n e d to

fa ci l i ta te d e ta i l e d d esi g n . Th e a rch i te ctu re of th e s o ftwa re i te m sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.5.2 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p an d d o cu m e n t a to p - l e v e l d esi g n fo r th e i n te rfa ce s e xte rn a l to th e

s o ftwa re i te m an d b e twe e n th e s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts of th e s o ftwa re i te m .

5.3.5.3 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p an d d o cu m e n t a to p - l e ve l d esi g n fo r th e d a ta b a s e .

5.3.5.4 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh ou l d d e ve l o p an d d o cu m e n t p re l i m i n a ry ve rs i o n s of u ser d o cu m e n ta ti o n .

5.3.5.5 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e fi n e an d d o cu m e n t p re l i m i n a ry te s t re q u i re m e n ts an d th e s ch e d u l e fo r

S o ftwa re I n te g ra ti o n .

5.3.5.6 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l e va l u a te th e a rc h i te ct u re of th e s o ftwa re i te m an d th e i n te rfa ce an d

d a ta b a s e d esi g n s co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w. Th e re s u l ts of th e e va l u a ti o n s sh al l b e

d o cu m e n te d .

a) T ra ce a b i l i ty to th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e s o ftwa re i te m ;

b) E xte rn a l co n s i s te n cy wi th th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e s o ftwa re i te m ;

c) I n te rn a l co n s i s te n cy b e twe e n th e s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts ;

d) Ap p ro p ri a te n e s s of d esi g n m e th o d s an d s ta n d a rd s u sed ;

e) F e a s i b i l i ty of d e ta i l e d d esi g n ;

f) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

5.3.5.7 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l co n d u ct j oi n t re vi e w( s ) in a cco rd a n ce wi th 6. 6.

5.3.6 Software detailed design . For e a ch s o ftwa re i te m (or s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m , if i d e n ti fi e d ) , th i s

a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.3.6.1 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p a d e ta i l e d d esi g n fo r e a ch s o ftwa re co m p o n e n t of th e s o ftwa re i te m .

Th e s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts sh al l be re fi n e d i n to l o we r l e ve l s co n ta i n i n g s o ftwa re u n i ts th a t ca n be co d e d ,

co m p i l e d , an d te s te d . It sh al l be e n s u re d th a t al l th e s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts a re a l l o ca te d fro m th e

s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts to s o ftwa re u n i ts . Th e d e ta i l e d d esi g n sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.6.2 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p an d d o cu m e n t a d e ta i l e d d esi g n fo r th e i n te rfa ce s e xte rn a l to th e

s o ftwa re i te m , b e twe e n th e s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts , an d b e twe e n th e s o ftwa re u n i ts . Th e d e ta i l e d d esi g n of

th e i n te rfa ce s sh al l p e rm i t co d i n g wi th o u t th e n eed fo r fu rth e r i n fo rm a ti o n .

5.3.6.3 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p an d d o cu m e n t a d e ta i l e d d esi g n fo r th e d a ta b a s e .

5.3.6.4 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l u p d a te u ser d o cu m e n ta ti o n as n e ce s s a ry.

5.3.6.5 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e fi n e an d d o cu m e n t te s t re q u i re m e n ts an d s ch e d u l e fo r te s ti n g s o ftwa re

u n i ts . Th e te s t re q u i re m e n ts sh ou l d i n cl u d e s tre s s i n g th e s o ftwa re unit at th e l i m i ts of i ts re q u i re m e n ts .

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5.3.6.6 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l u p d a te th e te s t re q u i re m e n ts an d th e s ch e d u l e fo r S o ftwa re I n te g ra ti o n .

5.3.6.7 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l e va l u a te th e s o ftwa re d e ta i l e d d esi g n an d te s t re q u i re m e n ts co n s i d e ri n g th e

cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w. Th e re s u l ts of th e e va l u a ti o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

a) T ra ce a b i l i ty to th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e s o ftwa re i te m ;

b) E xte rn a l co n s i s te n cy wi th a rch i te ctu ra l d esi g n ;

c) I n te rn a l co n s i s te n cy b e twe e n s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts an d s o ftwa re u n i ts ;

d) Ap p ro p ri a te n e s s of d esi g n m e th o d s an d s ta n d a rd s u sed ;

e) F e a s i b i l i ty of te s ti n g ;

f) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

5.3.6.8 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l co n d u ct j oi n t re vi e w( s ) in a cco rd a n ce wi th 6. 6.

5.3.7 Software coding and testing . For e a ch s o ftwa re i te m (or s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra t i o n i te m , if i d e n t i fi e d ) ,

th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.3.7.1 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p an d d o cu m e n t th e fo l l o wi n g :

a) E a ch s o ftwa re unit an d d a ta b a s e ;

b) Te s t p ro ce d u re s an d d a ta fo r te s ti n g e a ch s o ftwa re unit an d d a ta b a s e ;

5.3.7.2 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l te s t e a ch s o ftwa re unit an d d a ta b a s e e n s u ri n g th a t it s a ti s fi e s i ts

re q u i re m e n ts . Th e te s t re s u l ts sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.7.3 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l u p d a te th e u ser d o cu m e n ta ti o n as n e ce s s a ry.

5.3.7.4 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l u p d a te th e te s t re q u i re m e n ts an d th e s ch e d u l e fo r S o ftwa re I n te g ra ti o n .

5.3.7.5 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l e va l u a te s o ftwa re co d e an d te s t re s u l ts co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w.

Th e re s u l ts of th e e va l u a ti o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

a) T ra ce a b i l i ty to th e re q u i re m e n ts an d d esi g n of th e s o ftwa re i te m ;

b) E xte rn a l co n s i s te n cy wi th th e re q u i re m e n ts an d d esi g n of th e s o ftwa re i te m ;

c) I n te rn a l co n s i s te n cy b e twe e n unit re q u i re m e n ts ;

d) Te s t co ve ra g e of u n i ts ;

e) Ap p ro p ri a te n e s s of co d i n g m e th o d s an d s ta n d a rd s u sed ;

f) F e a s i b i l i ty of s o ftwa re i n te g ra ti o n an d te s ti n g ;

g) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

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5.3.8 Software integration . For e a ch s o ftwa re i te m (or s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra t i o n i te m , if i d e n ti fi e d ) , th i s

a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.3.8.1 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p an i n te g ra ti o n pl an to i n te g ra te th e s o ftwa re u n i ts an d s o ftwa re

co m p o n e n ts i n to th e s o ftwa re i te m . Th e pl an sh al l i n cl u d e te s t re q u i re m e n ts , p ro ce d u re s , d a ta ,

re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s , an d s ch e d u l e . Th e pl an sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.8.2 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l i n te g ra te th e s o ftwa re u n i ts an d s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts an d te s t as th e

a g g re g a te s a re d e ve l o p e d in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e i n te g ra ti o n pl an . It sh al l be e n s u re d th a t e a ch

a g g re g a te s a ti s fi e s th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e s o ftwa re i te m an d th a t th e s o ftwa re i te m is i n te g ra te d at th e

co n cl u s i o n of th e i n te g ra ti o n a cti vi ty. Th e i n te g ra ti o n an d te s t re s u l ts sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.8.3 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l u p d a te th e u ser d o cu m e n ta ti o n as n e ce s s a ry.

5.3.8.4 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p an d d o c u m e n t, fo r e a ch q u a l i fi c a t i o n re q u i re m e n t of th e s o ftwa re

i te m , a set of tests, te s t ca s e s ( i n p u ts , o u tp u ts , te s t cri te ri a ) , an d te s t p ro ce d u re s fo r c o n d u c ti n g S o ftw a re

Q u a l i fi ca ti o n T e s ti n g . Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l e n s u re th a t th e i n te g ra te d s o ftwa re i te m is re a d y fo r S o ftwa re

Q u a l i fi c a t i o n T e s ti n g .

5.3.8.5 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l e va l u a te th e i n te g ra ti o n pl an , d esi g n , co d e , tests, te s t re s u l ts , an d u ser

d o cu m e n ta ti o n co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w. Th e re s u l ts of th e e va l u a ti o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

a) T ra ce a b i l i ty to th e s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts ;

b) E xte rn a l co n s i s te n cy wi th th e s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts ;

c) I n te rn a l co n s i s te n cy;

d) Te s t co ve ra g e of th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e s o ftwa re i te m ;

e) Ap p ro p ri a te n e s s of te s t s ta n d a rd s an d m e th o d s u sed ;

f) C o n fo rm a n ce to e xp e cte d re s u l ts ;

g) F e a s i b i l i ty of s o ftwa re q u a l i fi ca ti o n te s ti n g ;

h) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

5.3.8.6 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l co n d u ct j oi n t re vi e w( s ) in a cco rd a n ce wi th 6. 6.

5.3.9 Software qualification testing . For e a ch s o ftwa re i te m (or s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra t i o n i te m , i f

i d e n ti fi e d ) , th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.3.9.1 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l co n d u ct q u a l i fi c a t i o n te s ti n g in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e q u a l i fi c a t i o n

re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e s o ftwa re i te m . It sh al l be e n s u re d th a t th e i m p l e m e n ta ti o n of e a ch s o ftwa re

re q u i re m e n t is te s te d fo r co m p l i a n ce . Th e q u a l i fi ca ti o n te s ti n g re s u l ts sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.9.2 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l u p d a te th e u ser d o cu m e n ta ti o n as n e ce s s a ry.

5.3.9.3 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l e va l u a te th e d esi g n , co d e , tests, te s t re s u l ts , an d u se r d o cu m e n ta ti o n

co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w. Th e re s u l ts of th e e va l u a ti o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

a) Te s t co ve ra g e of th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e s o ftwa re i te m ;

b) C o n fo rm a n ce to e xp e cte d re s u l ts ;

c) F e a s i b i l i ty of s ys te m i n te g ra ti o n an d te s ti n g , if co n d u cte d ;

d) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

5.3.9.4 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l s u p p o rt a u d i t( s ) in a c c o rd a n c e wi th 6. 7. Th e re s u l ts of th e a u d i ts sh al l b e

d o c u m e n te d . If b o th h a rd wa re an d s o ftwa re a re u n d er d e ve l o p m e n t or i n te g ra t i o n , th e a u d i ts may b e

p o s tp o n e d u n ti l th e S ys te m Q u a l i fi ca ti o n T e s ti n g .

5.3.9.5 U pon s u cce s s fu l co m p l e ti o n of th e a u d i ts , if co n d u cte d , th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l :

a) U p d a te an d p re p a re th e d e l i ve ra b l e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct fo r S ys te m I n te g ra ti o n , S ys te m Q u a l i fi c a t i o n

T e s ti n g , S o ftwa re I n s ta l l a ti o n , or S o ftwa re Acce p ta n ce S u p p o rt as a p p l i ca b l e .

b) E s ta b l i s h a basel i n e fo r th e d esi g n an d co d e of th e s o ftwa re i te m .

N O TE ÑTh e S o ftwa re Q u a l i fi ca ti o n Te s ti n g m ay be u sed in th e Ve ri fi ca ti o n P ro ce s s (6. 4) or th e Va l i d a ti o n P ro ce s s (6. 5).

5.3.1 0 System integration . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g tasks, wh i ch th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l

p e rfo rm or s u p p o rt as re q u i re d by th e co n tra ct.

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5.3.1 0.1 Th e s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m s sh al l be i n te g ra te d , wi th h a rd wa re co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m s , m an u al

o p e ra ti o n s , an d o th e r s ys te m s as n e ce s s a ry, i n to th e s ys te m . Th e a g g re g a te s sh al l be te s te d , as th e y a re

d e ve l o p e d , ag ai n st th e i r re q u i re m e n ts . Th e i n te g ra ti o n an d th e te s t re s u l ts sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.1 0.2 F or e a ch q u a l i fi c a t i o n re q u i re m e n t of th e sys te m , a set of te s ts , te s t ca s e s ( i n p u ts , o u tp u ts , te s t

cri te ri a ) , an d te s t p ro ce d u re s fo r co n d u cti n g S ys te m Q u a l i fi c a t i o n T e s ti n g sh al l be d e ve l o p e d an d

d o c u m e n te d . Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l e n s u re th a t th e i n te g ra te d system is re a d y fo r S ys te m Q u a l i fi c a t i o n

T e s ti n g .

5.3.1 0.3 Th e i n te g ra te d s ys te m sh al l be e va l u a te d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w. Th e re s u l ts of

th e e va l u a ti o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

a) Te s t co ve ra g e of s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts ;

b) Ap p ro p ri a te n e s s of te s t m e th o d s an d s ta n d a rd s u sed ;

c) C o n fo rm a n ce to e xp e cte d re s u l ts ;

d) F e a s i b i l i ty of s ys te m q u a l i fi ca ti o n te s ti n g ;

e) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

5.3.1 1 System qualification testing. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g tasks, wh i ch th e d e ve l o p e r

sh al l p e rfo rm or s u p p o rt as re q u i re d by th e co n tra ct.

5.3.1 1 .1 S ys te m q u a l i fi c a t i o n te s ti n g sh al l be co n d u cte d in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e q u a l i fi c a t i o n

re q u i re m e n ts s p e ci fi e d fo r th e s ys te m . It sh al l be e n s u re d th a t th e i m p l e m e n ta ti o n of e a ch system

re q u i re m e n t is te s te d fo r co m p l i a n ce an d th a t th e s ys te m is re a d y fo r d e l i ve ry. Th e q u a l i fi c a t i o n te s ti n g

re s u l ts sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.1 1 .2 Th e s ys te m sh al l be e va l u a te d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w. Th e re s u l ts of th e

e va l u a ti o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

a) Te s t co ve ra g e of s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts ;

b) C o n fo rm a n ce to e xp e cte d re s u l ts ;

c) F e a s i b i l i ty of o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce .

5.3.1 1 .3 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l s u p p o rt a u d i t( s ) in a cco rd a n ce wi th 6. 7. Th e re s u l ts of th e a u d i t( s ) sh al l b e

d o cu m e n te d .

N O TE ÑTh i s s u b cl a u s e is n ot a p p l i ca b l e to th o s e s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m s fo r wh i ch a u d i ts were c o n d u cte d

p re v i o u s l y .

5.3.1 1 .4 U pon s u cce s s fu l co m p l e ti o n of th e a u d i t( s ) , if co n d u cte d , th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l :

a) U p d a te an d p re p a re th e d e l i v e ra b l e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct fo r S o ftwa re I n s ta l l a ti o n an d S o ftwa re

Ac c e p t a n c e S u p p o rt .

b) E s ta b l i s h a basel i n e fo r th e d esi g n an d co d e of e a ch s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m .

N O T E ÑTh e S ys te m Q u a l i fi ca ti o n Te s ti n g m ay be u sed in th e Ve ri fi ca ti o n P ro ce s s (6 . 4 ) or th e Va l i d a ti o n P ro ce s s (6. 5).

5.3.1 2 Software installation . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.3.1 2.1 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l d e ve l o p a pl an to i n s ta l l th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct in th e ta rg e t e n vi ro n m e n t as

d e s i g n a te d in th e co n tra ct. Th e re s o u rce s an d i n fo rm a ti o n n e ce s s a ry to i n s ta l l th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct sh al l

be d e te rm i n e d an d be a va i l a b l e . As s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct, th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l assi st th e a cq u i re r wi th

th e s e t- u p a cti vi ti e s . Wh e re th e i n s ta l l e d s o ftwa re p ro d u ct is re p l a ci n g an e xi s ti n g s ys te m , th e d e ve l o p e r

sh al l s u p p o rt an y p a ra l l e l ru n n i n g a cti vi ti e s th a t a re re q u i re d by co n tra ct. Th e i n s ta l l a ti o n pl an sh al l b e

d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.1 2.2 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l i n s ta l l th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e i n s ta l l a ti o n pl an . I t

sh al l be e n s u re d th a t th e s o ftwa re co d e an d d a ta b a s e s i n i ti a l i z e , e x e c u te , an d te rm i n a te as s p e ci fi e d i n

th e co n tra ct. Th e i n s ta l l a ti o n e ve n ts an d re s u l ts sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.1 3 Software acceptance support. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

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5.3.1 3.1 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l s u p p o rt th e a cq u i re r' s a cce p ta n ce re vi e w an d te s ti n g of th e s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct. Acce p ta n ce re vi e w an d te s ti n g sh al l co n s i d e r th e re s u l ts of th e J oi n t Re vi e ws (6. 6), Au d i ts (6. 7),

S o ftwa re Q u a l i fi c a t i o n Te s ti n g , an d S ys te m Q u a l i fi c a t i o n Te s ti n g (i f p e rfo rm e d ) . Th e re s u l ts of th e

a cce p ta n ce re v i e w an d te s ti n g sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.3.1 3.2 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l co m p l e te an d d e l i ve r th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

5.3.1 3.3 Th e d e ve l o p e r sh al l p ro vi d e i n i ti a l an d co n t i n u i n g tra i n i n g an d s u p p o rt to th e a cq u i re r as

s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

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5.4 Operation process
Th e O p e ra ti o n P ro ce s s co n ta i n s th e a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks of th e o p e ra to r. Th e p ro ce s s co ve rs th e o p e ra t i o n

of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct an d o p e ra ti o n a l s u p p o rt to u sers. B e ca u s e o p e ra ti o n of s o ftwa re p ro d u ct is

i n te g ra te d i n to th e o p e ra ti o n of th e s ys te m , th e a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks of th i s p ro ce s s re fe r to th e s ys te m .

Th e o p e ra to r m an ag es th e O p e ra ti o n P ro ce s s at th e p ro j e ct l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e M an ag em en t P ro ce s s

(7 . 1 ), wh i ch is i n s ta n ti a te d in th i s p ro ce s s ; e s ta b l i s h e s an i n fra s tru ctu re u n d er th e p ro ce s s fo l l o wi n g th e

I n fra s tru ctu re P ro ce s s (7. 2 ); ta i l o rs th e p ro ce s s fo r th e p ro j e ct fo l l o wi n g th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s (an n ex A) ;

an d m an ag es th e p ro ce s s at th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e I m p ro ve m e n t P ro ce s s (7. 3) an d th e

Tra i n i n g P ro ce s s (7. 4 ). Wh e n th e o p e ra to r is th e su ppl i er of th e o p e ra ti o n s e rvi ce , th e o p e ra to r p e rfo rm s

th e Su ppl y P ro ce s s (5. 2 ).

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) O p e ra ti o n a l te s ti n g ;

3) S ys te m o p e ra ti o n ;

4) U s e r s u p p o rt.

5.4.1 Process implementation . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.4.1 .1 Th e o p e ra to r sh al l d e ve l o p a pl an an d set o p e ra ti o n a l s ta n d a rd s fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e a cti vi ti e s an d

ta s ks of th i s p ro ce s s . Th e pl an sh al l be d o cu m e n te d an d e xe cu te d .

5.4.1 .2 Th e o p e ra to r sh al l e s ta b l i s h p ro ce d u re s fo r re ce i vi n g , re co rd i n g , re s o l vi n g , tra cki n g p ro b l e m s , an d

p ro vi d i n g fe e d b a ck. Wh e n e ve r p ro b l e m s a re e n co u n te re d , th e y sh al l be re co rd e d an d e n te re d i n to th e

P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n P ro ce s s (6. 8).

5.4.1 .3 Th e o p e ra to r sh al l e s ta b l i s h p ro ce d u re s fo r te s ti n g th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct in i ts o p e ra t i o n

e n v i ro n m e n t, fo r e n te ri n g p ro b l e m re p o rts an d m o d i fi c a t i o n re q u e s ts to th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s (5. 5),

an d fo r re l e a s i n g th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct fo r o p e ra ti o n a l u se.

5.4.2 Operational testing. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.4.2.1 For e a ch re l e a s e of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct, th e o p e ra to r sh al l p e rfo rm o p e ra ti o n a l te s ti n g , an d , o n

s a ti s fyi n g th e s p e ci fi e d cri te ri a , re l e a s e th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct fo r o p e ra ti o n a l u se.

5.4.2.2 Th e o p e ra to r sh al l e n s u re th a t th e s o ftwa re co d e an d d a ta b a s e s i n i ti a l i z e , e xe cu te , an d t e rm i n a t e

as d e s cri b e d in th e pl an .

5.4.3 System operation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

5.4.3.1 Th e s ys te m sh al l be o p e ra te d in i ts i n te n d e d e n vi ro n m e n t a cco rd i n g to th e u ser d o cu m e n ta ti o n .

5.4.4 User support. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.4.4.1 Th e o p e ra to r sh al l p ro vi d e a s s i s ta n ce an d co n s u l ta ti o n to th e u s e rs as re q u e s te d . Th e s e re q u e s ts

an d su bseq u en t a cti o n s sh al l be re co rd e d an d m o n i to re d .

5.4.4.2 Th e o p e ra to r sh al l fo rwa rd u ser re q u e s ts , as n e ce s s a ry, to th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s ( cl a u s e 5. 5)

fo r re s o l u ti o n . Th e s e re q u e s ts sh al l be a d d re s s e d an d th e a cti o n s th a t a re pl an n ed an d ta ke n sh al l b e

re p o rte d to th e o ri g i n a to rs of th e re q u e s ts . Al l re s o l u ti o n s sh al l be m o n i to re d to co n cl u s i o n .

5.4.4.3 If a re p o rte d p ro b l e m h as a te m p o ra ry wo rk- a ro u n d b e fo re a p e rm a n e n t s o l u ti o n ca n be re l e a s e d ,

th e o ri g i n a to r of th e p ro b l e m re p o rt sh al l be g i ve n th e o p ti o n to u se i t. P e rm a n e n t co rre cti o n s , re l e a s e s

th a t i n cl u d e p re vi o u s l y o m i tte d fu n cti o n s or fe a tu re s , an d syste m i m p ro ve m e n ts sh al l be appl i ed to th e

o p e ra ti o n a l s o ftwa re p ro d u ct u si n g th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s (5. 5).

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5.5 Maintenance process

Th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s co n ta i n s th e a cti vi ti e s an d tasks of th e m a i n ta i n e r. Th i s p ro ce s s is a cti va te d

wh e n th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct u n d e rg o e s m o d i fi c a ti o n s to co d e an d a s s o ci a te d d o cu m e n ta ti o n due to a

p ro b l e m or th e n eed fo r i m p ro ve m e n t or a d a p ta ti o n . Th e o b j e cti ve is to m o d i fy e xi s ti n g s o ftwa re p ro d u c t

wh i l e p re s e rvi n g i ts i n te g ri ty. Th i s p ro ce s s i n cl u d e s th e m i g ra ti o n an d re ti re m e n t of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u c t .

Th e p ro ce s s en d s wi th th e re ti re m e n t of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct.

Th e a cti vi ti e s p ro vi d e d in th i s cl a u s e a re s p e ci fi c to th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s ; h o we ve r, th e p ro ce s s may

u ti l i z e o th e r p ro ce s s e s in th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd . If th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) is u ti l i z e d , th e

te rm d e ve l o p e r th e re is i n te rp re te d as m a i n ta i n e r.

Th e m a i n ta i n e r m an ag es th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s at th e p ro j e ct l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e M an ag emen t

P ro ce s s (7. 1 ), wh i ch is i n s ta n ti a te d in th i s p ro ce s s ; e s ta b l i s h e s an i n fra s tru ctu re u n d er th e p ro ce s s

fo l l o wi n g th e I n fra s tru ctu re P ro ce s s (7. 2 ); ta i l o rs th e p ro ce s s fo r th e p ro j e ct fo l l o wi n g th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s

(an n ex A) ; an d m an ag es th e p ro ce s s at th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e I m p ro ve m e n t P ro ce s s (7. 3)

an d th e T ra i n i n g P ro ce s s (7 . 4 ). Wh e n th e m a i n ta i n e r is th e su ppl i er of th e m a i n te n a n ce s e rvi ce , th e

m a i n ta i n e r p e rfo rm s th e S u ppl y P ro ce s s (5. 2 ).

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) P ro b l e m an d m o d i fi ca ti o n a n a l ys i s ;

3) M o d i fi c a t i o n i m p l e m e n ta ti o n ;

4) M a i n te n a n ce re v i e w / a c c e p t a n c e ;

5) M i g ra t i o n ;

6) S o ftwa re re ti re m e n t.

5.5.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.5.1 .1 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l d e ve l o p , d o cu m e n t, an d e xe cu te pl an s an d p ro ce d u re s fo r co n d u cti n g th e

a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks of th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s .

5.5.1 .2 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l e s ta b l i s h p ro ce d u re s fo r re ce i vi n g , re co rd i n g , an d tra cki n g p ro b l e m re p o rts

an d m o d i fi c a t i o n re q u e s ts fro m th e u sers an d p ro vi d i n g fe e d b a ck to th e u sers. Wh e n e ve r p ro b l e m s a re

e n co u n te re d , th e y sh al l be re co rd e d an d e n te re d i n to th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n P ro ce s s (6. 8).

5.5.1 .3 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l i m pl em en t (or e s ta b l i s h o rg a n i z a ti o n a l i n te rfa c e wi th ) th e C o n fi g u ra t i o n

M an ag em en t P ro ce s s (6. 2 ) fo r m an ag i n g m o d i fi ca ti o n s to th e e xi s ti n g s ys te m .

5.5.2 Problem and modification analysis. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.5.2.1 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l a n a l yz e th e p ro b l e m re p o rt or m o d i fi c a t i o n re q u e s t fo r i ts i m p a ct on th e

o rg a n i z a ti o n , th e e xi s ti n g s ys te m , an d th e i n te rfa ci n g s ys te m s fo r th e fo l l o wi n g :

a) T yp e ; fo r e xa m p l e , co rre cti ve , i m p ro ve m e n t, p re ve n ti ve , or a d a p ti ve to n ew e n vi ro n m e n t;

b) S co p e ; fo r e xa m p l e , s i ze of m o d i fi ca ti o n , co s t i n vo l ve d , ti m e to m o d i fy;

c) C ri ti ca l i ty; fo r e xa m p l e , i m p a ct on p e rfo rm a n ce , s a fe ty, or s e cu ri ty.

5.5.2.2 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l re p l i ca te or ve ri fy th e p ro b l e m .

5.5.2.3 Based u pon th e a n a l ys i s , th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l co n s i d e r o p ti o n s fo r i m p l e m e n ti n g th e

m o d i fi c a t i o n .

5.5.2.4 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l d o cu m e n t th e p ro b l e m / m o d i fi c a t i o n re q u e s t, th e a n a l ys i s re s u l ts , an d

i m p l e m e n ta ti o n o p ti o n s .

5.5.2.5 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l o b ta i n a p p ro va l fo r th e s e l e cte d m o d i fi c a t i o n o p ti o n as s p e ci fi e d in th e

c o n t ra c t .

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5.5.3 Modification implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.5.3.1 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l co n d u ct a n a l ys i s an d d e te rm i n e wh i ch d o cu m e n ta ti o n , s o ftwa re u n i ts , an d

ve rs i o n s th e re o f n eed to be m o d i fi e d . Th e s e sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.5.3.2 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l e n te r th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) to i m pl em en t th e m o d i fi c a t i o n s . Th e

re q u i re m e n ts of th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s sh al l be s u p p l e m e n te d as fo l l o ws :

a) Te s t an d e v a l u a ti o n cri te ri a fo r te s ti n g an d e v a l u a ti n g th e m o d i fi e d an d th e u n m o d i fi e d p a rts

( s o ftwa re u n i ts , co m p o n e n ts , an d c o n fi g u ra t i o n i te m s ) of th e syste m sh al l be d e fi n e d an d

d o cu m e n te d .

b) Th e co m p l e te an d co rre ct i m p l e m e n ta ti o n of th e n ew an d m o d i fi e d re q u i re m e n ts sh al l b e

e n s u re d . It al so sh al l be e n s u re d th a t th e o ri g i n a l , u n m o d i fi e d re q u i re m e n ts we re n ot a ffe cte d .

Th e te s t re s u l ts sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

5.5.4 Maintenance review/acceptance. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.5.4.1 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l co n d u c t re vi e w( s ) wi th th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a u th o ri z i n g th e m o d i fi c a t i o n to

d e te rm i n e th e i n te g ri ty of th e m o d i fi e d s ys te m .

5.5.4.2 Th e m a i n ta i n e r sh al l o b ta i n a p p ro va l fo r th e s a ti s fa cto ry co m p l e ti o n of th e m o d i fi c a t i o n as

s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

5.5.5 Migration. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

5.5.5.1 If a s ys te m or s o ftwa re p ro d u ct ( i n cl u d i n g d a ta ) is m i g ra te d fro m an ol d to a n ew o p e ra t i o n a l

e n vi ro n m e n t, it sh al l be e n s u re d th a t an y s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or d a ta p ro d u ce d or m o d i fi e d d u ri n g m i g ra t i o n

a re in a cco rd a n ce wi th th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd .

5.5.5.2 A m i g ra ti o n pl an sh al l be d e ve l o p e d , d o cu m e n te d , an d e xe cu te d . Th e pl an n i n g a cti vi ti e s sh al l

i n cl u d e u s e rs . I te m s i n cl u d e d in th e pl an sh al l i n cl u d e th e fo l l o wi n g :

a) Re q u i re m e n ts a n a l ys i s an d d e fi n i ti o n of m i g ra ti o n ;

b) D e ve l o p m e n t of m i g ra ti o n to o l s ;

c) C o n ve rs i o n of s o ftwa re p ro d u ct an d d a ta ;

d) M i g ra t i o n e xe cu ti o n ;

e) M i g ra t i o n v e ri fi c a t i o n ;

f) S u p p o rt fo r th e ol d e n vi ro n m e n t in th e fu tu re .

5.5.5.3 U s e rs sh al l be g i ve n n o ti fi ca ti o n of th e m i g ra ti o n pl an s an d a cti vi ti e s . N o ti fi ca ti o n s sh al l i n cl u d e

th e fo l l o wi n g :

a) S ta te m e n t of wh y th e ol d e n vi ro n m e n t is no l on g er to be s u p p o rte d ;

b) D e s cri p ti o n of th e n ew e n vi ro n m e n t wi th i ts d a te of a va i l a b i l i ty;

c) D e s cri p ti o n of o th e r s u p p o rt o p ti o n s a va i l a b l e , if a n y, o n ce s u p p o rt fo r th e ol d e n v i ro n m e n t h as

been re m o v e d .

5.5.5.4 P a ra l l e l o p e ra ti o n s of th e ol d an d n ew e n vi ro n m e n ts m ay be co n d u cte d fo r s m o o th tra n s i ti o n to

th e n ew e n vi ro n m e n t. D u ri n g th i s p e ri o d , n e ce s s a ry tra i n i n g sh al l be p ro v i d e d as s p e ci fi e d in th e

c o n t ra c t .

5.5.5.5 Wh e n th e s ch e d u l e d m i g ra ti o n a rri ve s , n o ti fi ca ti o n sh al l be sen t to al l co n ce rn e d . Al l a s s o c i a te d

ol d e n vi ro n m e n t' s d o cu m e n ta ti o n , l og s, an d co d e sh ou l d be p l a ce d in a rch i ve s .

5.5.5.6 A p o s t- o p e ra ti o n re vi e w sh al l be p e rfo rm e d to assess th e i m p a ct of ch a n g i n g to th e n ew

e n vi ro n m e n t. Th e re s u l ts of th e re vi e w sh al l be sen t to th e a p p ro p ri a te a u th o ri ti e s fo r i n fo rm a t i o n ,

g u i d a n ce , an d a c ti o n .

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5.5.5.7 D a ta u sed by or a s s o ci a te d wi th th e ol d e n vi ro n m e n t sh al l be a cce s s i b l e in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e

co n tra ct re q u i re m e n ts fo r d a ta p ro te cti o n an d au d i t a p p l i ca b l e to th e d a ta .

5.5.6 Software retirement. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

N O TE ÑTh e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct wi l l be re ti re d on th e re q u e s t o f th e o wn e r.

5.5.6.1 A re ti re m e n t pl an to re m o ve a cti ve s u p p o rt by th e o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce o rg a n i z a ti o n s sh al l

be d e ve l o p e d an d d o cu m e n te d . Th e pl an n i n g a cti vi ti e s sh al l i n cl u d e u sers. Th e pl an sh al l a d d re s s th e

i te m s l i s te d b e l o w. Th e pl an sh al l be e xe cu te d .

a) C e s s a ti o n of fu l l or p a rti a l s u p p o rt a fte r a ce rta i n p e ri o d of ti m e ;

b) Arch i vi n g of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct an d i ts a s s o ci a te d d o cu m e n ta ti o n ;

c) Re s p o n s i b i l i ty fo r an y fu tu re re s i d u a l s u p p o rt i ssu es;

d) T ra n s i ti o n to n ew s o ftwa re p ro d u ct, if a p p l i ca b l e ;

e) Acce s s i b i l i ty of a rch i ve co p i e s of d a ta .

5.5.6.2 U s e rs sh al l be g i ve n n o ti fi ca ti o n of th e re ti re m e n t pl an s an d a cti vi ti e s . N o ti fi ca ti o n s sh al l i n cl u d e

th e fo l l o wi n g :

a) D e s cri p ti o n of th e re p l a ce m e n t or u p g ra d e wi th i ts d a te of a va i l a b i l i ty;

b) S ta te m e n t of wh y th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct is no l on g er to be s u p p o rte d ;

c) D e s cri p ti o n of o th e r s u p p o rt o p ti o n s a va i l a b l e , o n ce s u p p o rt h as been re m o ve d .

5.5.6.3 P a ra l l e l o p e ra ti o n s of th e re ti ri n g an d th e n ew s o ftwa re p ro d u ct sh ou l d be co n d u cte d fo r s m o o th

tra n s i ti o n to th e n ew s ys te m . D u ri n g th i s p e ri o d , u se r tra i n i n g sh al l be p ro vi d e d as s p e ci fi e d in th e

c o n t ra c t .

5.5.6.4 Wh e n th e s ch e d u l e d re ti re m e n t a rri ve s , n o ti fi ca ti o n sh al l be sen t to al l co n ce rn e d . Al l a s s o ci a te d

d e ve l o p m e n t d o cu m e n ta ti o n , l og s, an d co d e sh ou l d be p l a ce d in a rch i ve s , wh e n a p p ro p ri a te .

5.5.6.5 D a ta u sed or a s s o ci a te d by th e re ti re d s o ftwa re p ro d u ct sh al l be a cce s s i b l e in a c c o rd a n c e wi th

th e co n tra ct re q u i re m e n ts fo r d a ta p ro te cti o n an d au d i t a p p l i ca b l e to th e d a ta .

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6 Supporting life cycle processes
Th i s cl a u s e d e fi n e s th e fo l l o wi n g s u p p o rti n g l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s :

1 ) D o cu m e n ta ti o n p ro ce s s ;

2) C o n fi g u ra ti o n m an ag em en t p ro ce s s ;

3) Q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce p ro ce s s ;

4) Ve ri fi ca ti o n p ro ce s s ;

5) Va l i d a ti o n p ro ce s s ;

6) J oi n t re vi e w p ro ce s s ;

7) Au d i t p ro ce s s ;

8) P ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n p ro ce s s .

Th e a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks in a s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s a re th e re s p o n s i b i l i ty of th e o rg a n i z a ti o n p e rfo rm i n g th a t

p ro ce s s . Th i s o rg a n i z a ti o n e n s u re s th a t th e p ro ce s s is in e xi s te n ce an d fu n cti o n a l .

Th e o rg a n i z a ti o n e m p l o yi n g an d p e rfo rm i n g a s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s m an ag es it at th e p ro j e ct l e ve l

fo l l o wi n g th e M an ag em en t P ro ce s s (7 . 1 ); e s ta b l i s h e s an i n fra s tru ctu re u n d er it fo l l o wi n g th e I n fra s tru ctu re

P ro ce s s (7. 2 ); ta i l o rs it fo r th e p ro j e ct fo l l o wi n g th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s (an n ex A) ; an d m an ag es it at th e

o rg a n i z a ti o n a l l e ve l fo l l o wi n g th e I m p ro ve m e n t P ro ce s s (7. 3) an d th e T ra i n i n g P ro ce s s (7. 4 ). J oin t

Re vi e ws , Au d i ts , Ve ri fi ca ti o n , an d Va l i d a ti o n m ay be u sed as te ch n i q u e s of Q u a l i ty As s u ra n ce .

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6.1 Documentation process

Th e D o cu m e n ta ti o n P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r re co rd i n g i n fo rm a ti o n p ro d u c e d by a l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s or

a cti vi ty. Th e p ro ce s s co n ta i n s th e set of a cti vi ti e s , wh i ch pl an , d esi g n , d e ve l o p , p ro d u ce , e d i t, d i s t ri b u t e ,

an d m a i n ta i n th o s e d o cu m e n ts n eed ed by al l co n ce rn e d s u ch as m a n a g e rs , e n g i n e e rs , an d u sers of th e

s ys te m or s o ftwa re p ro d u ct.

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) Desi g n an d d e v e l o p m e n t;

3) P ro d u c t i o n ;

4) M a i n te n a n ce .

6.1 .1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.1 .1 .1 A pl an , i d e n ti fyi n g th e d o cu m e n ts to be p ro d u ce d d u ri n g th e l i fe cy cl e of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u c t ,

sh al l be d e ve l o p e d , d o cu m e n te d , an d i m p l e m e n te d . For e a ch i d e n t i fi e d d o c u m e n t, th e fo l l o wi n g sh al l

be a d d re s s e d :

a) T i tl e or N am e;

b) P u rp o s e ;

c) I n te n d e d a u d i e n ce ;

d) P ro ce d u re s an d re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s fo r i n p u ts , d e v e l o p m e n t, re vi e w, m o d i fi c a t i o n , a p p ro v a l ,

p ro d u cti o n , s to ra g e , d i s tri b u ti o n , m a i n te n a n ce , an d co n fi g u ra ti o n m a n a g e m e n t;

e) S ch e d u l e fo r i n te rm e d i a te an d fi n a l ve rs i o n s .

6.1 .2 Design and development. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.1 .2.1 E a ch i d e n ti fi e d d o cu m e n t sh al l be d esi g n ed in a c c o rd a n c e wi th a p p l i ca b l e d o cu m e n ta ti o n

s ta n d a rd s fo r fo rm a t, co n te n t d e s cri p ti o n , pag e n u m b e ri n g , fi g u re /ta b l e p l a ce m e n t, p ro p ri e ta ry/s e c u ri ty

m a rki n g , p a cka g i n g , an d o th e r p re s e n ta ti o n i te m s .

6.1 .2.2 Th e s o u rce an d a p p ro p ri a te n e s s of i n pu t d a ta fo r th e d o cu m e n ts sh al l be co n fi rm e d . Au t o m a te d

d o cu m e n ta ti o n to o l s may be u sed .

6.1 .2.3 Th e p re p a re d d o cu m e n ts sh al l be re vi e we d an d e d i te d fo r fo rm a t, te c h n i c a l co n te n t, an d

p re s e n ta ti o n s tyl e ag ai n st th e i r d o cu m e n ta ti o n s ta n d a rd s . Th e y sh al l be a p p ro ve d fo r a d e q u a cy by

a u th o ri z e d p e rs o n n e l p ri o r to i ssu e.

6.1 .3 Production. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.1 .3.1 Th e d o cu m e n ts sh al l be p ro d u ce d an d p ro vi d e d in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e pl an . P ro d u c ti o n an d

d i s tri b u ti o n of d o cu m e n ts m ay u se p a p e r, e l e ctro n i c, or o th e r m ed i a. M a s te r m a te ri a l s sh al l be s to re d i n

a cco rd a n ce wi th re q u i re m e n ts fo r re co rd re te n ti o n , s e cu ri ty, m a i n te n a n ce , an d b a cku p .

6.1 .3.2 C o n tro l s sh al l be e s ta b l i s h e d in a cco rd a n ce wi th th e C o n fi g u ra ti o n M an ag em en t P ro ce s s (6. 2).

6.1 .4 Maintenance. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.1 .4.1 Th e tasks, th a t a re re q u i re d to be p e rfo rm e d wh e n d o cu m e n ta ti o n is to be m o d i fi e d , sh al l b e

p e rfo rm e d (see 5. 5). For th o s e d o cu m e n ts th a t a re u n d er co n fi g u ra t i o n m a n a g e m e n t, m o d i fi c a t i o n s sh al l

be m an ag ed in a cco rd a n ce wi th th e C o n fi g u ra ti o n M an ag em en t P ro ce s s (6. 2).

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6.2 Configuration management process
Th e C o n fi g u ra ti o n M an ag em en t P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s of a p p l yi n g a d m i n i s tra ti ve an d te ch n i ca l p ro ce d u re s

th ro u g h o u t th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e to : i d e n ti fy, d e fi n e , an d basel i n e s o ftwa re i te m s in a s ys te m ; c o n t ro l

m o d i fi c a t i o n s an d re l e a s e s of th e i te m s ; re co rd an d re p o rt th e sta tu s of th e i te m s an d m o d i fi c a t i o n

re q u e s ts ; e n s u re th e co m p l e te n e s s , co n s i s te n cy, an d co rre ctn e s s of th e i te m s ; an d co n tro l s to ra g e ,

h an d l i n g , an d d e l i ve ry of th e i te m s .

N O T E ÑWh e n th i s p ro ce s s is e m p l o ye d on o th e r s o ftwa re p ro d u cts or e n ti ti e s , th e te rm " s o ftwa re i te m " bel ow i s

i n te rp re te d a cco rd i n g l y.

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) C o n fi g u ra t i o n i d e n t i fi c a t i o n ;

3) C o n fi g u ra t i o n c o n tro l ;

4) C o n fi g u ra ti o n s ta tu s a cco u n ti n g ;

5) C o n fi g u ra t i o n e va l u a ti o n ;

6) Re l e a s e m an ag em en t an d d e l i v e ry.

6.2.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.2.1 .1 A c o n fi g u ra t i o n m an ag em en t pl an sh al l be d e ve l o p e d . Th e pl an sh al l d e s cri b e : th e

co n fi g u ra t i o n m an ag em en t a cti v i ti e s ; p ro ce d u re s an d s ch e d u l e fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e s e a cti v i ti e s ; th e

o rg a n i z a ti o n ( s ) re s p o n s i b l e fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e s e a cti vi ti e s ; an d th e i r re l a ti o n s h i p wi th o th e r o rg a n i z a t i o n s ,

s u ch as s o ftwa re d e ve l o p m e n t or m a i n te n a n ce . Th e pl an sh al l be d o cu m e n te d an d i m p l e m e n te d .

N O T E ÑTh e pl an m ay be a p a rt of th e s ys te m co n fi g u ra ti o n m an ag em en t pl an .

6.2.2 Configuration identification. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.2.2.1 A s ch e m e sh al l be e s ta b l i s h e d fo r th e i d e n t i fi c a t i o n of s o ftwa re i te m s an d th e i r ve rs i o n s to b e

co n t ro l l e d fo r th e p ro j e ct. For e a ch s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra t i o n i te m an d i ts ve rs i o n s , th e fo l l o wi n g sh al l b e

i d e n t i fi e d : th e d o cu m e n ta ti o n th a t e s ta b l i s h e s th e basel i n e; th e ve rs i o n re fe re n ce s ; an d o th e r

i d e n t i fi c a t i o n d e ta i l s .

6.2.3 Configuration control. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.2.3.1 Th e fo l l o wi n g sh al l be p e rfo rm e d : i d e n t i fi c a t i o n an d re co rd i n g of ch a n g e re q u e s ts ; a n a l ys i s an d

e va l u a ti o n of th e ch a n g e s ; a p p ro va l or d i s a p p ro va l of th e re q u e s t; an d i m p l e m e n ta ti o n , v e ri fi c a t i o n , an d

re l e a s e of th e m o d i fi e d s o ftwa re i te m . An au d i t tra i l sh al l e xi s t, wh e re b y e a ch m o d i fi ca ti o n , th e re a s o n fo r

th e m o d i fi ca ti o n , an d a u th o ri z a ti o n of th e m o d i fi ca ti o n ca n be tra ce d . C o n tro l an d au d i t of al l a cce s s e s

to th e co n tro l l e d s o ftwa re i te m s th a t h an d l e s a fe ty or s e cu ri ty cri ti ca l fu n cti o n s sh al l be p e rfo rm e d .

6.2.4 Configuration status accounting. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.2.4.1 M an ag em en t re co rd s an d s ta tu s re p o rts th a t sh ow th e sta tu s an d h i s to ry of co n t ro l l e d s o ftwa re

i te m s i n cl u d i n g basel i n e sh al l be p re p a re d . S ta tu s re p o rts sh ou l d i n cl u d e th e n u m ber of ch a n g e s fo r a

p ro j e ct, l a te s t s o ftwa re i te m ve rs i o n s , re l e a s e i d e n ti fi e rs , th e n u m ber of re l e a s e s , an d co m p a ri s o n s of

re l e a s e s .

6.2.5 Configuration evaluation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.2.5.1 Th e fo l l o wi n g sh al l be d e te rm i n e d an d e n s u re d : th e fu n c t i o n a l co m p l e te n e s s of th e s o ftwa re

i te m s ag ai n st th e i r re q u i re m e n ts an d th e p h ys i ca l co m p l e te n e s s of th e s o ftwa re i te m s ( wh e th e r th e i r

d esi g n an d co d e re fl e ct an u p - to - d a te te ch n i ca l d e s cri p ti o n ) .

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6.2.6 Release management and delivery. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.2.6.1 Th e re l e a s e an d d e l i ve ry of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d d o cu m e n ta ti o n sh al l be fo rm a l l y c o n t ro l l e d .

M a s te r co p i e s of co d e an d d o cu m e n ta ti o n sh al l be m a i n ta i n e d fo r th e l i fe of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct. Th e

co d e an d d o cu m e n ta ti o n th a t co n ta i n s a fe ty or s e cu ri ty cri ti c a l fu n c ti o n s sh al l be h an d l ed , s to re d ,

p a cka g e d , an d d e l i v e re d in a cco rd a n ce wi th th e p o l i ci e s of th e o rg a n i z a ti o n s i n vo l ve d .

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6.3 Quality assurance process
Th e Q u a l i ty As s u ra n ce P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r p ro v i d i n g a d e q u a te a s s u ra n ce th a t th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct s

an d p ro ce s s e s in th e p ro j e ct l i fe cycl e co n fo rm to th e i r s p e ci fi e d re q u i re m e n ts an d a d h e re to th e i r

e s ta b l i s h e d pl an s. To be u n bi ased , q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce n eed s to h a ve o rg a n i z a ti o n a l fre e d o m an d

a u th o ri ty fro m p e rs o n s d i re ctl y re s p o n s i b l e fo r d e ve l o p i n g th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or e xe cu ti n g th e p ro ce s s i n

th e p ro j e ct. Q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce m ay be i n te rn a l or e xte rn a l d epen d i n g on wh e th e r e v i d e n ce of p ro d u ct or

p ro ce s s q u a l i ty is d e m o n s tra te d to th e m an ag em en t of th e su ppl i er or th e a cq u i re r. Q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce

m ay m a ke u se of th e re s u l ts of o th e r s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s e s , s u ch as Ve ri fi ca ti o n , Va l i d a ti o n , J oi n t Re vi e ws ,

Au d i ts , an d P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) P ro d u ct a s s u ra n ce ;

3) P ro ce s s a s s u ra n ce ;

4) As s u ra n ce of q u a l i ty s ys te m s .

6.3.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.3.1 .1 A q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce p ro ce s s ta i l o re d to th e p ro j e ct sh al l be e s ta b l i s h e d . Th e o b j e cti ve s of th e

q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce p ro ce s s sh al l be to assu re th a t th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d th e p ro ce s s e s e m p l o ye d fo r

p ro v i d i n g th o s e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts co m p l y wi th th e i r e s ta b l i s h e d re q u i re m e n ts an d a d h e re to th e i r

e s ta b l i s h e d pl an s.

6.3.1 .2 Th e q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce p ro ce s s sh ou l d be co o rd i n a te d wi th th e re l a te d Ve ri fi c a t i o n (6. 4),

Va l i d a ti o n (6 . 5), J oi n t Re vi e w (6. 6), an d Au d i t (6. 7) P ro ce s s e s .

6.3.1 .3 A pl an fo r co n d u cti n g th e q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce p ro ce s s a cti v i ti e s an d tasks sh al l be d e ve l o p e d ,

d o cu m e n te d , i m p l e m e n te d , an d m a i n ta i n e d fo r th e l i fe of th e co n tra ct. Th e pl an sh al l i n cl u d e th e

fo l l o w i n g :

a) Q u a l i ty s ta n d a rd s , m e th o d o l o g i e s , p ro ce d u re s , an d to o l s fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce

a cti v i ti e s (or th e i r re fe re n ce s in o rg a n i z a ti o n ' s o ffi ci a l d o cu m e n ta ti o n ) ;

b) P ro ce d u re s fo r co n tra ct re vi e w an d co o rd i n a ti o n th e re o f;

c) P ro ce d u re s fo r i d e n ti fi ca ti o n , co l l e cti o n , fi l i n g , m a i n te n a n ce , an d d i s p o s i ti o n of q u a l i ty re co rd s ;

d) Re s o u rce s , s ch e d u l e , an d re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s fo r co n d u cti n g th e q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce a cti vi ti e s ;

e) S e l e cte d a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks fro m s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s e s , s u ch as Ve ri fi ca ti o n (6. 4), Va l i d a ti o n (6. 5),

J oi n t Re vi e w (6 . 6), Au d i t (6. 7 ), an d P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n (6. 8).

6.3.1 .4 S ch e d u l e d an d on -g oi n g q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce a cti v i ti e s an d tasks sh al l be e xe cu te d . Wh e n

p ro b l e m s or n o n co n fo rm a n c e s wi th co n tra ct re q u i re m e n ts a re d e te cte d , th e y sh al l be d o c u m e n te d an d

s e rve as i n pu t to th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n P ro ce s s (6 . 8). Re co rd s of th e s e a cti v i ti e s an d tasks, th e i r

e xe cu ti o n , p ro b l e m s , an d p ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n s sh al l be p re p a re d an d m a i n ta i n e d .

6.3.1 .5 Re co rd s of q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce a cti v i ti e s an d tasks sh al l be m ad e a va i l a b l e to th e a cq u i re r as

s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

6.3.1 .6 It sh al l be a s s u re d th a t p e rs o n s re s p o n s i b l e fo r a s s u ri n g co m p l i a n ce wi th th e c o n t ra c t

re q u i re m e n ts h a ve th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l fre e d o m , re s o u rce s , an d a u th o ri ty to p e rm i t o b j e cti ve e va l u a ti o n s

an d to i n i ti a te , e ffe ct, re s o l ve , an d ve ri fy p ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n s .

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6.3.2 Product assurance. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.3.2.1 It sh al l be a s s u re d th a t al l th e pl an s re q u i re d by th e co n tra ct a re d o cu m e n te d , co m p l y wi th th e

co n tra ct, a re m u tu a l l y co n s i s te n t, an d a re bei n g e xe cu te d as re q u i re d .

6.3.2.2 It sh al l be a s s u re d th a t s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d re l a te d d o cu m e n ta ti o n co m p l y wi th th e c o n t ra c t

an d a d h e re to th e pl an s.

6.3.2.3 In p re p a ra ti o n fo r th e d e l i ve ry of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts , it sh al l be a s s u re d th a t th e y h a ve fu l l y

s a ti s fi e d th e i r co n tra ctu a l re q u i re m e n ts an d a re a cce p ta b l e to th e a cq u i re r.

6.3.3 Process assurance. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.3.3.1 It sh al l be a s s u re d th a t th o s e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s ( s u p p l y, d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra t i o n ,

m a i n te n a n ce , an d s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s e s i n cl u d i n g q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce ) e m p l o ye d fo r th e p ro j e ct com p l y

wi th th e co n tra ct an d a d h e re to th e pl an s.

6.3.3.2 It sh al l be a s s u re d th a t th e i n te rn a l s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g p ra cti ce s , d e ve l o p m e n t e n v i ro n m e n t ,

te s t e n vi ro n m e n t, an d l i b ra ri e s co m p l y wi th th e co n tra ct.

6.3.3.3 It sh al l be a s s u re d th a t a p p l i ca b l e p ri m e - c o n t ra c t re q u i re m e n ts a re passed d o wn to th e

s u b co n tra cto r, an d th a t th e s u b co n tra cto r' s s o ftwa re p ro d u cts s a ti s fy p ri m e - co n tra ct re q u i re m e n ts .

6.3.3.4 It sh al l be a s s u re d th a t th e a cq u i re r an d o th e r p a rti e s a re p ro vi d e d th e re q u i re d s u p p o rt an d

co o p e ra ti o n in a cco rd a n ce wi th th e co n tra ct, n e g o ti a ti o n s , an d pl an s.

6.3.3.5 It sh ou l d be a s s u re d th a t s o ftwa re p ro d u ct an d p ro ce s s m e a s u re m e n ts a re in a c c o rd a n c e wi th

e s ta b l i s h e d s ta n d a rd s an d p ro ce d u re s .

6.3.3.6 It sh al l be a s s u re d th a t th e s ta ff assi g n ed h a ve th e s ki l l an d kn o wl e d g e n eed ed to m eet th e

re q u i re m e n ts of th e p ro j e ct an d re ce i ve an y n e ce s s a ry tra i n i n g .

6.3.4 Assurance of quality systems. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.3.4.1 Ad d i ti o n a l q u a l i ty m an ag em en t a cti v i ti e s sh al l be a s s u re d in a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e cl a u s e s of

I SOÊ 9001 as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

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6.4 Verification process
Th e Ve ri fi c a t i o n P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r d e t e rm i n i n g wh e th e r th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts of an a cti v i ty fu l fi l l

th e re q u i re m e n ts or co n d i ti o n s i m posed on th e m in th e p re vi o u s a cti vi ti e s . For co s t an d p e rfo rm a n c e

e ffe cti ve n e s s , v e ri fi c a ti o n sh ou l d be i n te g ra te d , as e a rl y as possi bl e, wi th th e p ro ce s s ( s u ch as s u p p l y,

d e ve l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , or m a i n te n a n ce ) th a t e m p l o ys i t. Th i s p ro ce s s m ay i n cl u d e a n a l ys i s , re vi e w an d

te s t.

Th i s p ro ce s s m ay be e xe cu te d wi th va ryi n g d e g re e s of i n d e p e n d e n ce . Th e d e g re e of i n d e p e n d e n ce may

ra n g e fro m th e sam e p e rs o n or d i ffe re n t p e rs o n in th e sam e o rg a n i z a ti o n to a p e rs o n in a d i ffe re n t

o rg a n i z a ti o n wi th va ryi n g d e g re e s of s e p a ra ti o n . In th e ca s e wh e re th e p ro ce s s is e xe cu te d by a n

o rg a n i z a ti o n i n d epen d en t of th e s u p p l i e r, d e ve l o p e r, o p e ra to r, or m a i n ta i n e r, it is ca l l e d I n d epen d en t

Ve ri fi ca ti o n P ro ce s s .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) V e r i fi c a t i o n .

6.4.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.4.1 .1 A d e te rm i n a ti o n sh al l be m ad e if th e p ro j e ct wa rra n ts a v e ri fi c a ti o n e ffo rt an d th e d e g re e of

o rg a n i z a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n ce of th a t e ffo rt n eed ed . Th e p ro j e ct re q u i re m e n ts sh al l be a n a l yz e d fo r

cri ti ca l i ty. C ri ti ca l i ty m ay be g au g ed in te rm s o f:

a) Th e p o te n ti a l of an u n d e te cte d e rro r in a syste m or s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n t fo r ca u s i n g d e a th or

p e rs o n a l i n j u ry, m i ssi on fa i l u re , or fi n a n ci a l or ca ta s tro p h i c eq u i pm en t l oss or d am ag e;

b) Th e m a tu ri ty of an d ri s ks a s s o ci a te d wi th th e s o ftwa re te ch n o l o g y to be u sed ;

c) Ava i l a b i l i ty of fu n d s an d re s o u rce s .

6.4.1 .2 If th e p ro j e ct wa rra n ts a ve ri fi ca ti o n e ffo rt, a ve ri fi ca ti o n p ro ce s s sh al l be e s ta b l i s h e d to ve ri fy th e

s o ftwa re p ro d u ct.

6.4.1 .3 If th e p ro j e ct wa rra n ts an i n d epen d en t v e ri fi c a ti o n e ffo rt, a q u a l i fi e d o rg a n i z a ti o n re s p o n s i b l e fo r

co n d u cti n g th e v e ri fi c a ti o n sh al l be s e l e cte d . Th i s o rg a n i z a ti o n sh al l be a s s u re d of th e i n d e p e n d e n ce

an d a u th o ri ty to p e rfo rm th e ve ri fi ca ti o n a cti v i ti e s .

6.4.1 .4 Based u pon th e s co p e , m a g n i tu d e , c o m p l e x i ty , an d c ri t i c a l i t y a n a l ys i s a b o ve , ta rg e t l i fe cycl e

a cti v i ti e s an d s o ftwa re p ro d u cts re q u i ri n g v e ri fi c a ti o n sh al l be d e te rm i n e d . Ve ri fi ca ti o n a c ti v i ti e s an d

ta s ks d e fi n e d in 6. 4. 2, i n cl u d i n g a s s o ci a te d m e th o d s , te ch n i q u e s , an d to o l s fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e tasks, sh al l

be s e l e cte d fo r th e ta rg e t l i fe cycl e a cti vi ti e s an d s o ftwa re p ro d u cts .

6.4.1 .5 Based u pon th e v e ri fi c a ti o n tasks as d e te rm i n e d , a v e ri fi c a ti o n pl an sh al l be d e ve l o p e d an d

d o cu m e n te d . Th e pl an sh al l a d d re s s th e l i fe cycl e a cti vi ti e s an d s o ftwa re p ro d u cts s u b j e ct to ve ri fi ca ti o n ,

th e re q u i re d v e ri fi c a ti o n tasks fo r e a ch l i fe cycl e a cti v i ty an d s o ftwa re p ro d u ct, an d re l a te d re s o u rce s ,

re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s , an d s ch e d u l e . Th e pl an sh al l a d d re s s p ro ce d u re s fo r fo rwa rd i n g ve ri fi ca ti o n re p o rts to th e

a cq u i re r an d o th e r i n vo l ve d o rg a n i z a ti o n s .

6.4.1 .6 Th e v e ri fi c a ti o n pl an sh al l be i m p l e m e n te d . P ro b l e m s an d n o n c o n fo rm a n ce s d e te c te d by th e

v e ri fi c a ti o n e ffo rt sh al l be e n te re d i n to th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n P ro ce s s (6 . 8). Al l p ro b l e m s an d

n o n co n fo rm a n ce s sh al l be re s o l ve d . Re s u l ts of th e v e ri fi ca ti o n a cti v i ti e s sh al l be m ad e a va i l a b l e to th e

a cq u i re r an d o th e r i n vo l ve d o rg a n i z a ti o n s .

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6.4.2 Verification. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.4.2.1 Contract verification. Th e co n tra ct sh al l be ve ri fi e d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w:

a) Th e su ppl i er h as th e ca p a b i l i ty to s a ti s fy th e re q u i re m e n ts .

b) Th e re q u i re m e n ts a re co n s i s te n t an d co ve r u ser n eed s.

c) Ad e q u a te p ro ce d u re s fo r h an d l i n g ch a n g e s to re q u i re m e n ts an d e s ca l a ti n g p ro b l e m s a re

s ti p u l a te d .

d) P ro ce d u re s an d th e i r e xte n t fo r i n te rfa ce an d co o p e ra ti o n am on g th e p a rti e s a re s ti p u l a te d ,

i n cl u d i n g o wn e rs h i p , wa rra n ty, co p yri g h t an d co n fi d e n ti a l i ty.

e) Acce p ta n ce cri te ri a an d p ro ce d u re s a re s ti p u l a te d in a cco rd a n ce wi th re q u i re m e n ts .

N O T E ÑTh i s a cti vi ty m ay be u sed in th e co n tra ct re vi e w (see 6. 3. 1 . 3 b).

6.4.2.2 Process verification. Th e p ro ce s s sh al l be ve ri fi e d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w:

a) P ro j e ct pl an n i n g re q u i re m e n ts a re a d e q u a te an d ti m e l y.

b) P ro ce s s e s s e l e cte d fo r th e p ro j e ct a re a d e q u a te , i m p l e m e n te d , bei n g e xe cu te d as pl an n ed , an d

co m p l i a n t wi th th e co n tra ct.

c) Th e s ta n d a rd s , p ro ce d u re s , an d e n vi ro n m e n ts fo r th e p ro j e ct' s p ro ce s s e s a re a d e q u a te .

d) Th e p ro j e ct is s ta ffe d an d p e rs o n n e l tra i n e d as re q u i re d by th e co n tra ct.

6.4.2.3 Requirements verification. Th e re q u i re m e n ts sh al l be ve ri fi e d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d

b e l o w:

a) Th e s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts a re co n s i s te n t, fe a s i b l e , an d te s ta b l e .

b) Th e system re q u i re m e n ts h a ve been a p p ro p ri a te l y a l l o ca te d to h a rd wa re i te m s , s o ftwa re i te m s ,

an d m an u al o p e ra ti o n s a cco rd i n g to d esi g n cri te ri a .

c) Th e s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts a re co n s i s te n t, fe a s i b l e , te s ta b l e , an d a ccu ra te l y re fl e ct system

re q u i re m e n ts .

d) Th e s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts re l a te d to s a fe ty, s e cu ri ty, an d c ri t i c a l i t y a re co rre ct as s h o wn by

s u i ta b l y ri g o ro u s m e th o d s .

6.4.2.4 Design verification. Th e d esi g n sh al l be ve ri fi e d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w:

a) Th e d esi g n is co rre ct an d co n s i s te n t wi th an d tra ce a b l e to re q u i re m e n ts .

b) Th e d esi g n i m p l e m e n ts p ro p e r s e q u e n ce of e ve n ts , i n p u ts , o u tp u ts , i n te rfa ce s , l og i c fl o w ,

a l l o ca ti o n of ti m i n g an d s i zi n g b u d g e ts , an d e rro r d e fi n i ti o n , i s o l a ti o n , an d re co ve ry.

c) S e l e cte d d esi g n ca n be d e ri ve d fro m re q u i re m e n ts .

d) Th e d esi g n i m p l e m e n ts s a fe ty, s e cu ri ty, an d o th e r c ri t i c a l re q u i re m e n ts co rre ctl y as s h o wn by

s u i ta b l y ri g o ro u s m e th o d s .

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6.4.2.5 Code verification. Th e co d e sh al l be ve ri fi e d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w:

a) Th e co d e is tra ce a b l e to d esi g n an d re q u i re m e n ts , te s ta b l e , co rre ct, an d co m pl i a n t wi th

re q u i re m e n ts an d co d i n g s ta n d a rd s .

b) Th e co d e i m p l e m e n ts p ro p e r e ve n t s e q u e n ce , co n s i s te n t i n te rfa ce s , co rre ct d a ta an d co n tro l fl o w,

co m p l e te n e s s , a p p ro p ri a te a l l o ca ti o n ti m i n g an d s i zi n g b u d g e ts , an d e rro r d e fi n i t i o n , i s o l a ti o n ,

an d re co v e ry.

c) S e l e cte d co d e ca n be d e ri ve d fro m d esi g n or re q u i re m e n ts .

d) Th e co d e i m p l e m e n ts s a fe ty, s e cu ri ty, an d o th e r c ri t i c a l re q u i re m e n ts co rre ctl y as s h o wn by

s u i ta b l y ri g o ro u s m e th o d s .

6.4.2.6 Integration verification. Th e i n te g ra ti o n sh al l be ve ri fi e d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d b e l o w:

a) Th e s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts an d u n i ts of e a ch s o ftwa re i te m h a ve been co m p l e te l y an d c o rre c t l y

i n te g ra te d i n to th e s o ftwa re i te m .

b) Th e h a rd wa re i te m s , s o ftwa re i te m s , an d m an u al o p e ra ti o n s of th e syste m h a ve been co m p l e te l y

an d co rre ctl y i n te g ra te d i n to th e s ys te m .

c) Th e i n te g ra ti o n ta s ks h a ve been p e rfo rm e d in a cco rd a n ce wi th an i n te g ra ti o n pl an .

6.4.2.7 Documentation verification. Th e d o cu m e n ta ti o n sh al l be ve ri fi e d co n s i d e ri n g th e cri te ri a l i s te d

b e l o w:

a) Th e d o cu m e n ta ti o n is a d e q u a te , co m p l e te , an d co n s i s te n t.

b) D o cu m e n ta ti o n p re p a ra ti o n is ti m e l y.

c) C o n fi g u ra ti o n m an ag em en t of d o cu m e n ts fo l l o ws s p e ci fi e d p ro ce d u re s .

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6.5 Validation process

Th e Va l i d a ti o n P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r d e t e rm i n i n g wh e th e r th e re q u i re m e n ts an d th e fi n a l , as-bu i l t

s ys te m or s o ftwa re p ro d u ct fu l fi l l s i ts s p e ci fi c i n te n d e d u se. Va l i d a ti o n m ay be co n d u cte d in e a rl i e r

s ta g e s . Th i s p ro ce s s m ay be co n d u cte d as a p a rt of S o ftwa re Acce p ta n ce S u p p o rt (5. 3. 1 3).

Th i s p ro ce s s m ay be e xe cu te d wi th va ryi n g d e g re e s of i n d e p e n d e n ce . Th e d e g re e of i n d e p e n d e n ce may

ra n g e fro m th e sam e p e rs o n or d i ffe re n t p e rs o n in th e sam e o rg a n i z a ti o n to a p e rs o n in a d i ffe re n t

o rg a n i z a ti o n wi th va ryi n g d e g re e s of s e p a ra ti o n . In th e ca s e wh e re th e p ro ce s s is e xe cu te d by a n

o rg a n i z a ti o n i n d epen d en t of th e s u p p l i e r, d e ve l o p e r, o p e ra to r, or m a i n ta i n e r, it is ca l l e d I n d epen d en t

Va l i d a ti o n P ro ce s s .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro ce s s i m p l e m e n ta ti o n ;

2) Va l i d a ti o n .

6.5.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.5.1 .1 A d e te rm i n a ti o n sh al l be m ad e if th e p ro j e ct wa rra n ts a v a l i d a ti o n e ffo rt an d th e d e g re e of

o rg a n i z a ti o n a l i n d e p e n d e n ce of th a t e ffo rt n eed ed .

6.5.1 .2 If th e p ro j e ct wa rra n ts a va l i d a ti o n e ffo rt, a va l i d a ti o n p ro ce s s sh al l be e s ta b l i s h e d to v a l i d a te th e

s ys te m or s o ftwa re p ro d u ct. Va l i d a ti o n tasks d e fi n e d b e l o w, i n cl u d i n g a s s o ci a te d m e th o d s , te ch n i q u e s ,

an d to o l s fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e ta s ks , sh al l be s e l e cte d .

6.5.1 .3 If th e p ro j e ct wa rra n ts an i n d epen d en t e ffo rt, a q u a l i fi e d o rg a n i z a ti o n re s p o n s i b l e fo r co n d u cti n g

th e e ffo rt sh al l be s e l e cte d . Th e co n d u c to r sh al l be a s s u re d of th e i n d e p e n d e n ce an d a u th o ri ty to

p e rfo rm th e va l i d a ti o n ta s ks .

6.5.1 .4 A va l i d a ti o n pl an sh al l be d e ve l o p e d an d d o cu m e n te d . Th e pl an sh al l i n cl u d e , bu t is n ot l i m i te d

to , th e fo l l o wi n g :

a) I te m s s u b j e ct to va l i d a ti o n ;

b) Va l i d a ti o n ta s ks to be p e rfo rm e d ;

c) Re s o u rce s , re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s , an d s ch e d u l e fo r va l i d a ti o n ;

d) P ro ce d u re s fo r fo rwa rd i n g va l i d a ti o n re p o rts to th e a cq u i re r an d o th e r p a rti e s .

6.5.1 .5 Th e v a l i d a ti o n pl an sh al l be i m p l e m e n te d . P ro b l e m s an d n o n c o n fo rm a n ce s d e te c te d by th e

v a l i d a ti o n e ffo rt sh al l be e n te re d i n to th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n P ro ce s s (6 . 8). Al l p ro b l e m s an d

n o n co n fo rm a n c e s sh al l be re s o l ve d . Re s u l ts of th e v a l i d a ti o n a c ti v i ti e s sh al l be m ad e a va i l a b l e to th e

a cq u i re r an d o th e r i n vo l ve d o rg a n i z a ti o n s .

6.5.2 Validation. Th i s a cti vi ty sh al l co n s i s t of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.5.2.1 P re p a re s e l e cte d te s t re q u i re m e n ts , te s t ca s e s , an d te s t s p e ci fi ca ti o n s fo r a n a l yz i n g te s t re s u l ts .

6.5.2.2 E n s u re th a t th e s e te s t re q u i re m e n ts , te s t ca s e s , an d te s t s p e c i fi ca ti o n s re fl e ct th e p a rt i c u l a r

re q u i re m e n ts fo r th e s p e ci fi c i n te n d e d u se.

6.5.2.3 C o n d u ct th e te s ts in s u b cl a u s e s 6. 5. 2 . 1 an d 6. 5. 2 . 2, i n cl u d i n g :

a) Te s ti n g wi th s tre s s , b o u n d a ry, an d si n g u l ar i n p u ts ;

b) Te s ti n g th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct fo r i ts a b i l i ty to i s o l a te an d m i n i m i ze th e e ffe ct of errors; th a t i s,

g ra ce fu l d e g ra d a ti o n u pon fa i l u re , re q u e s t fo r o p e ra to r a s s i s ta n ce u pon stress, b o u n d a ry, an d

si n g u l ar co n d i ti o n s ;

c) T e s ti n g th a t re p re s e n ta ti ve u sers ca n s u cce s s fu l l y a ch i e v e th e i r i n te n d e d tasks u si n g th e s o ftwa re

p ro d u c t .

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6.5.2.4 Va l i d a te th a t th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct s a ti s fi e s i ts i n te n d e d u se.

6.5.2.5 Te s t th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct as a p p ro p ri a te in s e l e cte d a re a s of th e ta rg e t e n vi ro n m e n t.

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6.6 Joint review process

Th e J oi n t Re vi e w P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r e va l u a ti n g th e s ta tu s an d p ro d u cts of an a cti v i ty of a p ro j e ct as

a p p ro p ri a te . J oi n t re vi e ws a re at b o th p ro j e ct m an ag em en t an d te ch n i ca l l e ve l s an d a re h el d t h ro u g h o u t

th e l i fe of th e co n tra ct. Th i s p ro ce s s m ay be e m p l o ye d by an y two p a rti e s , wh e re on e p a rty ( re v i e w i n g

p a rty) re vi e ws a n o th e r p a rty ( re vi e we d p a rty) .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s: Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) P ro j e ct m an ag em en t re vi e ws ;

3) T e ch n i ca l re v i e w s .

6.6.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.6.1 .1 P e ri o d i c re vi e ws sh al l be h el d at p re d e te rm i n e d m i l e s to n e s as s p e ci fi e d in th e p ro j e ct pl an (s). Ad
hoc re vi e ws sh ou l d be ca l l e d wh e n d eem ed n e ce s s a ry by e i th e r p a rty.

6.6.1 .2 Al l re s o u rce s re q u i re d to co n d u ct th e re vi e ws sh al l be a g re e d on by th e p a rti e s . Th e s e re s o u rce s

i n cl u d e p e rs o n n e l , l o ca ti o n , fa ci l i ti e s , h a rd wa re , s o ftwa re , an d to o l s .

6.6.1 .3 Th e p a rti e s sh ou l d a g re e on th e fo l l o wi n g i te m s at e a ch re vi e w: m e e ti n g ag en d a, s o ftwa re

p ro d u cts (re su l ts of an a cti v i ty) an d p ro b l e m s to be re vi e we d ; s co p e an d p ro ce d u re s ; an d e n try an d e xi t

cri te ri a fo r th e re vi e w.

6.6.1 .4 P ro b l e m s d e te cte d d u ri n g th e re vi e ws sh al l be re co rd e d an d e n te re d i n to th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n

P ro ce s s (6. 8) as re q u i re d .

6.6.1 .5 Th e re vi e w re s u l ts sh al l be d o cu m e n te d an d d i s tri b u te d . Th e re vi e wi n g p a rty wi l l a ckn o wl e d g e to

th e re vi e we d p a rty th e a d e q u a cy ( fo r e xa m p l e , a p p ro va l , d i s a p p ro va l , or co n ti n g e n t a p p ro va l ) of th e

re vi e w re s u l ts .

6.6.1 .6 Th e p a rti e s sh al l a g re e on th e o u tc o m e of th e re vi e w an d an y a cti o n i te m re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s an d

cl o s u re cri te ri a .

6.6.2 Project management reviews. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.6.2.1 P ro j e ct sta tu s sh al l be e va l u a te d re l a ti ve to th e a p p l i ca b l e p ro j e ct pl an s, s ch e d u l e s , s ta n d a rd s ,

an d g u i d el i n es. Th e o u tc o m e of th e re vi e w sh ou l d be d i s cu s s e d b e twe e n th e two p a rti e s an d sh ou l d

p ro vi d e fo r th e fo l l o wi n g :

a) M a ki n g a cti vi ti e s prog re ss a c co rd i n g to pl an , based on an e v a l u a ti o n of th e a cti v i ty or s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct s ta tu s ;

b) M a i n ta i n i n g g l obal co n tro l of th e p ro j e ct th ro u g h a d e q u a te a l l o ca ti o n of re s o u rce s ;

c) Ch an g i n g p ro j e ct d i re cti o n or d e te rm i n i n g th e n eed fo r a l te rn a te pl an n i n g ;

d) E va l u a ti n g an d m an ag i n g th e ri s k i ssu es th a t m ay j e o p a rd i z e th e s u cce s s of th e p ro j e ct.

6.6.3 Technical reviews. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.6.3.1 T e ch n i ca l re vi e ws sh al l be h el d to e va l u a te th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts or s e rvi ce s u n d er c o n s i d e ra t i o n

an d p ro v i d e e vi d e n ce th a t:

a) Th e y a re co m p l e te .

b) Th e y co m p l y wi th th e i r s ta n d a rd s an d s p e ci fi ca ti o n s .

c) Ch an g es to th e m a re p ro p e rl y i m p l e m e n te d an d a ffe ct on l y th o s e a re a s i d e n t i fi e d by th e

C o n fi g u ra ti o n M an ag em en t P ro ce s s (6. 2).

d) Th e y a re a d h e ri n g to a p p l i ca b l e s ch e d u l e s .

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e) Th e y a re re a d y fo r th e n e xt a cti vi ty.

f) Th e d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , or m a i n te n a n ce is bei n g c o n d u c te d a c c o rd i n g to th e pl an s,

s ch e d u l e s , s ta n d a rd s , an d g u i d el i n es of th e p ro j e ct.

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6.7 Audit process

Th e Au d i t P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r d e te rm i n i n g co m p l i a n ce wi th th e re q u i re m e n ts , pl an s, an d co n tra ct as

a p p ro p ri a te . Th i s p ro ce s s m ay be e m p l o ye d by an y two p a rti e s , wh e re on e p a rty ( a u d i ti n g p a rty) a u d i ts

th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts or a cti vi ti e s of a n o th e r p a rty ( a u d i te d p a rty) .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) Au d i t.

6.7.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

6.7.1 .1 Au d i ts sh al l be h el d at p re d e te rm i n e d m i l e s to n e s as s p e ci fi e d in th e p ro j e ct pl an (s).

6.7.1 .2 Au d i ti n g p e rs o n n e l sh al l n ot h a ve an y d i re ct re s p o n s i b i l i ty fo r th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d a cti vi ti e s

th e y a u d i t.

6.7.1 .3 Al l re s o u rce s re q u i re d to co n d u c t th e a u d i ts sh al l be a g re e d by th e p a rti e s . Th e s e re s o u rce s

i n cl u d e s u p p o rti n g p e rs o n n e l , l o ca ti o n , fa ci l i ti e s , h a rd wa re , s o ftwa re , an d to o l s .

6.7.1 .4 Th e p a rti e s sh ou l d a g re e on th e fo l l o wi n g i te m s at e a ch a u d i t: ag en d a; s o ftwa re p ro d u cts (an d

re s u l ts of an a cti vi ty) to be re vi e we d ; au d i t s co p e an d p ro ce d u re s ; an d e n try an d e xi t cri te ri a fo r th e a u d i t.

6.7.1 .5 P ro b l e m s d e te cte d d u ri n g th e a u d i ts sh al l be re co rd e d an d e n te re d i n to th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n

P ro ce s s (6. 8) as re q u i re d .

6.7.1 .6 Afte r co m p l e ti n g an a u d i t, th e au d i t re s u l ts sh al l be d o c u m e n te d an d p ro vi d e d to th e a u d i te d

p a rty. Th e a u d i te d p a rty sh al l a ckn o wl e d g e to th e a u d i ti n g p a rty an y p ro b l e m s fo u n d in th e au d i t an d

re l a te d p ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n s pl an n ed .

6.7.1 .7 Th e p a rti e s sh al l a g re e on th e o u tc o m e of th e au d i t an d an y a cti o n i te m re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s an d

cl o s u re cri te ri a .

6.7.2 Audit. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.7.2.1 Au d i ts sh al l be co n d u cte d to e n s u re th a t:

a) As - co d e d s o ftwa re p ro d u cts ( s u ch as a s o ftwa re i te m ) re fl e ct th e d esi g n d o cu m e n ta ti o n .

b) Th e a cce p ta n ce re vi e w an d te s ti n g re q u i re m e n ts p re s cri b e d by th e d o cu m e n ta ti o n a re a d e q u a te

fo r th e a cce p ta n ce of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts .

c) Te s t d a ta co m p l y wi th th e s p e ci fi ca ti o n .

d) S o ftwa re p ro d u cts we re s u cce s s fu l l y te s te d an d m eet th e i r s p e ci fi ca ti o n s .

e) Te s t re p o rts a re co rre ct an d d i s cre p a n ci e s b e twe e n a ctu a l an d e xp e cte d re s u l ts h a ve been

re s o l v e d .

f) U ser d o cu m e n ta ti o n co m p l i e s wi th s ta n d a rd s as s p e ci fi e d .

g) Acti v i ti e s h a ve been co n d u cte d a cco rd i n g to a p p l i ca b l e re q u i re m e n ts , pl an s, an d co n tra ct.

h) Th e co s ts an d s ch e d u l e s a d h e re to th e e s ta b l i s h e d pl an s.

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6.8 Problem resolution process
Th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r a n a l yz i n g an d re s o l v i n g th e p ro b l e m s ( i n cl u d i n g

n o n co n fo rm a n c e s ) , wh a te ve r th e i r n a tu re or s o u rce , th a t a re d i s co ve re d d u ri n g th e e x e cu ti o n of

d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , m a i n te n a n ce , or o th e r p ro ce s s e s . Th e o b j e c ti v e is to p ro vi d e a ti m e l y,

re s p o n s i b l e , an d d o c u m e n te d m ean s to e n s u re th a t al l d i s co ve re d p ro b l e m s a re a n a l yz e d an d re s o l ve d

an d tre n d s a re re co g n i z e d .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) P ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n .

6.8.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.8.1 .1 A p ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n p ro ce s s sh al l be e s ta b l i s h e d fo r h an d l i n g al l p ro b l e m s ( i n cl u d i n g

n o n co n fo rm a n c e s ) d e te cte d in th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d a cti v i ti e s . Th e p ro ce s s sh al l co m p l y wi th th e

fo l l o wi n g re q u i re m e n ts :

a) Th e p ro ce s s sh al l be cl o s e d - l o o p , e n s u ri n g th a t: al l d e te cte d p ro b l e m s a re p ro m p tl y re p o rte d an d

e n te re d i n to th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n P ro ce s s ; a cti o n is i n i ti a te d on th e m ; re l e v a n t p a rti e s a re

a d vi s e d of th e e xi s te n ce of th e p ro b l e m as a p p ro p ri a te ; ca u s e s a re i d e n ti fi e d , a n a l yz e d , and ,

wh e re possi bl e, e l i m i n a te d ; re s o l u ti o n an d d i s p o s i ti o n a re a ch i e ve d ; s ta tu s is tra cke d an d re p o rte d ;

an d re co rd s of th e p ro b l e m s a re m a i n ta i n e d as s ti p u l a te d in th e co n tra ct.

b) Th e p ro ce s s sh ou l d co n ta i n a s ch e m e fo r ca t e g o ri z i n g an d p ri o ri ti z i n g th e p ro b l e m s . E a ch

p ro b l e m sh ou l d be cl a s s i fi e d by th e ca te g o ry an d p ri o ri ty to fa c i l i t a t e tre n d a n a l ys i s an d p ro b l e m

re s o l u t i o n .

c) An a l ys i s sh al l be p e rfo rm e d to d e te ct tre n d s in th e p ro b l e m s re p o rte d .

d) P ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n s an d d i s p o s i ti o n s sh al l be e va l u a te d : to e va l u a te th a t p ro b l e m s h a ve been

re s o l ve d , a d ve rs e tre n d s h a ve been re ve rs e d , an d ch a n g e s h a ve been co rre ctl y i m p l e m e n te d i n

th e a p p ro p ri a te s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d a cti v i ti e s ; an d to d e te rm i n e wh e th e r a d d i ti o n a l p ro b l e m s

h a ve been i n tro d u ce d .

6.8.2 Problem resolution. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

6.8.2.1 Wh e n p ro b l e m s ( i n cl u d i n g n o n c o n fo rm a n ce s ) h a ve been d e te cte d in a s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or a n

a cti vi ty, a p ro b l e m re p o rt sh al l be p re p a re d to d e s cri b e e a ch p ro b l e m d e te cte d . Th e p ro b l e m re p o rt sh al l

be u sed as p a rt of th e cl o s e d - l o o p p ro ce s s d e s cri b e d a b o ve : fro m d e t e c ti o n of th e p ro b l e m , t h ro u g h

i n v e s ti g a ti o n , a n a l ys i s an d re s o l u ti o n of th e p ro b l e m an d i ts ca u s e , an d o n to tre n d d e t e c ti o n a cross

p ro b l e m s .

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7 Organizational life cycle processes

Th i s cl a u s e d e fi n e s th e fo l l o wi n g o rg a n i z a ti o n a l l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s :

1 ) M an ag em en t p ro ce s s ;

2) I n fra s tru ctu re p ro ce s s ;

3) I m p ro ve m e n t p ro ce s s ;

4) T ra i n i n g p ro ce s s .

Th e a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks in an o rg a n i z a t i o n a l p ro ce s s a re th e re s p o n s i b i l i ty of th e o rg a n i z a ti o n u si n g th a t

p ro ce s s . Th e o rg a n i z a ti o n e n s u re s th a t th e p ro ce s s is in e xi s te n ce an d fu n cti o n a l .

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7.1 Management process
Th e M an ag em en t P ro ce s s co n ta i n s th e g e n e ri c a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks , wh i ch m ay be e m p l o ye d by an y p a rty

th a t h as to m an ag e i ts re s p e cti ve proce ss (e s) . Th e m an ag er is re s p o n s i b l e fo r p ro d u ct m a n a g e m e n t,

p ro j e c t m a n a g e m e n t, an d task m an ag em en t of th e a p p l i ca b l e proce ss (e s) , s u ch as th e a cq u i s i ti o n ,

s u p p l y, d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , m a i n te n a n ce , or s u p p o rti n g p ro ce s s .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s: Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) I n i ti a ti o n an d s co p e d e fi n i ti o n ;

2) Planning;

3) E x e c u ti o n an d c o n tro l ;

4) Re v i e w an d e va l u a ti o n ;

5) C l o s u re .

7.1 .1 Initiation and scope definition . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

7.1 .1 .1 Th e m an ag em en t p ro ce s s sh al l be i n i ti a te d by e s ta b l i s h i n g th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e p ro ce s s to b e

u n d e rta ke n .

7.1 .1 .2 O n ce th e re q u i re m e n ts a re e s ta b l i s h e d , th e m an ag er sh al l e s ta b l i s h th e fe a s i b i l i ty of th e p ro ce s s

by ch e cki n g th a t th e re s o u rce s ( p e rs o n n e l , m a te ri a l s , te ch n o l o g y, an d e n vi ro n m e n t) re q u i re d to e xe cu te

an d m an ag e th e p ro ce s s a re a va i l a b l e , a d e q u a te , an d a p p ro p ri a te an d th a t th e ti m e - s ca l e s to co m p l e ti o n

a re a ch i e va b l e .

7.1 .1 .3 As n e ce s s a ry, an d by a g re e m e n t of al l p a rti e s co n ce rn e d , th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e p ro ce s s m ay b e

m o d i fi e d at th i s poi n t to a ch i e ve th e co m p l e ti o n cri te ri a .

7.1 .2 Planning . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

7.1 .2.1 Th e m an ag er sh al l p re p a re th e pl an s fo r e xe cu ti o n of th e p ro ce s s . Th e pl an s a s s o ci a te d wi th th e

e xe cu ti o n of th e p ro ce s s sh al l co n ta i n d e s cri p ti o n s of th e a s s o ci a te d a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks an d i d e n ti fi ca ti o n

of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts th a t wi l l be p ro vi d e d . Th e s e pl an s sh al l i n cl u d e , bu t a re n ot l i m i te d to , th e

fo l l o w i n g :

a) S ch e d u l e s fo r th e ti m e l y co m p l e ti o n of ta s ks ;

b) E s ti m a ti o n of e ffo rt;

c) Ad e q u a te re s o u rce s n eed ed to e xe cu te th e ta s ks ;

d) Al l o ca ti o n of ta s ks ;

e) As s i g n m e n t of re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s ;

f) Q u a n ti fi ca ti o n of ri s ks a s s o ci a te d wi th th e ta s ks or th e p ro ce s s i ts e l f;

g) Q u a l i ty co n tro l m e a s u re s to be e m p l o ye d th ro u g h o u t th e p ro ce s s ;

h) C o s ts a s s o ci a te d wi th th e p ro ce s s e xe cu ti o n ;

i) P ro vi s i o n of e n vi ro n m e n t an d i n fra s tru ctu re .

7.1 .3 Execution and control . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

7.1 .3.1 Th e m an ag er sh al l i n i ti a te th e i m p l e m e n ta ti o n of th e pl an to s a ti s fy th e o b j e cti v e s an d c ri t e r i a

s e t, e xe rci s i n g co n tro l o ve r th e p ro ce s s .

7.1 .3.2 Th e m an ag er sh al l m o n i to r th e e xe cu ti o n of th e p ro ce s s , p ro vi d i n g b o th i n te rn a l re p o rti n g of th e

p ro ce s s p ro g re s s an d e xte rn a l re p o rti n g to th e a cq u i re r as d e fi n e d in th e co n tra ct.

7.1 .3.3 Th e m an ag er sh al l i n ve s ti g a te , a n a l yz e , an d re s o l ve th e p ro b l e m s d i s co ve re d d u ri n g th e

e xe cu ti o n of th e p ro ce s s . Th e re s o l u ti o n of p ro b l e m s m ay re s u l t in ch a n g e s to pl an s. It is th e m a n a g e r' s

re s p o n s i b i l i ty to e n s u re th e i m p a ct of an y ch a n g e s is d e te rm i n e d , co n tro l l e d , an d m o n i to re d . P ro b l e m s

an d th e i r re s o l u ti o n sh al l be d o cu m e n te d .

7.1 .3.4 Th e m an ag er sh al l re p o rt, at a g re e d p o i n ts , th e prog re ss of th e p ro ce s s , d e c l a ri n g a d h e re n ce to

th e pl an s an d re s o l vi n g i n s ta n ce s of th e l a ck of p ro g re s s . Th e s e i n cl u d e i n te rn a l an d e xte rn a l re p o rti n g as

re q u i re d by th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p ro ce d u re s an d th e co n tra ct.

7.1 .4 Review and evaluation . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

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7.1 .4.1 Th e m an ag er sh al l e n s u re th a t th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d pl an s a re e v a l u a te d fo r s a ti s fa cti o n of

re q u i re m e n ts .

7.1 .4.2 Th e m an ag er sh al l assess th e e v a l u a ti o n re s u l ts of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks

co m p l e te d d u ri n g th e e xe cu ti o n of th e p ro ce s s fo r a ch i e ve m e n t of th e o b j e cti v e s an d co m p l e ti o n of th e

pl an s.

7.1 .5 Closure . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

7.1 .5.1 Wh e n al l s o ftwa re p ro d u cts , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks a re co m p l e te d , th e m an ag er sh al l d e t e rm i n e

wh e th e r th e p ro ce s s is co m p l e te ta ki n g i n to a cco u n t th e cri te ri a as s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct or as p a rt of

o rg a n i z a ti o n ' s p ro c e d u re .

7.1 .5.2 Th e m an ag er sh al l ch e ck th e re s u l ts an d re co rd s of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks

e m p l o ye d fo r co m p l e te n e s s . Th e s e re s u l ts an d re co rd s sh al l be a rch i v e d in a s u i ta b l e e n v i ro n m e n t as

s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct.

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7.2 Infrastructure process
Th e I n fra s tru ctu re P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s to e s ta b l i s h an d m a i n ta i n th e i n fra s tru ctu re n eed ed fo r an y o th e r

p ro ce s s . Th e i n fra s tru ctu re m ay i n cl u d e h a rd wa re , s o ftwa re , to o l s , te ch n i q u e s , s ta n d a rd s , an d fa ci l i ti e s fo r

d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , or m a i n te n a n ce .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) E s ta b l i s h m e n t of th e i n fra s tru ctu re ;

3) M a i n te n a n ce of th e i n fra s tru ctu re .

7.2.1 Process implementation . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

7.2.1 .1 Th e i n fra s tru ctu re sh ou l d be d e fi n e d an d d o c u m e n te d to meet th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e p ro ce s s

e m p l o yi n g th i s p ro ce s s , co n s i d e ri n g th e a p p l i ca b l e p ro ce d u re s , s ta n d a rd s , to o l s , an d te ch n i q u e s .

7.2.1 .2 Th e e s ta b l i s h m e n t of th e i n fra s tru ctu re sh ou l d be pl an n ed an d d o cu m e n te d .

7.2.2 Establishment of the infrastructure. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

7.2.2.1 Th e c o n fi g u ra t i o n of th e i n fra s tru ctu re sh ou l d be pl an n ed an d d o c u m e n te d . F u n cti o n a l i ty,

p e rfo rm a n ce , s a fe ty, s e cu ri ty, a va i l a b i l i ty, s p a ce re q u i re m e n ts , e q u i p m e n t, co s ts , an d ti m e co n s tra i n ts

sh ou l d be co n s i d e re d .

7.2.2.2 Th e i n fra s tru ctu re sh al l be i n s ta l l e d in ti m e fo r e xe cu ti o n of th e re l e va n t p ro ce s s .

7.2.3 Maintenance of the infrastructure . Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

7.2.3.1 Th e i n fra s tru ctu re sh al l be m a i n ta i n e d , m o n i to re d , an d m o d i fi e d as n e ce s s a ry to e n s u re th a t i t

co n ti n u e s to s a ti s fy th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e p ro ce s s e m p l o yi n g th i s p ro ce s s . As p a rt of m a i n ta i n i n g th e

i n fra s tru ctu re , th e e xte n t to wh i ch th e i n fra s tru ctu re is u n d er co n fi g u ra ti o n m an ag em en t sh al l be d e fi n e d .

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7.3 Improvement process

Th e I m p ro ve m e n t P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r e s ta b l i s h i n g , assessi n g , m e a s u ri n g , co n tro l l i n g , an d i m p ro vi n g a

s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro ce s s e s ta b l i s h m e n t;

2) P ro ce s s a s s e ss m e n t;

3) P ro ce s s i m p ro ve m e n t.

7.3.1 Process establishment. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

7.3.1 .1 Th e o rg a n i z a ti o n sh al l e s ta b l i s h a s u i te of o rg a n i z a t i o n a l p ro ce s s e s fo r al l s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e

p ro ce s s e s as th e y appl y to i ts bu si n ess a cti v i ti e s . Th e p ro ce s s e s an d th e i r a p p l i ca ti o n to s p e ci fi c ca s e s

sh al l be d o cu m e n te d in o rg a n i z a ti o n ' s p u b l i ca ti o n s . As a p p ro p ri a te , a p ro ce s s co n tro l m e ch a n i s m sh ou l d

be e s ta b l i s h e d to d e ve l o p , m o n i to r, co n tro l , an d i m p ro ve th e p ro ce s s ( e s ) .

7.3.2 Process assessment. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

7.3.2.1 A p ro ce s s assessm en t p ro ce d u re sh ou l d be d e ve l o p e d , d o c u m e n te d , an d appl i ed . Assessm en t

re co rd s sh ou l d be ke p t an d m a i n ta i n e d .

7.3.2.2 Th e o rg a n i z a ti o n sh al l pl an an d ca rry ou t re vi e w of th e p ro ce s s e s at a p p ro p ri a te i n te rva l s to

a s s u re th e i r co n ti n u i n g s u i ta b i l i ty an d e ffe cti ve n e s s in th e light of assessm en t re s u l ts .

7.3.3 Process improvement. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

7.3.3.1 Th e o rg a n i z a ti o n sh al l e ffe ct s u ch i m p ro ve m e n ts to i ts p ro ce s s e s as it d e te rm i n e s to be n e ce s s a ry

as a re s u l t of p ro ce s s assessm en t an d re vi e w. P ro ce s s d o cu m e n ta ti o n sh ou l d be u p d a te d to re fl e c t

i m p ro ve m e n t in th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p ro ce s s e s .

7.3.3.2 H i s to ri ca l , te ch n i ca l , an d e v a l u a ti o n d a ta sh ou l d be co l l e cte d an d a n a l yz e d to g ai n a n

u n d e rs ta n d i n g of th e s tre n g th s an d weakn esses of th e e m p l o ye d p ro ce s s e s . Th e s e a n a l ys e s sh ou l d b e

u sed as fe e d b a ck to i m p ro ve th e s e p ro ce s s e s , to re co m m e n d ch a n g e s in th e d i re c ti o n of th e p ro j e cts (or

su bseq u en t p ro j e cts ) , an d to d e te rm i n e te ch n o l o g y a d va n ce m e n t n eed s.

7.3.3.3 Q u a l i ty co s t d a ta sh ou l d be co l l e cte d , m a i n ta i n e d , an d u sed to i m p ro ve th e o rg a n i z a t i o n ' s

p ro ce s s e s as a m an ag em en t a cti vi ty. Th e s e d a ta sh al l s e rve th e p u rp o s e of e s ta b l i s h i n g th e co s t of b o th

th e p re ve n ti o n an d re s o l u ti o n of p ro b l e m s an d n o n - co n fo rm i ty in s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d s e rvi ce s .

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7.4 Training process
Th e T ra i n i n g P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r p ro vi d i n g an d m a i n ta i n i n g tra i n e d p e rs o n n e l . Th e a cq u i s i ti o n ,

s u p p l y, d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , or m a i n t e n a n ce of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts is l a rg e l y d epen d en t u pon

kn o wl e d g e a b l e an d s ki l l e d p e rs o n n e l . For e xa m p l e : d e ve l o p e r p e rs o n n e l sh ou l d h a ve e s s e n ti a l tra i n i n g in

s o ftwa re m an ag em en t an d s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g . It i s, th e re fo re , i m p e ra ti ve th a t p e rs o n n e l tra i n i n g b e

pl an n ed an d i m p l e m e n te d e a rl y so th a t tra i n e d p e rs o n n e l a re a va i l a b l e as th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct is

a cq u i re d , su ppl i ed , d e ve l o p e d , o p e ra te d , or m a i n ta i n e d .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) P ro c e s s i m p l e m e n ta t i o n ;

2) T ra i n i n g m a t e ri a l d e ve l o p m e n t;

3) T ra i n i n g pl an i m p l e m e n ta ti o n .

7.4.1 Process implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

7.4.1 .1 A re vi e w of th e p ro j e ct re q u i re m e n ts sh al l be co n d u cte d to e s ta b l i s h an d m a ke ti m e l y p ro v i s i o n

fo r a cq u i ri n g or d e ve l o p i n g th e re s o u rce s an d s ki l l s re q u i re d by th e m an ag em en t an d te ch n i ca l s ta ff. Th e

typ e s an d l e ve l s of tra i n i n g an d ca te g o ri e s of p e rs o n n e l n eed i n g tra i n i n g sh al l be d e te rm i n e d . A t ra i n i n g

pl an , a d d re s s i n g i m p l e m e n ta ti o n s ch e d u l e s , re s o u rce re q u i re m e n ts , an d tra i n i n g n eed s, sh ou l d b e

d e ve l o p e d an d d o c u m e n te d .

7.4.2 Training material development. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

7.4.2.1 T ra i n i n g m an u al s, i n cl u d i n g p re s e n ta ti o n m a te ri a l s u sed in p ro vi d i n g tra i n i n g , sh ou l d b e

d e ve l o p e d .

7.4.3 Training plan implementation. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

7.4.3.1 Th e tra i n i n g pl an sh al l be i m p l e m e n te d to p ro vi d e tra i n i n g to p e rs o n n e l . Tra i n i n g re co rd s sh ou l d

be m a i n ta i n e d .

7.4.3.2 It sh ou l d be e n s u re d th a t th e ri g h t mix an d ca te g o ri e s of a p p ro p ri a te l y tra i n e d p e rs o n n e l a re

a va i l a b l e fo r th e pl an n ed a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks in a ti m e l y m a n n e r.

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Annex A
( n o rm a ti v e )

Tailoring process
Th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s fo r p e rfo rm i n g basi c ta i l o ri n g of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd fo r a

s o ftwa re p ro j e ct. Th i s an n ex p ro vi d e s re q u i re m e n ts fo r ta i l o ri n g th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd .

Li st of a cti v i ti e s. Th i s p ro ce s s co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g a cti vi ti e s :

1 ) I d e n ti fy i n g p ro j e c t e n v i ro n m e n t;

2) S o l i ci ti n g i n p u ts ;

3) S e l e cti n g p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s , an d ta s ks ;

4) D o cu m e n ti n g ta i l o ri n g d e ci s i o n s an d ra ti o n a l e .

A.1 Identifying project environment. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

A.1 .1 C h a ra cte ri s ti cs of th e p ro j e ct e n vi ro n m e n t th a t a re g oi n g to i n fl u e n c e ta i l o ri n g sh al l be i d e n t i fi e d .

Som e of th e ch a ra cte ri s ti cs m ay be: l i fe cycl e m od el ; cu rre n t syste m l i fe cycl e a cti v i ty; s ys tem an d

s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts ; o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p o l i ci e s , p ro ce d u re s an d s tra te g i e s ; s i ze , cri ti ca l i ty an d typ e s of th e

s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce ; an d n u m ber of p e rs o n n e l an d p a rti e s i n vo l ve d .

A.2 Soliciting inputs. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

A.2.1 I n p u ts fro m th e o rg a n i za ti o n s th a t a re to be a ffe cte d by th e ta i l o ri n g d e ci s i o n s sh al l be s o l i ci te d .

U s e rs , s u p p o rt p e rs o n n e l , co n tra cti n g o ffi ce rs , p o te n ti a l b i d d e rs sh ou l d be i n vo l ve d in ta i l o ri n g .

A.3 Selecting processes, activities, and tasks. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s ks :

A.3.1 Th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s , an d ta s ks th a t a re to be p e rfo rm e d sh al l be d e ci d e d . Th e s e i n cl u d e th e

d o c u m e n ta t i o n to be d e ve l o p e d an d wh o a re to be re s p o n s i b l e fo r th e m . For th i s p u rp o s e , th i s

I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd sh ou l d be e va l u a te d ag ai n st re l e va n t d a ta g a th e re d in cl a u s e s A. 1 an d A. 2 .

A.3.2 Th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s , an d tasks th a t we re d e ci d e d u pon in A. 3 . 1 bu t n ot p ro vi d e d in th i s

I n t e rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd sh al l be s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct i ts e l f. O rg a n i z a ti o n a l l i fe cyc l e proce ss e s

( cl a u s e Ê 7 ) sh ou l d be e va l u a te d to d e te rm i n e wh e th e r th e y co u l d p ro vi d e fo r th e s e p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s ,

an d ta s ks .

A.3.3 In th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd , re q u i re m e n ts a re i n d i ca te d by tasks th a t co n ta i n "sh al l " or " wi l l " .

Th e s e ta s ks sh ou l d be ca re fu l l y co n s i d e re d fo r wh e th e r th e y sh ou l d be ke p t or d e l e te d fo r a g i ve n p ro j e c t

or a g i ve n bu si n ess s e cto r. F a cto rs to be co n s i d e re d i n cl u d e bu t a re n ot l i m i te d to : ri sk, co s t, s ch e d u l e ,

p e rfo rm a n ce , s i ze , cri ti ca l i ty, an d h u m an i n te rfa ce .

A.4 Documenting tailoring decisions and rationale. Th i s a cti vi ty co n s i s ts of th e fo l l o wi n g ta s k:

A.4.1 Al l ta i l o ri n g d e ci s i o n s sh al l be d o cu m e n te d to g e th e r wi th th e ra ti o n a l e fo r th e d e ci s i o n s .

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Annex B
( i n fo rm a t i v e )

Guidance on tailoring
No two p ro j e cts a re th e sam e. Va ri a ti o n s in o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p o l i ci e s an d p ro ce d u re s , a c q u i s i ti o n m e th o d s

an d s tra te g i e s , p ro j e ct s i ze an d co m p l e xi ty, s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts an d d e ve l o p m e n t m e th o d s , am on g o th e r

th i n g s , i n fl u e n c e h ow a syste m is a cq u i re d , d e ve l o p e d , o p e ra te d , or m a i n ta i n e d . Th i s I n t e rn a t i o n a l

S ta n d a rd is wri tte n fo r a g e n e ra l p ro j e ct to a cco m m o d a te s u ch va ri a ti o n s as m u ch as possi bl e. Th e re fo re ,

in th e i n te re s t of co s t re d u cti o n an d q u a l i ty i m p ro v e m e n t, th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd sh ou l d be t a i l o re d

fo r an i n d i vi d u a l p ro j e ct. Al l p a rti e s i n vo l ve d in th e p ro j e ct sh ou l d be i n vo l ve d in ta i l o ri n g .

B.1 General tailoring guidance. Th i s cl a u s e p ro vi d e s g u i d a n ce on t a i l o ri n g th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S t a n d a rd

an d is n ot e xh a u s ti ve . Th i s cl a u s e m ay be u sed to p e rfo rm fi rs t- l e ve l ta i l o ri n g of th i s I n t e rn a t i o n a l

S ta n d a rd fo r a g i ve n bu si n ess a re a ; fo r e xa m p l e , a v i a ti o n , n u cl e a r, m e d i ca l , m i l i ta ry , co u n try, or

o rg a n i z a ti o n . Th e s e co n d - l e ve l ta i l o ri n g sh ou l d be p e rfo rm e d fo r e a ch s p e ci fi c p ro j e ct or co n tra ct.

B.2 Tailoring of the Development Process

Th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) n eed s s p e ci a l a tte n ti o n , b e ca u s e th i s p ro ce s s may be u sed by d i ffe re n t

p a rti e s wi th d i ffe re n t o b j e cti ve s . As a fi rs t- l e ve l ta i l o ri n g of th i s p ro ce s s , th e fo l l o wi n g is re co m m e n d e d :

a) F or s o ftwa re p ro d u ct th a t is em bed d ed in or i n te g ra l to th e s ys te m : al l th e a cti vi ti e s in th e p ro ce s s

sh ou l d be co n s i d e re d ; an d it sh ou l d be c l a ri fi e d wh e th e r th e d e ve l o p e r is re q u i re d to perform or
support th e s ys te m a cti vi ti e s .

b) F or s ta n d - a l o n e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct, th e sys te m a cti vi ti e s (5. 3. 2 , 5. 3. 3, 5. 3. 1 0, an d 5. 3. 1 1 ) m ay n ot

be re q u i re d bu t sh ou l d be co n s i d e re d .

B.3 Tailoring of the evaluation-related activities

P e rs o n s wh o a re i n vo l ve d in an y a cti v i ty of th e l i fe c ycl e of a p ro j e ct or a p ro ce s s , co n d u ct e va l u a ti o n s

e i th e r on th e i r o wn or o th e r' s s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d a cti v i ti e s . Th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd g ro u p s th e s e

e va l u a ti o n s i n to fi ve ca te g o ri e s , wh i ch a re l i s te d b e l o w. Th e fi rs t fo u r e va l u a ti o n ca te g o ri e s a re at p ro j e c t

l e ve l ; th e l ast on e is at o rg a n i z a ti o n a l l e ve l . Th e s e e va l u a ti o n s sh ou l d be s e l e cte d an d t a i l o re d

p ro p o rti o n a l to th e s co p e , m a g n i tu d e , c o m p l e x i ty , an d c ri t i c a l i t y of th e p ro j e ct or of th e o rg a n i z a ti o n .

Th e p ro b l e m , n o n - co n fo rm a n ce , an d i m p ro v e m e n t re p o rts fro m th e s e e va l u a ti o n s fe e d i n to th e P ro b l e m

Re s o l u ti o n P ro ce s s (6. 8).

a) P ro ce s s - i n te rn a l e va l u a ti o n s ( e va l u a ti o n tasks in 5. 1 to 5. 5). Th e s e a re co n d u cte d by p e rs o n n e l

p e rfo rm i n g th e assi g n ed ta s ks wi th i n th e p ro ce s s d u ri n g th e i r d a y- to - d a y a cti vi ti e s .

b) V e ri fi c a t i o n (6. 4 ) an d Va l i d a ti o n (6. 5). C o n d u cte d by th e a cq u i re r, th e s u p p l i e r, or a n

i n d epen d en t p a rty, to ve ri fy an d va l i d a te th e p ro d u cts in va ryi n g d e p th d epen d i n g on th e p ro j e c t .

Th e s e e va l u a ti o n s do n ot d u p l i ca te or re p l a ce o th e r e va l u a ti o n s , bu t su ppl em en t th e m .

c) J oi n t Re vi e ws (6. 6) an d Au d i ts (6. 7). Th e s e a re c o n d u c te d in a j oi n t fo ru m by th e re vi e wi n g an d

re vi e we d p a rti e s to e va l u a te s ta tu s an d co m p l i a n ce of p ro d u cts an d a cti vi ti e s on a p re - a g re e d to

s ch e d u l e .

d) Q u a l i ty As s u ra n ce (6 . 3). C o n d u cte d by p e rs o n n e l i n d epen d en t of th e p e rs o n n e l d i re c t l y

re s p o n s i b l e fo r d e ve l o p i n g th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or e xe cu ti n g th e p ro ce s s . Th e g oal is to

independently assure c o n fo rm a n c e of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u cts an d p ro ce s s e s wi th th e c o n t ra c t

re q u i re m e n ts an d a d h e re n ce to th e e s ta b l i s h e d pl an s. Th i s p ro ce s s m ay u se th e re s u l ts fro m a, b,

an d c a b o ve as i n p u ts . Th i s p ro ce s s m ay co o rd i n a te i ts a cti vi ti e s wi th th o s e of a, b, an d c.

e) I m p ro ve m e n t (7 . 3 ). C o n d u cte d by an o rg a n i z a ti o n fo r e ffi c i e n t m an ag em en t an d s e l f-

i m p ro ve m e n t of i ts p ro ce s s . Th i s is co n d u cte d re g a rd l e s s of p ro j e ct or co n tra ct re q u i re m e n ts .

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B.4 Tailoring and application considerations

Th e p a ra g ra p h s in th i s cl a u s e o u tl i n e b ro a d ta i l o ri n g an d a p p l i ca ti o n co n s i d e ra ti o n s fo r key p ro j e c t

ch a ra cte ri s ti cs . N e i th e r th e co n s i d e ra ti o n s n or th e ch a ra cte ri s ti cs a re e xh a u s ti ve an d re p re s e n t on l y

cu rre n t th i n ki n g . F i g u re B. 1 p ro vi d e s an e xa m p l e of th e a p p l i ca ti o n of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd .

O rg a n i z a t i o n a l p o l i c i e s. D e te rm i n e wh i ch o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p o l i ci e s a re re l e va n t an d a p p l i ca b l e , s u ch as

on co m p u te r l an g u ag es, s a fe ty an d s e cu ri ty, h a rd wa re re s e rve re q u i re m e n ts , an d risk m a n a g e m e n t. Th e

cl a u s e s of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd re l a te d to th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p o l i ci e s sh ou l d be ke p t.

Ac q u i s i ti o n s tra te g y. D e te rm i n e wh i ch a cq u i s i t i o n s tra te g i e s a re re l e va n t an d a p p l i ca b l e fo r th e p ro j e c t ,

s u ch as typ e s of co n tra ct, m o re th a n on e co n tra cto r, i n vo l ve m e n t of s u b co n tra cto rs an d v e ri fi c a ti o n an d

v a l i d a ti o n a g e n ts , l e ve l of a cq u i re r' s i n vo l ve m e n t wi th co n tra cto rs , an d e va l u a ti o n of c o n tra c t o rs '

ca p a b i l i ti e s . Th e cl a u s e s of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd re l a te d to th e s e s tra te g i e s sh ou l d be ke p t.

S u p p o rt c o n c e p t. D e te rm i n e wh i ch s u p p o rt co n ce p ts a re re l e va n t an d a p p l i ca b l e , s u ch as e xp e cte d

l e n g th of s u p p o rt, d e g re e of ch a n g e , an d wh e th e r th e a cq u i re r or th e su ppl i er wi l l s u p p o rt. If th e s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct wi l l h a ve a l on g s u p p o rt l i fe or is e xp e cte d to ch a n g e s i g n i fi ca n tl y, al l d o cu m e n ta ti o n

re q u i re m e n ts sh ou l d be co n s i d e re d . It is a d vi s a b l e to h a ve th e d o cu m e n ta ti o n a u to m a te d .

L i fe C ycl e m o d e l ( s ). D e te rm i n e wh i ch l i fe cycl e m od el (s) a re re l e va n t an d a p p l i ca b l e fo r th e p ro j e c t ,

s u ch as Wa te rfa l l , e v o l u ti o n a ry, bu i l d s, p re - p l a n n e d p ro d u ct i m p ro v e m e n t, S p i ra l . Al l s u ch m od el s

p re s cri b e ce rta i n p ro ce s s e s an d a cti vi ti e s th a t m ay be p e rfo rm e d s e q u e n ti a l l y, re p e a te d , an d co m b i n e d ;

in th e s e m od el s, th e l i fe cycl e a cti vi ti e s in th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd sh ou l d be m apped to th e s e l e cte d

m od el (s). For e v o l u ti o n a ry, bu i l d , an d p re - p l a n n e d p ro d u ct i m p ro ve m e n t m od el s, th e o u tp u ts of on e

p ro j e ct a cti vi ty fe e d i n to th e n e xt. In th e s e ca s e s , th e d o cu m e n ta ti o n sh ou l d be co m p l e te at th e en d of

an a cti vi ty or a ta s k.

P a rti e s i n vo l ve d. D e te rm i n e or i d e n ti fy wh i ch p a rti e s a re i n vo l ve d in th e p ro j e ct, s u ch as a c q u i re r,

s u p p l i e r, d e ve l o p e r, s u b co n tra cto r, v e ri fi ca ti o n a g e n t, an d v a l i d a ti o n a g e n t, m a i n ta i n e r; an d th e n u m ber

of p e rs o n n e l . Al l th e re q u i re m e n ts re l a te d to o rg a n i z a t i o n a l i n te rfa ce s b e twe e n two p a rti e s a re u n d er

co n s i d e ra ti o n ; fo r e xa m p l e , a cq u i re r to d e ve l o p e r an d su ppl i er to ve ri fi ca ti o n or va l i d a ti o n a g e n t. A l a rg e

p ro j e ct i n vo l vi n g m an y ( te n s or h u n d re d s ) p e rs o n s n eed s s i g n i fi ca n t m an ag em en t o ve rs i g h t an d c o n t ro l .

To o l s s u ch as i n te rn a l an d i n d epen d en t e va l u a ti o n s , re vi e ws , a u d i ts an d i n s p e cti o n s , an d d a ta co l l e cti o n

a re i m p o rta n t fo r a l a rg e p ro j e ct. For sm al l p ro j e cts , th e s e co n tro l s m ay be e xce s s i ve .

S ys te m l i fe cycl e a c t i v i t y. D e te rm i n e wh i ch cu rre n t sys te m l i fe cycl e a cti v i ti e s a re re l e va n t an d

a p p l i ca b l e , s u ch as a cq u i re r' s p ro j e c t i n i ti a ti o n , s u p p l i e r' s d e v e l o p m e n t, an d m a i n te n a n ce . Som e

s ce n a ri o s :

Acq u i re r is i n i ti a ti n g or d e fi n i n g s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts . F e a s i b i l i ty s tu d i e s an d p ro to typ i n g of re q u i re m e n ts

an d d esi g n m ay be co n d u cte d . S o ftwa re co d e fo r p ro to typ e s m ay be d e ve l o p e d , wh i ch m ay or m ay n ot

be u sed l a te r in th e d e ve l o p m e n t of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts p e rfo rm e d u n d er co n tra ct. S ys te m re q u i re m e n ts

an d p re l i m i n a ry s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts m ay be d e ve l o p e d . In th e s e ca s e s , th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3)

may be u sed as a g u i d a n ce ra th e r th a n re q u i re m e n t; th e ri g o r of q u a l i fi ca ti o n an d e v a l u a ti o n m ay n ot b e

n eed ed ; an d j oi n t re vi e ws an d a u d i ts m ay n ot be n eed ed .

D e ve l o p e r is p ro d u ci n g s o ftwa re p ro d u cts u n d er co n tra ct. In th i s ca s e al l D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3)

re q u i re m e n ts sh ou l d be co n s i d e re d d u ri n g ta i l o ri n g .

M a i n ta i n e r is m o d i fyi n g s o ftwa re p ro d u cts . Th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s (5. 5) is u n d er co n s i d e ra ti o n . P a rts

of th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) m ay be u sed as m i n i - p ro ce s s e s .

S ys te m - L e ve l c h a ra c t e ri s t i c s . D e te rm i n e wh i ch s ys te m - l e ve l ch a ra cte ri s ti cs a re re l e va n t an d a p p l i ca b l e ,

s u ch as n u m ber of su bsystem s an d c o n fi g u ra t i o n i te m s . If th e s ys te m h as m an y su bsystem s or

co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m s , th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) sh ou l d be ca re fu l l y ta i l o re d fo r e a ch su b s ys te m an d

co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m . Al l i n te rfa ce an d i n te g ra ti o n re q u i re m e n ts sh ou l d be co n s i d e re d .

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OTHER INPUTS MODELS & METHODS

TIME ISO/IEC
SOFTWARE
C
LIFE-CYCLE O
M
PROCESSES

MONEY
P
WATERFALL A
STANDARD N
Y

REQUIREMENTS SPIRAL
LEGAL
METHODS
SECURITY
ENVIRONMENT
SAFETY APPLICATION
TAILORING
EVALUATION
CREDENTIALS
(ISO 9001 , ...) TESTING
RESPONSIBILITY MATRIX
ETC.
ORGANIZATION WHAT
CAPABILITY ACQ SUP DEV OPN MNT
WHO

ACQR
QUALITY MANUAL
SUPLR
CONTRACT
DEVR
PROCEDURES
OPER
QUALITY PLAN
MAINTR
PROJECT PLAN

PROJECT INITIATED

Figure B.1 An Example of the Application of the International Standard

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ISO/IEC 1 2207 : 1 995 (E) © I S O /I EC

S o ftwa re - L e ve l c h a r a cte ri s ti cs . D e te rm i n e wh i ch s o ftwa re - l e ve l ch a ra cte ri s ti cs a re re l e va n t an d

a p p l i ca b l e , s u ch as n u m ber of s o ftwa re i te m s , typ e s , s i ze an d c ri t i c a l i t y of s o ftwa re p ro d u cts , an d

te ch n i ca l ri s ks . If th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct h as m an y s o ftwa re i te m s , co m p o n e n ts , an d u n i ts , th e D e ve l o p m e n t

P ro ce s s (5. 3) sh ou l d be ca re fu l l y ta i l o re d fo r e a ch s o ftwa re i te m . Al l i n te rfa ce an d i n t e g ra t i o n

re q u i re m e n ts sh ou l d be co n s i d e re d .

D e te rm i n e wh i ch typ e s of s o ftwa re p ro d u ct a re i n vo l ve d , as d i ffe re n t typ e s of s o ftwa re p ro d u ct m ay re q u i re

d i ffe re n t ta i l o ri n g d e ci s i o n s . S om e e xa m p l e s :

a) N ew d e ve l o p m e n t. Al l of th e re q u i re m e n ts , p a rti cu l a rl y th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3), sh ou l d b e

u n d er co n s i d e ra ti o n .

b) U se of o ff- th e - s h e l f s o ftwa re p ro d u ct "as i s. " Th e fu l l D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) m ay be e xce s s i ve .

P e rfo rm a n ce , d o cu m e n ta ti o n , p ro p ri e ta ry, u sag e, o wn e rs h i p , wa rra n ty an d l i ce n s i n g ri g h ts , an d

fu tu re s u p p o rt re l a te d to th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct sh ou l d be e va l u a te d .

c) M o d i fi ca ti o n of o ff- th e - s h e l f s o ftwa re p ro d u ct. D o cu m e n ta ti o n m ay n ot be a va i l a b l e . Depen d i n g

on th e cri ti ca l i ty an d e xp e cte d fu tu re ch a n g e s , th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) sh ou l d be u sed vi a

th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s ( cl a u s e 5. 5). P e rfo rm a n c e , d o c u m e n t a ti o n , p ro p ri e ta ry, o wn e rs h i p ,

u sag e, wa rra n ty an d l i ce n s i n g ri g h ts , an d fu tu re s u p p o rt re l a te d to th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct sh ou l d b e

e va l u a te d .

d) S o ftwa re or fi rm wa re p ro d u ct em bed d ed in or i n te g ra l to a s ys te m . S i n ce s u ch a s o ftwa re p ro d u c t

is a p a rt of a l a rg e r s ys te m , th e s ys te m - re l a te d a cti vi ti e s in th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) sh ou l d

be co n s i d e re d . In th e s ys te m - re l a te d a cti vi ti e s , on l y on e ve rb " p e rfo rm " or " s u p p o rt" n eed s to b e

s e l e cte d . If th e s o ftwa re or fi rm wa re p ro d u ct is n ot l i ke l y to be m o d i fi e d in th e fu tu re , e xte n t of

d o cu m e n ta ti o n n eed s sh ou l d be ca re fu l l y e xa m i n e d .

e) S o ftwa re p ro d u ct th a t is s ta n d - a l o n e . S i n ce s u ch a s o ftwa re p ro d u ct is n ot a p a rt of a s ys te m , th e

s ys te m - re l a te d a cti vi ti e s in th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) n eed n ot be co n s i d e re d .

D o cu m e n ta ti o n n eed s, p a rti cu l a rl y fo r m a i n te n a n ce , sh ou l d be ca re fu l l y e xa m i n e d .

f) N o n - d e l i v e ra b l e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct. As no i te m s a re bei n g a cq u i re d , su ppl i ed , or d e ve l o p e d , n o

p ro vi s i o n of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd e xce p t 5. 3. 1 . 5 of th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (5. 3) sh ou l d b e

co n s i d e re d . H o we ve r, if th e a cq u i re r d e ci d e s to a cq u i re a p i e ce of s u ch a s o ftwa re p ro d u ct fo r

fu tu re o p e ra ti o n an d m a i n te n a n ce , th e n th i s s o ftwa re p ro d u ct sh ou l d be tre a te d as in b or c

a b o ve .

O th e r c o n s i d e ra t i o n s .

Th e m o re d epen d en t th e syste m is u pon th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct o p e ra ti n g co rre ctl y an d bei n g fi n i s h e d o n

ti m e , th e m o re m an ag em en t co n tro l sh ou l d be i m posed vi a te s ti n g , re vi e ws , a u d i ts , v e ri fi c a t i o n ,

v a l i d a ti o n , an d so on . C o n ve rs e l y, m u ch m an ag em en t c o n t ro l of n o n - c ri ti c a l or sm al l s o ftwa re p ro d u c t

m ay n ot be co s t- e ffe cti ve .

D e ve l o p m e n t of s o ftwa re p ro d u ct m ay h a ve te ch n i ca l ri s ks . If th e s o ftwa re te ch n o l o g y u sed is n ot m a t u re ,

s o ftwa re p ro d u ct bei n g d e ve l o p e d is u n p re ce d e n te d or co m p l e x , or s o ftwa re p ro d u ct co n ta i n s s a fe ty,

s e cu ri ty, or o th e r c ri t i c a l re q u i re m e n ts , th e n ri g o ro u s s p e c i fi c a t i o n , d esi g n , te s ti n g , an d e va l u a ti o n s may

be n eed ed . I n d epen d en t ve ri fi ca ti o n an d va l i d a ti o n m ay be i m p o rta n t.

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Annex C
( i n fo rm a t i v e )

Guidance on processes and organizations

Th i s a n n e x, to p ro m o te u n d e rs ta n d a b i l i ty, p re s e n ts a d i s cu s s i o n on th e p ro ce s s e s , o rg a n i z a ti o n s , an d th e i r

re l a ti o n s h i p s u n d er ke y vi e wp o i n ts .

C.1 Processes under key points of view

Th i s I n te rn a t i o n a l S ta n d a rd co n ta i n s th e p ro ce s s e s th a t a re a p p l i ca b l e th ro u g h o u t th e l i fe cy cl e of

s o ftwa re . H o we ve r, th e s e p ro ce s s e s m ay be u sed in d i ffe re n t ways by d i ffe re n t o rg a n i z a ti o n s an d p a rti e s

wi th d i ffe re n t vi e ws an d o b j e cti ve s . Th i s cl a u s e p re s e n ts th e p ro ce s s e s an d th e i r re l a ti o n s h i p s u n d er key

p o i n ts of vi e w. S ee 4. 1 . 1 fo r s yn o p s e s of th e p ro ce s s e s .

F i g u re C. 1 d e p i cts th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s an d th e i r re l a ti o n s h i p s u n d er d i ffe re n t vi e ws of th e

u sag e of th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd . Th e basi c vi e ws s h o wn a re : co n tra ct, m a n a g e m e n t, o p e ra t i n g ,

e n g i n e e ri n g , an d s u p p o rti n g . U n d er th e co n tra ct vi e w, a cq u i re r an d su ppl i er p a rti e s n e g o ti a te an d e n te r

i n to a co n tra ct an d em pl oy th e Ac q u i s i ti o n P ro ce s s an d S u ppl y P ro ce s s re s p e cti ve l y. U n d er th e

m an ag em en t vi e w, th e a cq u i re r, s u p p l i e r, d e ve l o p e r, o p e ra to r, m a i n ta i n e r, or o th e r p a rty m an ag es i ts

re s p e cti ve p ro ce s s . U n d er th e o p e ra ti n g vi e w, th e o p e ra to r p ro vi d e s s o ftwa re o p e ra ti o n s e rvi ce fo r th e

u s e rs . U n d er th e e n g i n e e ri n g vi e w, th e d e ve l o p e r or m a i n ta i n e r co n d u cts i ts re s p e cti ve e n g i n e e ri n g tasks

to p ro d u ce or m o d i fy s o ftwa re p ro d u cts . U n d er th e s u p p o rti n g vi e w, p a rti e s ( s u ch as c o n fi g u r a t i o n

m a n a g e m e n t, q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce ) p ro vi d e s u p p o rti n g s e rvi ce s to o th e rs in fu l fi l l i n g s p e c i fi c , unique tasks.

Al s o s h o wn (see th e b o tto m b o x) a re th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p ro ce s s e s ; th e s e a re e m p l o ye d by an o rg a n i z a t i o n

at th e co rp o ra te l e ve l to e s ta b l i s h an d i m pl em en t an u n d e rl yi n g s tru ctu re m ad e up of a s s o ci a te d l i fe

cycl e p ro ce s s ( e s ) an d p e rs o n n e l an d co n ti n u o u s l y i m p ro ve th e m .

F i g u re C. 2 p re s e n ts th e p ri m a ry ( to p , l e ft b o x) , s u p p o rti n g ( to p , ri g h t b o x) , an d o rg a n i z a t i o n a l ( b o tto m b o x)

l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s an d th e i r co n s ti tu e n t a cti v i ty n am es u n d er d i ffe re n t vi e ws . A n u m e ra l p re fi xe d to a

p ro ce s s re fe rs to th e s e cti o n n u m ber in th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd .

Th e co n tra ct vi e w h as two l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s (s e e th e u pper sh ad ed box u n d er th e P ri m a ry L i fe C ycl e

P ro ce s s e s ) : an Acq u i s i ti o n P ro ce s s fo r th e a cq u i re r an d a Su ppl y P ro ce s s fo r th e s u p p l i e r. E a ch p ro ce s s

sh ows i ts co n s ti tu e n t a cti v i ti e s . Th e s e p ro ce s s e s d e fi n e th e tasks fo r th e a cq u i re r an d th e su ppl i er

re s p e cti ve l y fro m th e co n tra ctu a l vi e wp o i n t.

Th e e n g i n e e ri n g vi e w h as two l i fe cy cl e p ro ce s s e s (s e e th e l o we r, l e ft- b o tto m sh ad ed box in th e P ri m a ry

L i fe C ycl e P ro ce s s ) : a D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s an d a M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s . E a ch p ro ce s s sh ows i ts

co n s ti tu e n t a cti v i ti e s . Th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s is e m p l o ye d by d e ve l o p m e n t e n g i n e e rs fo r p ro d u c i n g

s o ftwa re p ro d u cts . Th e M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s is e m p l o ye d by m a i n te n a n ce e n g i n e e rs fo r m o d i fy i n g th e

s o ftwa re an d ke e p i n g it cu rre n t.

Th e o p e ra ti n g vi e w h as on e l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s (see th e l o we r, ri g h t sh ad ed box in th e P ri m a ry L i fe C ycl e

P ro ce s s ) : an O p e ra ti o n P ro ce s s an d i ts co n s ti tu e n t a cti v i ti e s . Th e O p e ra ti o n P ro ce s s is e m p l o ye d fo r

o p e ra ti n g th e s o ftwa re fo r i ts u s e rs .

Th e q u a l i ty m an ag em en t vi e w h as si x l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s (s e e th e sh ad ed box in S u p p o rti n g L i fe C ycl e

P ro ce s s e s ) : Q u a l i ty As s u ra n ce P ro ce s s ; Ve ri fi c a t i o n P ro ce s s ; Va l i d a ti o n P ro ce s s ; J oi n t Re vi e w P ro ce s s ;

an d Au d i t P ro ce s s . Th e i r co n s ti tu e n t a cti vi ti e s a re n ot s h o wn . Th e s e q u a l i ty re l a te d p ro ce s s e s a re

e m p l o ye d fo r m an ag i n g q u a l i ty th ro u g h o u t th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e . Th e Ve ri fi c a t i o n ; Va l i d a ti o n ; J oin t

Re vi e w; an d Au d i t p ro ce s s e s m ay be e m p l o ye d by d i ffe re n t p a rti e s s e p a ra te l y an d as te ch n i q u e s of th e

Q u a l i ty As s u ra n ce P ro ce s s as we l l .

Th e m an ag em en t vi e w h as on e p ro ce s s (see th e sh ad ed box in O rg a n i z a ti o n a l L i fe C ycl e P ro ce s s e s ) : a

M an ag em en t P ro ce s s th a t is u sed by an y o rg a n i z a ti o n fo r m an ag i n g i ts re s p e cti ve p ro ce s s . I ts co n s ti tu e n t

a cti vi ti e s a re s h o wn .

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employ Acquisition Supply CONTRACT VIEW ¥ Acquirer

Process Contract Process ¥ Supplier

employ

employ MANAGEMENT VIEW

Management Process Manager

employ employ employ

employ
OPERATING VIEW Operator,
Operation Process
User

employ

employ Maintenance employ Development ENGINEERING VIEW ¥ Developer

Process Process ¥ Maintainer

Supporting Processes
¥ Quality assurance SUPPORTING VIEW Employer
¥ Documentation ¥ Verification of
Supporting
¥ Configuration management ¥ Validation Processes
¥ Problem resolution ¥ Joint review
¥ Audit

Organizational Processes
¥ Infrastructure ¥ Improvement ¥ Training

Figure C.1 Software Life-Cycle Processes -- Roles and Relationships

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© I S O /I EC ISO/IEC 1 2207 : 1 995 (E)

5. PRIMARY LIFE-CYCLE PROCESSES 6. SUPPORTING

CONTRACT VIEW LIFE-CYCLE
PROCESSES
5.1 Acquisition Process
6.1 Documentation
Request-for-proposal Contract preparation Supplier Acceptance process
Initiation
Preparation and update Monitoring and completion
6.2 Configuration
management
5.2 Supply Process
Preparation Execution Review and Delivery and QUALITY MANAGEMENT VIEW
Initiation Contract Planning
of response and control evaluation completion
6.3 Quality
assurance
process
ENGINEERING VIEW OPERATING VIEW
6.4 Verification
5.4 Operation Process process
5.3 Development Process
Process Operational
implementation testing
Process Software Software 6.5 Validation
implementation installation acceptance
support System User process
operation support

System System System System

requirements architectural integration qualification 6.6 Joint review
analysis design testing process
5.5 Maintenance Process
Software Software Software Software Software Process Problem and
requirements architectural detailed integration qualification implementation modification
analysis design design testing analysis 6.7 Audit process
Modification Maintenance
implementation review/
Software acceptance
coding and testing Software 6.8 Problem
Migration retirement resolution
process

7. ORGANIZATIONAL LIFE-CYCLE PROCESSES

MANAGEMENT VIEW 7.2 Infrastructure Process 7.4 Training Process
7.1 Management Process
Initiation and
scope definition
Planning 7.3 Improvement Process
Execution Review and Process Process Process
and control evaluation Closure establishment assessment improvement

The position order of activities does not mean time order.

Names of activities in the Development Process are not names of development phases.

Figure C.2 Software Life-Cycle Processes, Views and Activities

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C.2 Processes, organizations, and relationships

Th e p ro ce s s e s an d o rg a n i z a ti o n s (or p a rti e s ) a re on l y re l a te d fu n cti o n a l l y. Th e y do n ot d i cta te a s tru ctu re

fo r an o rg a n i z a ti o n (or a p a rty) .

In th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd , th e te rm s " o rg a n i z a ti o n " an d " p a rty" a re nearly s yn o n ym o u s . An

o rg a n i z a ti o n is a bod y of p e rs o n s o rg a n i z e d fo r som e s p e ci fi c p u rp o s e , as a cl u b , u n i on , co rp o ra ti o n , or

s o ci e ty. Wh e n an o rg a n i z a ti o n , as a wh o l e or a p a rt, e n te rs i n to a co n tra ct, it is a p a rty. O rg a n i z a t i o n s

a re s e p a ra te bod i es, bu t th e p a rti e s m ay be fro m th e sam e o rg a n i z a ti o n or fro m s e p a ra te o rg a n i z a ti o n s .

An o rg a n i z a ti o n or a p a rty g e ts i ts n am e fro m th e p ro ce s s it p e rfo rm s ; fo r e xa m p l e , it is ca l l e d an a c q u i re r

wh e n it p e rfo rm s th e Acq u i s i ti o n P ro ce s s .

An o rg a n i z a ti o n m ay p e rfo rm on e p ro ce s s or m o re th a n on e p ro ce s s ; a p ro ce s s m ay be p e rfo rm e d by on e

o rg a n i z a ti o n or m o re th a n on e o rg a n i z a ti o n . Under one contract or application of this International

Standard, a g i ve n p a rty sh ou l d n ot p e rfo rm b o th th e Ac q u i s i ti o n P ro ce s s an d th e Su ppl y P ro ce s s , bu t i t

ca n p e rfo rm o th e r p ro ce s s e s .

In th i s I n te rn a t i o n a l S ta n d a rd i ts e l f, th e re l a ti o n s h i p s b e twe e n th e p ro ce s s e s a re on l y s ta ti c. Th e m o re

i m p o rta n t d yn a m i c, re a l - l i fe re l a ti o n s h i p s b e twe e n th e p ro ce s s e s , b e twe e n th e p a rti e s , an d b e twe e n th e

p ro ce s s e s an d th e p a rti e s a re a u to m a ti ca l l y e s ta b l i s h e d wh e n th i s I n t e rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd is appl i ed on

s o ftwa re p ro j e cts . E a ch p ro ce s s (an d th e p a rty p e rfo rm i n g i t) co n tri b u te s to th e s o ftwa re p ro j e ct in i ts o wn

unique wa y. Th e Acq u i s i ti o n P ro ce s s (an d th e a cq u i re r) co n tri b u te s by d e fi n i n g th e s ys te m , wh i ch wo u l d

co n ta i n s o ftwa re p ro d u ct. Th e Su ppl y P ro ce s s (an d th e s u p p l i e r) co n tri b u te s by p ro vi d i n g th e s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce on wh i ch th a t syste m wo u l d d epen d . Th e D e ve l o p m e n t P ro ce s s (an d th e d e v e l o p e r)

co n tri b u te s by " l o o ki n g " to th e syste m fo r co rre ct d e ri va ti o n an d d e fi n i t i o n of s o ftwa re p ro d u ct, by

s u p p o rti n g p ro p e r i n te g ra ti o n of th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct b a ck i n to th e s ys te m , an d by d e ve l o p i n g th e s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct in b e twe e n . Th e O p e ra ti o n P ro ce s s (an d th e o p e ra to r) co n tri b u te s by o p e ra ti n g th e s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct in th e system 's e n v i ro n m e n t fo r th e b e n e fi t of th e u sers, th e bu si n ess, an d th e m i ssi on . Th e

M a i n te n a n ce P ro ce s s (an d th e m a i n ta i n e r) co n tri b u te s by m a i n ta i n i n g an d s u s ta i n i n g th e s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct fo r o p e ra ti o n a l fi tn e s s an d by p ro v i d i n g s u p p o rt an d a d v i ce to th e u se r co m m u n i ty. E a ch

s u p p o rti n g or o rg a n i z a t i o n a l p ro ce s s co n tri b u te s by p ro v i d i n g u n i q u e, s p e ci a l i z e d fu n cti o n s to o th e r

p ro ce s s e s as n eed ed .

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Annex D
( i n fo rm a t i v e )

Bibliography
I S O /I E C 1 21 1 9: 1 994, Information technologyÑSoftware packagesÑQuality requirements and testing .

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Annex E
( i n fo rm a t i v e )

Basic concepts of ISO/IEC 1 2207

Th i s an n ex e xp l a i n s th e co n ce p ts u pon wh i ch I S O /I E C 1 2207 was o ri g i n a l l y d e ve l o p e d . Th e i n fo r m a t i o n

in th i s an n ex is i n te n d e d as an ai d in u n d e rs ta n d i n g th i s s ta n d a rd .

E.1 Software life cycle architecture

Th i s s ta n d a rd e s ta b l i s h e s a fra m e wo rk fo r th e l i fe cycl e of s o ftwa re . Th e l i fe cycl e beg i n s wi th an i d ea or a

n eed th a t ca n be s a ti s fi e d wh o l l y or p a rtl y by s o ftwa re an d en d s wi th th e re ti re m e n t of th e s o ftwa re . Th e

a rc h i te ctu re is bu i l t wi th a set of p ro ce s s e s an d i n te rre l a ti o n s h i p s am on g th e s e p ro ce s s e s . Th e

d e te rm i n a ti o n of th e l i fe cy cl e p ro ce s s e s is based u pon two basi c p ri n ci p l e s : m o d u l a ri ty an d

re s p o n s i b i l i t y .

E.1 .1 Modularity
Th e l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s a re co h e s i ve an d co u p l e d to th e o p ti m u m e xte n t d eem ed p ra cti ca l an d fe a s i b l e .

E.1 .2 Responsibility
A p ro ce s s is p l a ce d u n d er th e re s p o n s i b i l i ty of an o rg a n i z a ti o n or a p a rty in th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e .

E.2 Life cycle processes

Th e l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s a re g ro u p e d i n to th re e b ro a d cl a s s e s : p ri m a ry, s u p p o rti n g , an d o rg a n i z a t i o n a l .

P ri m a ry p ro ce s s e s a re a cq u i s i ti o n , s u p p l y, d e v e l o p m e n t, o p e ra ti o n , an d m a i n te n a n ce . S u p p o rt i n g

p ro ce s s e s a re d o c u m e n ta ti o n , c o n fi g u ra ti o n m a n a g e m e n t, q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce , j oi n t re vi e w, a u d i t,

v e ri fi c a ti o n , va l i d a ti o n , an d p ro b l e m re s o l u ti o n . O rg a n i z a t i o n a l p ro ce s s e s a re m a n a g e m e n t,

i n fra s tru ctu re , i m p ro ve m e n t, an d tra i n i n g . An o rg a n i z a ti o n m ay em pl oy an o rg a n i z a t i o n a l p ro ce s s to

e s ta b l i s h , co n tro l , an d i m p ro ve a l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s . Th e l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s a re s h o wn in fi g u re E. 1 . Th e

Ta i l o ri n g p ro ce s s , e ve n th o u g h n ot a l i fe cy cl e p ro ce s s , is s h o wn fo r co m p l e te n e s s ; it m ay be appl i ed to

an y (or al l ) of th e p ro ce s s e s in th i s s ta n d a rd .

ACQUISITION
SUPPLY
DEVELOPMENT
OPERATION
MAINTENANCE
PRIMARY
LIFE CYCLE
SUPPORTING
DOCUMENTATION
CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT
QUALITY ASSURANCE
VERIFICATION
VALIDATION
JOINT REVIEW
AUDIT
PROBLEM RESOLUTION

ORGANIZATIONAL
MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
IMPROVEMENT
TRAINING

TAILORING

Figure E.1 The life cycle processes tree

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E.3 Structure of a life cycle process
E a ch p ro ce s s is fu rth e r d e s cri b e d in te rm s of i ts o wn co n s ti tu e n t a cti v i ti e s , e a ch of wh i ch is fu rth e r

d e s cri b e d in te rm s of i ts co n s ti tu e n t ta s ks . An a cti vi ty u n d er a p ro ce s s is a set of co h e s i ve ta s ks .

E.4 Nature of a task

A task is e xp re s s e d in th e fo rm of s e l f- d e cl a ra ti o n , re q u i re m e n t, re co m m e n d a ti o n , or p e rm i s s i b l e a cti o n .

For th i s p u rp o s e , th i s s ta n d a rd ca re fu l l y e m p l o ys ce rta i n a u xi l i a ry ve rb s ( wi l l , sh al l , sh ou l d , an d m a y) to

d i ffe re n ti a te b e twe e n th e d i s ti n ct fo rm s of a ta s k. " Wi l l " is u sed to express a s e l f- d e cl a ra ti o n of p u rp o s e or

i n te n t by on e p a rty, "sh al l " to e xp re s s a bi n d i n g p ro vi s i o n b e twe e n two or m o re p a rti e s , "sh ou l d " to express

a re co m m e n d a ti o n am on g o th e r p o s s i b i l i ti e s , an d " m a y" to i n d i ca te a co u rs e of a cti o n p e rm i s s i b l e wi th i n

th e l i m i ts of th i s s ta n d a rd .

E.5 Nature of evaluation

In th i s s ta n d a rd , e v a l u a ti o n is an e l e m e n ta ry task th a t is u sed in man y a cti vi ti e s . E va l u a ti o n s a re

co n d u cte d on e n ti ti e s wi th g i ve n p u rp o s e s ag ai n st g i ve n cri te ri a . E xa m p l e s of an e n ti ty i n cl u d e a p ro ce s s ,

an a cti vi ty, a ta s k, a pl an , an a g re e m e n t, a re p o rt, d a ta , i n fo rm a ti o n , or a p ro d u ct. E xa m p l e s of a p u rp o s e

i n cl u d e re vi e w, a u d i t, ve ri fy, va l i d a te , a s s u re , or i m p ro ve . E xa m p l e s of a cri te ri o n i n cl u d e : t ra c e a b i l i t y of

d esi g n to re q u i re m e n ts , or co rre ctn e s s of d esi g n .

E.6 Total quality management

Th i s s ta n d a rd is co n s i s te n t wi th to ta l q u a l i ty m an ag em en t p ri n ci p l e s .

Th i s s ta n d a rd tre a ts al l a cti vi ti e s re l a te d to q u a l i ty as an i n te g ra l p a rt of th e s o ftwa re l i fe c ycl e . Th u s ,

q u a l i ty is co n s i d e re d fro m th e o u ts e t.

Th e q u a l i ty- re l a te d a cti vi ti e s in th e l i fe cycl e a re a p p ro p ri a te d to e a ch p ro ce s s . E a ch p ri m a ry p ro ce s s is

eq u i pped wi th a b u i l t- i n " p l a n - d o - c h e ck- a c t" (P D C A) cy cl e . Th u s , e a ch p ro ce s s an d th e p e rs o n n e l

re s p o n s i b l e fo r p e rfo rm i n g th e p ro ce s s a re assi g n ed th e i r g e rm a n e p ro ce s s - i n te rn a l q u a l i t y - re l a t e d

a c ti v i t i e s , i n cl u d i n g e va l u a ti o n s .

Th e Q u a l i ty As s u ra n ce p ro ce s s is d e d i c a te d to a s s u ri n g co n fo rm i ty of p ro d u cts an d s e rvi ce s wi th th e i r

s p e ci fi e d re q u i re m e n ts . Th o s e re s p o n s i b l e fo r th i s p ro ce s s a re p ro vi d e d wi th th e o rg a n i z a t i o n a l fre e d o m

an d a u th o ri ty to e ffe ct th e co n fo rm i ty. O rg a n i z a ti o n a l fre e d o m re q u i re s i n d e p e n d e n ce fro m th e on e wh o

h as th e d i re ct m an ag em en t re s p o n s i b i l i ty fo r p ro d u ci n g th e p ro d u ct or p ro vi d i n g th e s e rvi ce ; wh i l e

a u th o ri ty m ean s h a vi n g th e a u th o ri ty to i n i ti a te e va l u a ti o n s an d re l a te d co rre cti ve a cti o n s .

Th i s s ta n d a rd p ro vi d e s an i m p ro ve m e n t p ro ce s s fo r m an ag i n g , co n tro l l i n g , an d i m p ro vi n g th e e s ta b l i s h e d

p ro ce s s e s an d th e i r p e rfo rm a n ce .

E.7 Link between system and software

Th i s s ta n d a rd e s ta b l i s h e s a s tro n g link b e twe e n a syste m an d i ts s o ftwa re . It is based u pon th e g e n e ra l

p ri n ci p l e s of syste m e n g i n e e ri n g . Th e basi c co m p o n e n ts of syste m e n g i n e e ri n g (e. g . , a n a l ys i s , d esi g n ,

fa b ri ca ti o n , e v a l u a ti o n , te s ti n g , i n te g ra ti o n , m a n u fa c tu ri n g , an d s to ra g e /d i s tri b u ti o n ) fo rm th e fo u n d a t i o n

fo r s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g in th e s ta n d a rd .

Th i s s ta n d a rd p ro vi d e s th e minimum s ys te m co n te xt fo r s o ftwa re . S o ftwa re is tre a te d as an i n te g ra l p a rt of

th e to ta l system an d p e rfo rm s ce rta i n fu n cti o n s in th a t s ys te m . Th i s is i m p l e m e n te d by e xt ra c ti n g th e

s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts fro m th e s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts an d d esi g n , p ro d u ci n g th e s o ftwa re , an d i n te g ra ti n g i t

i n to th e s ys te m .

E.8 Organization and party

In th i s s ta n d a rd , th e te rm s " o rg a n i z a ti o n " an d " p a rty" a re n e a rl y s yn o n ym o u s . An o rg a n i z a ti o n is a bod y of

p e rs o n s o rg a n i z e d fo r som e s p e ci fi c p u rp o s e , s u ch as a cl u b , u n i on , co rp o ra ti o n , or s o ci e ty. Wh e n a n

o rg a n i z a ti o n , as a wh o l e or a p a rt, e n te rs i n to an a g re e m e n t, it is a p a rty. O rg a n i z a ti o n s a re s e p a ra te

bod i es, bu t th e p a rti e s may be fro m th e sam e o rg a n i z a ti o n or fro m s e p a ra te o rg a n i z a ti o n s .

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An o rg a n i z a ti o n or a p a rty d e ri ve s i ts n am e fro m th e p ro ce s s fo r wh i ch it is re s p o n s i b l e . For e xa m p l e , it is

ca l l e d an a cq u i re r wh e n it p e rfo rm s th e Acq u i s i ti o n p ro ce s s .

E.9 Applicability to organizations

Th e p ro ce s s e s in th i s s ta n d a rd fo rm a co m p re h e n s i v e set to s e rve va ri o u s o rg a n i z a ti o n s . An o rg a n i z a t i o n ,

sm al l or l a rg e , d epen d i n g on i ts bu si n ess p u rp o s e or i ts a cq u i s i ti o n s tra te g y, ca n s e l e ct an a p p ro p ri a te set

of th e p ro ce s s e s (an d a s s o ci a te d a cti vi ti e s an d tasks) to fu l fi l l th a t p u rp o s e . An o rg a n i z a t i o n m ay p e rfo rm

on e p ro ce s s or m o re th a n on e p ro ce s s . U n d er on e co n t ra c t or a p p l i ca ti o n of th i s s ta n d a rd , a g i ve n p a rty

sh ou l d n ot p e rfo rm b o th th e Ac q u i s i ti o n p ro ce s s an d th e Su ppl y p ro ce s s , b u t, it ca n p e rfo rm o th e r

p ro ce s s e s . A p ro ce s s may be p e rfo rm e d by on e o rg a n i z a ti o n or m o re th a n on e o rg a n i z a ti o n . An e xa m p l e

of a p ro ce s s p e rfo rm e d by m o re th a n on e o rg a n i z a ti o n is th e J oi n t Re vi e w p ro ce s s .

Th i s s ta n d a rd is i n te n d e d to be appl i ed by an o rg a n i z a t i o n i n te rn a l l y or co n tra c tu a l l y by two or m o re

o rg a n i z a ti o n s . In o rd e r to fa ci l i ta te a p p l i ca ti o n of th i s s ta n d a rd e i th e r i n te rn a l l y or c o n tra c t u a l l y , th e tasks

a re e xp re s s e d in co n t ra c tu a l l an g u ag e. Wh e n appl i ed i n te rn a l l y, th e co n t ra c tu a l l an g u ag e is to b e

i n te rp re te d as a s e l f- i m p o s e d ta s k.

E.1 0 Applicability to projects

Th i s s ta n d a rd is wri tte n fo r a g e n e ra l , l a rg e , an d co m p l e x s o ftwa re p ro j e ct. Th i s s ta n d a rd is d esi g n ed to b e

ta i l o re d or a d a p te d fo r a s o ftwa re p ro j e ct of l e ss er s i ze or co m p l e x i t y . It is al so d esi g n ed to be u sed

wh e th e r th e s o ftwa re is a s ta n d - a l o n e e n ti ty, or an em bed d ed or i n te g ra l p a rt of a p a re n t s ys te m .

On th e sam e p ro j e ct, th i s s ta n d a rd m ay be appl i ed m o re th a n o n ce . For e xa m p l e , in a g i ve n s o ftwa re

d e ve l o p m e n t p ro j e ct, an a cq u i re r ta s ks a su ppl i er to p e rfo rm s o ftwa re d e ve l o p m e n t; an d th e su ppl i er tasks

i ts s u b co n tra cto r to p e rfo rm al l or p a rts of th e s o ftwa re d e v e l o p m e n t. In th e fo rm e r, th e a cq u i re r an d th e

su ppl i er e xe cu te on e a p p l i ca ti o n of th e s ta n d a rd . In th e l a tte r, th e su ppl i er (as an a cq u i re r) an d i ts

s u b co n tra cto r (as a s u p p l i e r) e xe cu te a s e p a ra te a p p l i ca ti o n of th i s s ta n d a rd .

E.1 1 Responsiveness to evolving technologies

Th i s s ta n d a rd is i n te n d e d to be re s p o n s i ve to th e ra p i d l y e vo l vi n g s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g d i s ci p l i n e . F ro m a

to p - l e v e l vi e wp o i n t, th e a cti v i ti e s an d tasks of a s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s a re " wh a t- to - d o " i te m s , n ot

" h o w- to - d o " i te m s . In o th e r wo rd s , a task might be " d e ve l o p an a rch i te c tu ra l d esi g n , " bu t n ot " d e ve l o p

a rch i te ctu ra l d esi g n by u si n g th e to p - d o wn , fu n cti o n a l - d e s i g n m e th o d . " Th i s s ch e m e p ro vi d e s an a c q u i re r

an a ve n u e to s p e ci fy an en d p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce an d , at th e sam e ti m e , a l l o ws th e su ppl i er to be c re a t i v e

an d to em pl oy a p p ro p ri a te m e th o d s , te ch n i q u e s , an d to o l s to p ro d u ce th e p ro d u ct or p ro vi d e th e s e rvi ce .

Th i s s ta n d a rd is fl e xi b l e an d u sabl e wi th an y l i fe cyc l e m od el (e. g . , Wa te rfa l l , I n c re m e n t a l , E v o l u t i o n a ry ,

S p i ra l ) ; an y s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g m e th o d (e. g . , o b j e ct - o ri e n te d d esi g n , s tru ctu re d co d i n g , to p - d o wn

te s ti n g ) ; or an y p ro g ra m m i n g l an g u ag e (e. g . , F o u rth G e n e ra ti o n , Ad a , As s e m b l y) . Th e m od el s, m e th o d s ,

an d l an g u ag es a re d epen d en t u pon th e s o ftwa re p ro j e ct an d s ta te - o f- th e - a rt te c h n o l o g y , an d th e i r

s e l e cti o n is l e ft to th e u ser of th i s s ta n d a rd .

Th i s s ta n d a rd is a d a p ta b l e by a bu si n ess s e cto r (e. g . , m i l i t a ry , c o m m e rc i a l , a u t o m o ti v e , a i rl i n e ) or an y

n a ti o n a l or o rg a n i z a ti o n a l c u l tu re .

E.1 2 Non-prescription of events and milestones

In th i s s ta n d a rd , th e p ro ce s s e s an d th e i r a cti vi ti e s an d tasks a re a rra n g e d in a s e q u e n ce s u i ta b l e fo r

e xp o s i ti o n . Th i s p o s i ti o n a l s e q u e n ce d oes n ot p re s cri b e or d i c ta te an y ti m e - d e p e n d e n t s e q u e n ce . For

l a ck of co n s e n s u s on or u se of a u n i ve rs a l ti m e - d e p e n d e n t s e q u e n ce , th e u se r of th i s s ta n d a rd m ay s e l e ct

an d o rd e r th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks as a p p ro p ri a te an d e ffe cti v e . Th i s s ta n d a rd e n c o u ra g e s

i te ra ti o n am on g th e a cti vi ti e s an d re cu rs i o n wi th i n an a cti vi ty to o ffs e t th e e ffe cts of an y i m pl i ed

s e q u e n ce of a cti vi ti e s an d tasks. Th e p a rti e s of th i s s ta n d a rd a re re s p o n s i b l e fo r s e l e cti n g a l i fe cycl e

m od el fo r th e p ro j e ct an d m appi n g th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s , an d ta s ks o n to th a t m od el .

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E.1 3 Documentation of outputs
Th i s s ta n d a rd re q u i re s th e d o c u m e n t a ti o n of c e rt a i n o u tp u ts , bu t it d oes n ot s p e ci fy fo rm a t, co n te n t, or

m ed i a of th e d o cu m e n ts , th a t is l e ft fo r th e a g re e m e n t b e twe e n th e a cq u i re r an d th e s u p p l i e r. An

o rg a n i z a ti o n m ay u se i ts e xi s ti n g d o cu m e n ta ti o n sets or s ta n d a rd s wi th th i s s ta n d a rd by e s ta b l i s h i n g th e

co rre l a ti o n b e twe e n th e ca l l s fo r d o cu m e n ta ti o n in th i s s ta n d a rd an d th e o rg a n i z a ti o n Õ s d o cu m e n ta ti o n

s ta n d a rd s . Th i s s ta n d a rd p ro vi d e s a D o cu m e n ta ti o n p ro ce s s wh i ch a l l o ws th e p a rty or p a rti e s to pl an ,

d esi g n , d e ve l o p , p ro d u ce , e d i t, d i s tri b u te , an d m a i n ta i n n eed ed d o cu m e n ts . I E E E /E I A P1 2207. 1 p ro vi d e s

g u i d a n ce on d o cu m e n ta ti o n of l i fe cycl e d a ta .

E.1 4 Baselining
Th i s s ta n d a rd d i ffe re n ti a te s b e twe e n " c o n fi g u ra t i o n i te m s " an d " i te m s of h a rd wa re an d s o ftwa re . " Th e

i n te n t of th i s s ta n d a rd is to a p p ro p ri a te l y co n tro l re q u i re m e n ts , d esi g n , an d co d e a s s o ci a te d wi th b o th

" i te m s of s o ftwa re " an d " s o ftwa re co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m s . " Th e a p p l i ca ti o n of th e C o n fi g u ra ti o n M an ag emen t

p ro ce s s appl i es to b o th e l e m e n ts , b u t, fo r " s o ftwa re c o n fi g u ra t i o n i te m s " : (1 ) th e ti m e at wh i ch th e y a re

e s ta b l i s h e d m ay be m u ch l a te r in th e p ro j e ct; (2 ) th e fo rm a l i ty of i d e n t i fi c a t i o n , co n tro l , sta tu s

a cco u n ti n g , an d e v a l u a ti o n may be m o re ri g i d ; an d (3) th e a p p ro va l p ro ce s s to m o d i fy m ay be m o re

re s tri cti ve . Ac c o rd i n g to th i s s ta n d a rd , s o ftwa re an d h a rd wa re c o n fi g u ra t i o n i te m s sh al l be e s ta b l i s h e d

p ri o r to s ys te m i n te g ra ti o n .

Th i s s ta n d a rd al so d e fi n e s "basel i n e" as a fo rm a l l y a p p ro ve d ve rs i o n of a co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m , re g a rd l e s s of

m ed i a, fo rm a l l y d e s i g n a te d an d fi xe d at a s p e ci fi c ti m e d u ri n g th e c o n fi g u ra t i o n i te m Õ s l i fe cy cl e . Th e

i n te n t is to e s ta b l i s h an d basel i n e co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m s at th e a p p ro p ri a te ti m e as p a rt of th e D e ve l o p m e n t

p ro ce s s (an d th e M a i n te n a n ce p ro ce s s ) , n ot th e C o n fi g u ra ti o n M an ag em en t p ro ce s s .

E.1 5 Software metrics

Th i s s ta n d a rd is n ot a s o ftwa re m e tri cs s ta n d a rd . Th i s s ta n d a rd re q u i re s s p e c i fi c a t i o n of man ag emen t

i n d i ca to rs ( s u ch as co s t e xp e n d i tu re ) an d s o ftwa re a ttri b u te s (e. g . , re l i a b i l i t y , m a i n ta i n a b i l i ty) , bu t it d oes

n ot d e fi n e or p re s cri b e th e m . Th i s s ta n d a rd re fe re n ce s I S O /I E C 91 26 fo r g u i d a n ce on s o ftwa re q u a l i ty

ch a ra cte ri s ti cs . D e ta i l e d s p e ci fi ca ti o n s of m an ag em en t i n d i ca to rs an d s o ftwa re a ttri b u te s a re l e ft to th e

u s e rs o f th i s s ta n d a rd .

E.1 6 Certification to this standard

Th i s s ta n d a rd d oes n ot a d d re s s ce rt i fi c a t i o n of an o rg a n i z a t i o n to th e l i fe cy cl e p ro ce s s e s , n or d oes i t

d e fi n e an y ce rti fi c a ti o n c ri te ri a .

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E.1 7 Processes and their interactions

F i g u re E. 2 d e p i cts th e p ro ce s s e s an d th e i r i n te ra cti o n s .

ORGANIZATION
MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE TRAINING IMPROVEMENT

M F
PROJECT

OPERATION
F F F E: 3 F

O ACQUISITION SUPPLY MAINTENANCE O

U: 4 T U: 4 E E: 2,3
P JOINT E E: ACQ E U
REVIEW
E: 3 T: SUB

U E P E QA DEVELOPMENT
E: 3
AU D I T

E: 3
E: 1,2,3
(T)E (I)V&V E V&V
E: 3 E: 3

1 E 2 3 4
DOCUMENTATION CM PROBLEM TAILORING
RESOLUTION
O: THE SAME POINTS, ACQ: ACQUISITION, SUB: SUBCONTRACTOR
E: EXECUTE, F: FEEDBACK, M: MANAGE, P: PARTICIPATE, T: TASK; U: USE PDCA

Figure E.2 The processes and their interactions

E.1 8 Limitations
Th i s s ta n d a rd is n ot a s u b s ti tu te fo r s ys te m a ti c, d i s ci p l i n e d m an ag em en t an d e n g i n e e ri n g of s o ftwa re

system s. Th i s s ta n d a rd m e re l y p ro vi d e s a fra m e wo rk wh e re th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks re l a te d to

s o ftwa re ca n be re a s o n a b l y i d e n ti fi e d , pl an n ed , an d a cte d u pon .

Th i s s ta n d a rd co n ta i n s on l y a set of we l l - d e fi n e d bu i l d i n g b l o cks (p ro ce ss e s) ; th e u se r of th i s s ta n d a rd

sh ou l d s e l e ct, ta i l o r, an d a sse m bl e th o s e p ro ce s s e s an d th e i r a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks th a t a re co s t- e ffe cti ve fo r

th e o rg a n i z a ti o n an d th e p ro j e ct.

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E.1 9 Prerequisites to using this standard
Th i s s ta n d a rd co ve rs th e fu l l l i fe cycl e of a s o ftwa re s ys tem an d ca te rs to d i ve rs e , i n d epen d en t p a rti e s i n

th e l i fe cy c l e . It i n te g ra te s o rg a n i z a ti o n a l an d co n tra c t u a l tasks an d re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s as re l a te d to th e

p ro ce s s e s . Th i s s ta n d a rd re co g n i z e s th a t th e o b j e cti ve s of d i ffe re n t l i fe cy cl e ph ases an d a ffe cte d p a rti e s

d i ffe r an d s o m e ti m e s c o n fl i c t . T h e re fo re , th e i n te n t of th i s s ta n d a rd is to re q u i re al l a ffe cte d p a rti e s to

( 1 ) Ê p e rfo rm i d e n ti fi e d a c ti v i t i e s an d tasks, an d (2 ) cl e a rl y a rti cu l a te e xp e cta ti o n s fro m o th e r p a rti e s

( e . g . , Ê a cq u i re rÕ s e xp e cta ti o n s of s u p p l i e r) . Wh e n co n fl i cts a ri s e , th e s ta n d a rd i n te n d s fo r th e p a rti e s to

re s o l ve th e m . Th i s s ta n d a rd is i n te n d e d to be u sed wi th i n th e co n te xt of an o rg a n i z a ti o n Õ s o b j e cti ve s an d

e a ch p ro j e ctÕ s n eed s. For e ffe cti ve an d p ro d u cti ve u se of th i s s ta n d a rd , th e fo l l o wi n g p re re q u i s i te s (i n th e

g i ve n o rd e r) sh ou l d be m e t:

a) T ra i n e d p e rs o n n e l ;

b) F a m i l i a ri ty wi th th e o rg a n i z a ti o n ' s p o l i ci e s ;

c) F a m i l i a ri ty wi th th e p ro j e ct' s e n vi ro n m e n t;

d) An u n d e rs ta n d i n g of th e u se of th e s ta n d a rd .

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Annex F
( n o rm a ti v e )

Compliance
In a cco rd a n ce wi th cl a u s e 1 . 4, p a ra g ra p h 2, of th e I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd , th e U . S. d e fi n e s co m p l i a n ce

wi th th i s U . S. s ta n d a rd as e xp l a i n e d in th i s a n n e x.

F.1 Definition of compliance

C o m p l i a n ce wi th th i s U . S. s ta n d a rd is d e fi n e d s i m i l a rl y to cl a u s e 1 . 4, p a ra g ra p h 1 , of th e I n t e rn a t i o n a l

S t a n d a rd :

C o m p l i a n ce wi th th i s S ta n d a rd is d e fi n e d as th e p e rfo rm a n ce of al l th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d

ta s ks s e l e cte d fro m th i s S ta n d a rd in th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s (an n ex A) fo r th e s o ftwa re p ro j e ct. Th e

p e rfo rm a n ce of a p ro ce s s or an a c ti v i ty is co m p l e te wh e n al l i ts re q u i re d tasks a re p e rfo rm e d i n

a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e p re - e s ta b l i s h e d cri te ri a an d th e re q u i re m e n ts s p e ci fi e d in th e co n tra ct as

a p p l i ca b l e .

Th e o ve ra l l i n te rp re ta ti o n of co m p l i a n ce m ay va ry in d i ffe re n t s i tu a ti o n s , as e xp l a i n e d in cl a u s e F. 2. Th e

set of tasks " s e l e cte d ... in th e T a i l o ri n g P ro ce s s " m ay be co n s tra i n e d , as e xp l a i n e d in cl a u s e F. 3. Th e

p e rfo rm a n ce of th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s , an d tasks "i n a c c o rd a n c e wi th th e p re - e s ta b l i s h e d cri te ri a " may

be a ch i e ve d in a n u m ber of wa ys , as e xp l a i n e d in cl a u s e F. 4.

F.2 Compliance situations

C o m p l i a n ce m ay be i n te rp re te d d i ffe re n tl y fo r va ri o u s s i tu a ti o n s . Th e re l e va n t s i tu a ti o n sh al l be i d e n t i fi e d

in th e cl a i m of co m p l i a n ce :

a) Wh e n co m p l i a n ce is cl a i m e d fo r an o rg a n i z a ti o n , th e o rg a n i z a ti o n sh al l m a ke pu bl i c a d o cu m e n t

d e cl a ri n g i ts ta i l o ri n g of th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s , an d ta s ks an d i ts i n te rp re ta ti o n of an y cl a u s e s of

th e s ta n d a rd th a t re fe re n ce " th e co n tra ct. "

N O T E ÑO n e possi bl e wa y fo r an o rg a n i z a ti o n to d eal wi th cl a u s e s th a t ci te " th e co n tra ct " is to s p e ci fy th a t th e y

sh al l be i n te rp re te d in th e p ro j e ct pl an s fo r an y p a rti cu l a r p ro j e ct.

b) Wh e n co m p l i a n ce is cl a i m e d fo r a p ro j e ct, th e p ro j e ct pl an s or th e co n tra ct sh al l d o cu m e n t th e

ta i l o ri n g of th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks an d th e i n te rp re ta ti o n of an y cl a u s e s of th e s ta n d a rd

th a t re fe re n ce " th e co n tra ct. "

N O T E ÑA p ro j e ctÕ s cl a i m of co m p l i a n ce is typ i ca l l y s p e ci fi e d wi th re s p e ct to th e o rg a n i z a ti o n Õ s cl a i m of

co m p l i a n c e .

c) Wh e n co m p l i a n ce is cl a i m e d fo r a m u l ti - s u p p l i e r p ro g ra m , it m ay be th e ca s e th a t no i n d i vi d u a l

p ro j e ct ca n cl a i m co m p l i a n ce b e ca u s e no si n g l e co n tra ct ca l l s fo r th e p e rfo rm a n ce of a l l

re q u i re d p ro ce s s e s an d a cti vi ti e s . N e ve rth e l e s s , th e p ro g ra m , as a wh o l e , m ay cl a i m co m p l i a n ce if

e a ch of th e re q u i re d p ro ce s s e s an d a cti vi ti e s is p e rfo rm e d by an i d e n t i fi e d p a rty. Th e p ro g ra m

pl an s sh al l d o cu m e n t th e ta i l o ri n g of th e p ro ce s s e s , a cti v i ti e s an d tasks, an d th e i r assi g n m en t to

th e va ri o u s p a rti e s , as we l l as th e i n te rp re ta ti o n of an y cl a u s e s of th e s ta n d a rd th a t re fe re n ce " th e

c o n t ra c t . "

d) Wh e n th e s ta n d a rd is u sed as a basi s fo r re g u l a to ry d e ci s i o n s , s u p p l e m e n ta l s ta n d a rd s , l eg al

re g u l a ti o n s or s e cto r- s p e ci fi c re q u i re m e n ts m ay co n s tra i n th e ta i l o ri n g an d th e i n te rp re ta ti o n of

th e cl a u s e s of th e s ta n d a rd th a t re fe re n ce " th e co n tra ct. " In th i s ca s e , th e p ro j e ct pl an s sh al l

s p e ci fy th e ta i l o ri n g an d th e i n te rp re ta ti o n of th e cl a u s e s of th e s ta n d a rd th a t re fe re n ce " th e

c o n t ra c t . "

F.3 Level of compliance

On e of th e fo l l o wi n g l e ve l s of co m p l i a n ce sh al l be a s s e rte d . Th e s e l e cte d l e ve l sh al l be i d e n t i fi e d in th e

cl a i m of co m p l i a n ce :

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a) Ta i l o re d : Th e minimum set of re q u i re d p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s , an d ta s ks is d e te rm i n e d by ta i l o ri n g in

a cco rd a n ce wi th an n ex A.

b) Ab s o l u te : Th e minimum set of re q u i re d p ro ce s s e s , a cti vi ti e s , an d ta s ks a re al l of th o s e s p e ci fi e d as

m a n d a to ry (i . e. , cl a u s e s co n ta i n i n g "sh al l " or " wi l l " ) in th e te xt of th e s ta n d a rd .

N O T E ÑAb s o l u te co m p l i a n ce m ay be cl a i m e d fo r s e l e cte d p ro ce s s e s e ve n if a b s o l u te co m p l i a n ce wi th th e

e n ti re s ta n d a rd is n ot cl a i m e d .

F.4 Compliance criteria

P e rfo rm a n ce of an y p ro ce s s of th e s ta n d a rd sh al l be co m p l e te d u si n g e i th e r of two sets of cri te ri a . F or

e a ch p ro ce s s , th e cl a i m of co m p l i a n ce sh al l ci te wh i ch of th e s e ts h as been ch o s e n :

a) Acco m p l i s h m e n t of al l of th e re q u i re m e n ts of th e a cti vi ti e s an d ta s ks of th e p ro ce s s as s p e ci fi e d i n

cl a u s e s 5, 6, an d 7 of I E E E /E I A 1 2207, in a cco rd a n ce wi th th e s e l e cte d l e ve l of co m p l i a n ce an d

th e ch o s e n ta i l o ri n g .

b) Ac c o m p l i s h m e n t of th e p ro ce s s o b j e cti v e s vi a an " a l te rn a ti v e m e th o d " : To be a cce p ta b l e ,

a l te rn a ti ve m e th o d s m u st a cco m p l i s h th e p ro ce s s o b j e cti v e s s p e ci fi e d in an n ex G of I E E E /E I A

1 2207, m u st a cco m p l i s h th e l i fe cycl e d a ta o b j e cti ve s s p e ci fi e d in an n ex H of I E E E /E I A 1 2207,

m u st n ot h am per co m p l i a n ce of an y o th e r p ro ce s s , an d m u st be s p e ci fi e d by pl an s, s ta n d a rd s or

o th e r d o cu m e n ts . Th e a l te rn a ti v e m e th o d an d th e m ean s of co m p l i a n ce sh al l be s p e ci fi e d or

ci te d in th e cl a i m of c o m p l i a n ce .

N O T E ÑP o s s i b l e " a l te rn a ti ve m e th o d s " fo r som e p ro ce s s e s a re s p e ci fi e d in I E E E /E I A P1 2207. 2.

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Annex G
( n o rm a ti v e )

Life cycle processes objectives

Th e p u rp o s e of th i s an n ex is to d e s cri b e th e basi c o b j e cti v e s to be co n s i d e re d in m e e ti n g th e i n te n t of

e a ch l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s d e fi n e d in I S O /I E C 1 2207. F or th i s a n n e x, Ò cu s to m e rÓ is d e fi n e d to be th e

re ci p i e n t of a p ro d u ct p ro v i d e d by a s u p p l e r. In th e co n tra c tu a l s i tu a ti o n , th e cu s to m e r is ca l l e d th e

Ò a cq u i re r. Ó Th e Ò cu s to m e rÓ m ay be th e u l ti m a te co n s u m e r, u s e r, b e n e fi ci a ry, or p u rch a s e r. Th e Ò cu s to m e rÓ

ca n be e xte rn a l or i n te rn a l to th e o rg a n i z a ti o n . D a ta e n g i n e e ri n g a c ti v i ti e s a re assu m ed to be c o v e re d

u n d er th e h ead i n g of th e an al og ou s s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g a cti vi ti e s (e. g . , re q u i re m e n ts an d d esi g n ).

Th e o b j e cti ve s p re s e n te d bel ow a re i n te n d e d to be co m p l e te . For a p a rti cu l a r p ro j e ct, on l y th e su bset of

th o s e o b j e cti ve s th a t co n fo rm to th e ta i l o ri n g of th e s ta n d a rd wo u l d be a p p l i ca b l e .

G.1 Acquisition process

Th e u se of th e Acq u i s i ti o n p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) D e ve l o p a co n tra ct, i n cl u d i n g ta i l o ri n g of th e s ta n d a rd , th a t cl e a rl y expresses th e e xp e cta ti o n ,

re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s , an d l i a b i l i ti e s of b o th th e a cq u i re r an d th e s u p p l i e r;

b) O b ta i n p ro d u cts a n d /o r s e rvi ce s th a t s a ti s fy th e cu s to m e r n eed ;

c) M an ag e th e a cq u i s i ti o n so th a t s p e ci fi e d co n s tra i n ts (e. g . , co s t, s ch e d u l e an d q u a l i ty) an d g oal s

(e. g . , d e g re e of s o ftwa re re u s e ) a re m e t;

d) E s ta b l i s h a s ta te m e n t of wo rk to be p e rfo rm e d u n d er co n tra ct;

e) Q u a l i fy p o te n ti a l s u p p l i e rs th ro u g h an a ssessm en t of th e i r ca p a b i l i ty to p e rfo rm th e re q u i re d

s o ftwa re ;

f) S e l e ct q u a l i fi e d s u p p l i e rs to p e rfo rm d e fi n e d p o rti o n s of th e co n tra ct;

g) E s ta b l i s h an d m an ag e co m m i tm e n ts to an d fro m th e s u p p l i e r;

h) Re g u l a rl y e xch a n g e p ro g re s s i n fo rm a ti o n wi th th e s u p p l i e r;

i) As s e s s co m p l i a n ce of th e su ppl i er ag ai n st th e a g re e d u pon pl an s, s ta n d a rd s an d p ro ce d u re s ;

j) As s e s s th e q u a l i ty of th e s u p p l i e rÕ s d e l i ve re d p ro d u cts an d s e rvi ce s ;

k) E s ta b l i s h an d e xe cu te a cce p ta n ce s tra te g y an d co n d i ti o n s ( cri te ri a ) fo r th e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or

s e rv i ce bei n g a cq u i re d ;

l) E s ta b l i s h a m ean s by wh i ch th e a cq u i re r wi l l assu m e re s p o n s i b i l i ty fo r th e a cq u i re d s o ftwa re

p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce .

G.2 Audit process

Th e u se of th e Au d i t p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) D e te rm i n e co m p l i a n ce wi th re q u i re m e n ts , pl an s, an d co n tra ct, as a p p ro p ri a te ;

b) Arra n g e th e co n d u ct of a u d i ts of wo rk p ro d u cts or p ro ce s s p e rfo rm a n ce by a q u a l i fi e d i n d epen d en t

p a rty, as s p e ci fi e d in th e pl an s;

c) C o n d u ct fo l l o w- u p a u d i ts to assess co rre cti ve a cti o n ( s ) , cl o s u re , an d ro o t ca u s e a cti o n s .

G.3 Configuration Management process

Th e u se of th e C o n fi g u ra ti o n M an ag em en t p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) I d e n ti fy, d e fi n e , an d co n tro l al l re l e va n t i te m s of th e p ro j e ct;

b) C o n tro l m o d i fi ca ti o n s of th e i te m s ;

c) Re co rd an d re p o rt th e s ta tu s of i te m s an d m o d i fi ca ti o n re q u e s ts ;

d) E n s u re th e co m p l e te n e s s of th e i te m s ;

e) C o n tro l s to ra g e , h an d l i n g , re l e a s e , an d d e l i ve ry of th e i te m s .

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G.4 Development process

Th e u se of th e D e ve l o p m e n t p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) D e ve l o p re q u i re m e n ts of th e s ys te m th a t m a tch th e cu s to m e r' s s ta te d an d i m pl i ed n eed s;

b) P ro p o s e an e ffe cti ve s o l u ti o n th a t i d e n ti fi e s th e m ai n e l e m e n ts of th e s ys te m ;

c) Al l o ca te th e d e fi n e d re q u i re m e n ts to e a ch of th o s e m ai n e l e m e n ts ;

d) D e ve l o p a s ys te m re l e a s e s tra te g y;

e) C o m m u n i ca te th e re q u i re m e n ts , p ro p o s e d s o l u ti o n an d th e i r re l a ti o n s h i p s to al l a ffe cte d p a rti e s ;

f) D e fi n e th e re q u i re m e n ts a l l o ca te d to s o ftwa re co m p o n e n ts of th e syste m an d th e i r i n te rfa ce s to

m a tch th e cu s to m e r' s s ta te d an d i m pl i ed n eed s;

g) D e ve l o p s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts th a t a re a n a l yz e d , co rre ct, an d te s ta b l e ;

h) U n d e rs ta n d th e i m p a ct of s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts on th e o p e ra ti n g e n vi ro n m e n t;

i) D e ve l o p a s o ftwa re re l e a s e s tra te g y;

j) Ap p ro ve an d u p d a te th e s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts , as n eed ed ;

k) C o m m u n i ca te th e s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts to al l a ffe cte d p a rti e s ;

l) D e ve l o p an a rch i te ctu ra l d esi g n ;

m) D e fi n e i n te rn a l an d e xte rn a l i n te rfa ce s of e a ch s o ftwa re co m p o n e n t;

n) E s ta b l i s h tra c e a b i l i ty b e twe e n syste m re q u i re m e n ts an d d esi g n an d s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts ,

b e twe e n s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts an d s o ftwa re d esi g n , an d b e twe e n s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts an d te s ts ;

o) D e fi n e ve ri fi ca ti o n cri te ri a fo r al l s o ftwa re u n i ts ag ai n st th e s o ftwa re re q u i re m e n ts ;

p) P ro d u ce s o ftwa re u n i ts d e fi n e d by th e d esi g n ;

q) Acco m p l i s h ve ri fi ca ti o n of th e s o ftwa re u n i ts ag ai n st th e d esi g n ;

r) D e ve l o p an i n te g ra ti o n s tra te g y fo r s o ftwa re u n i ts co n s i s te n t wi th th e re l e a s e s tra te g y;

s) D e ve l o p a cce p ta n ce cri te ri a fo r s o ftwa re unit a g g re g a te s th a t ve ri fy co m p l i a n ce wi th th e s o ftwa re

re q u i re m e n ts a l l o ca te d to th e u n i ts ;

t) Ve ri fy s o ftwa re a g g re g a te s u si n g th e d e fi n e d a cce p ta n ce cri te ri a ;

u) Ve ri fy i n te g ra te d s o ftwa re u si n g th e d e fi n e d a cce p ta n ce cri te ri a ;

v) Re co rd th e re s u l ts o f th e s o ftwa re te s ts ;

w) D e ve l o p a re g re s s i o n s tra te g y fo r re te s ti n g a g g re g a te s , or th e i n te g ra te d s o ftwa re , sh ou l d a ch a n g e

in co m p o n e n ts be m ad e;

x) D e ve l o p an i n te g ra ti o n pl an to bu i l d s ys te m unit a g g re g a te s a cco rd i n g to th e re l e a s e s tra te g y;

y) D e fi n e a cce p ta n ce cri te ri a fo r e a ch a g g re g a te to ve ri fy co m p l i a n ce wi th th e syste m re q u i re m e n ts

a l l o ca te d to th e u n i ts ;

z) Ve ri fy s ys te m a g g re g a te s u si n g th e d e fi n e d a cce p ta n ce cri te ri a ;

aa) C o n s tru ct an i n te g ra te d system d e m o n s tra ti n g co m p l i a n ce wi th th e system re q u i re m e n ts

( fu n c ti o n a l , n o n fu n c ti o n a l , o p e ra ti o n s an d m a i n te n a n c e ) ;

ab) Re co rd th e re s u l ts o f th e s ys te m te s ts ;

a c) D e ve l o p a re g re s s i o n s tra te g y fo r re te s ti n g a g g re g a te s or th e i n te g ra te d s ys te m sh ou l d a ch a n g e i n

co m p o n e n ts be m ad e;

ad ) I d e n ti fy tra n s i ti o n co n ce rn s , s u ch as a va i l a b i l i ty or work p ro d u cts , a va i l a b i l i ty of sys te m re s o u rce s

to re s o l ve p ro b l e m s an d a d e q u a te l y te s t b e fo re fi e l d i n g co rre cti o n s , m a i n ta i n a b i l i ty, an d

assessm en t o f tra n s i ti o n e d wo rk p ro d u cts .

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G.5 Documentation process

Th e u se of th e D o cu m e n ta ti o n p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) I d e n ti fy al l d o cu m e n ts to be p ro d u ce d by th e p ro ce s s or p ro j e ct;

b) S p e ci fy th e co n te n t an d p u rp o s e of al l d o cu m e n ts an d pl an an d s ch e d u l e th e i r p ro d u cti o n ;

c) I d e n ti fy th e s ta n d a rd s to be appl i ed fo r d e ve l o p m e n t of d o cu m e n ts ;

d) D e ve l o p an d pu bl i sh al l d o cu m e n ts in a c c o rd a n c e wi th i d e n t i fi e d s ta n d a rd s an d in a c c o rd a n c e

wi th n o m i n a te d pl an s;

e) M a i n ta i n al l d o cu m e n ts in a cco rd a n ce wi th s p e ci fi e d cri te ri a .

N O TE ÑRe fe r to cl a u s e H.5 of th i s s ta n d a rd fo r p re s e n ta ti o n fo rm of s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e d a ta .

G.6 Improvement process

Th e u se of th e I m p ro ve m e n t p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) E s ta b l i s h a we l l - d e fi n e d an d m a i n ta i n e d s ta n d a rd set of p ro ce s s e s , al on g wi th a d e s cri p ti o n of th e

a p p l i ca b i l i ty of e a ch p ro ce s s ;

b) I d e n ti fy th e d e ta i l e d tasks, a cti vi ti e s , an d a s s o ci a te d work p ro d u cts fo r e a ch s ta n d a rd p ro ce s s ,

to g e th e r wi th e xp e cte d cri te ri a ;

c) E s ta b l i s h a d e p l o ye d s p e c i fi c p ro ce s s fo r e a ch p ro j e ct, ta i l o re d fro m th e s ta n d a rd p ro ce s s i n

a cco rd a n ce wi th th e n eed s of th e p ro j e ct;

d) E s ta b l i s h an d m a i n ta i n i n fo rm a ti o n an d d a ta re l a te d to th e u se of th e s ta n d a rd p ro ce s s fo r s p e c i fi c

p ro j e c t s ;

e) U n d e rs ta n d th e re l a ti ve s tre n g th s an d weakn esses of th e o rg a n i z a ti o n Õ s s ta n d a rd s o ftwa re

p ro ce s s e s ;

f) M a ke ch a n g e s to s ta n d a rd an d d e fi n e d p ro ce s s e s in a co n tro l l e d wa y;

g) I m pl em en t pl an n ed an d m o n i to re d s o ftwa re p ro ce s s i m p ro v e m e n t a cti v i ti e s in a c o o rd i n a t e d

m an n er a cro s s th e o rg a n i z a ti o n .

G.7 Infrastructure process

Th e u se of th e I n fra s tru ctu re p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) E s ta b l i s h an d m a i n ta i n a we l l - d e fi n e d s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g e n v i ro n m e n t, co n s i s te n t wi th an d

s u p p o rti ve of th e set of s ta n d a rd p ro ce s s e s an d o rg a n i z a ti o n a l m e th o d s an d te ch n i q u e s ;

b) Ta i l o r th e s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g e n vi ro n m e n t to th e n eed s of th e p ro j e ct an d th e p ro j e ct te a m ;

c) D e ve l o p a s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g e n vi ro n m e n t th a t s u p p o rts p ro j e ct te a m m e m b e rs re g a rd l e s s of th e

p e rfo rm a n ce l o ca ti o n of p ro ce s s a cti vi ti e s ;

d) I m pl em en t a d e fi n e d an d d e p l o ye d s tra te g y fo r re u s e .

G.8 Joint Review process

Th e u se of th e J oi n t Re vi e w p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) E va l u a te th e s ta tu s an d p ro d u cts of an a cti vi ty of a p ro ce s s th ro u g h j oi n t re vi e w a cti vi ti e s b e twe e n

th e p a rti e s to a co n tra ct;

b) E s ta b l i s h m e ch a n i s m s to e n s u re th a t a cti o n i te m s ra i s e d a re re co rd e d fo r a cti o n .

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G.9 Maintenance process

Th e u se of th e M a i n te n a n ce p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) D e fi n e th e i m p a ct of o rg a n i z a ti o n , o p e ra ti o n s , an d i n te rfa ce s on th e e xi s ti n g s ys te m in o p e ra ti o n ;

b) I d e n ti fy an d u p d a te a p p ro p ri a te l i fe cycl e d a ta ;

c) D e ve l o p m o d i fi e d s ys te m co m p o n e n ts wi th a s s o ci a te d d o cu m e n ta ti o n an d tests th a t d e m o n s tra t e

th a t th e s ys te m re q u i re m e n ts a re n ot co m p ro m i s e d ;

d) M i g ra te s ys te m an d s o ftwa re u p g ra d e s to th e u s e r' s e n vi ro n m e n t;

e) E n s u re fi e l d i n g of n ew s ys te m s or ve rs i o n s d oes n ot a d ve rs e l y a ffe ct on g oi n g o p e ra ti o n s ;

f) M a i n ta i n th e ca p a b i l i ty to re s u m e p ro ce s s i n g wi th p ri o r ve rs i o n s .

G.1 0 Management process

Th e u se of th e M an ag em en t p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) D e fi n e th e s co p e of th e wo rk fo r th e p ro j e ct;

b) I d e n ti fy, s i ze , e s ti m a te , pl an , tra ck, an d m e a s u re th e tasks an d re s o u rce s n e ce s s a ry to co m p l e te

th e wo rk;

c) I d e n ti fy an d m an ag e i n te rfa ce s b e twe e n e l e m e n ts in th e p ro j e ct an d wi th o th e r p ro j e cts an d

o rg a n i z a ti o n a l u n i ts ;

d) T a ke co rre cti ve a cti o n wh e n p ro j e ct ta rg e ts a re n ot a ch i e ve d ;

e) E s ta b l i s h q u a l i ty g oal s, based on th e cu s to m e r' s q u a l i ty re q u i re m e n ts , fo r va ri o u s ch e ckp o i n ts

wi th i n th e p ro j e ct' s s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e ;

f) E s ta b l i s h p ro d u ct p e rfo rm a n ce ( m e m o ry, p ro ce s s i n g , co m m u n i ca ti o n s ) g oal s, based on th e

cu s to m e r' s re q u i re m e n ts , fo r va ri o u s ch e ckp o i n ts wi th i n th e p ro j e ct' s s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e ;

g) D e fi n e an d u se m e tri cs th a t m e a s u re th e re s u l ts of p ro j e ct a cti vi ti e s or tasks, at ch e ckp o i n ts wi th i n

th e p ro j e ct' s l i fe c y cl e , to assess wh e th e r th e te ch n i ca l , q u a l i ty, an d p ro d u ct p e rfo rm a n ce g oal s

h a ve been a ch i e v e d ;

h) E s ta b l i s h cri te ri a , m e tri cs , an d p ro ce d u re s fo r i d e n t i fy i n g s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g p ra cti ce s an d

i n te g ra te i m p ro ve d p ra cti ce s i n to th e a p p ro p ri a te s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s an d m e th o d s ;

i) P e rfo rm th e i d e n ti fi e d q u a l i ty a cti vi ti e s an d co n fi rm th e i r p e rfo rm a n ce ;

j) T a ke co rre cti v e a cti o n wh e n te ch n i ca l , q u a l i ty, an d p ro d u ct p e rfo rm a n ce g oal s a re n ot a ch i e v e d ;

k) D e te rm i n e th e s co p e of ri s k m an ag em en t to be p e rfo rm e d fo r th e p ro j e ct;

l) I d e n ti fy ri s ks to th e p ro j e ct as th e y d e ve l o p ;

m) An a l yze ri s ks an d d e te rm i n e th e p ri o ri ty in wh i ch to appl y re s o u rce s to m i ti g a te th o s e ri s ks ;

n) D e fi n e , i m p l e m e n t, an d assess a p p ro p ri a te ri s k m i ti g a ti o n s tra te g i e s ;

o) D e fi n e , a p p l y, an d assess ri sk m e tri cs to m e a s u re th e ch a n g e in th e ri sk s ta te an d th e p rog re ss of

th e m i ti g a ti o n a c ti v i t i e s ;

p) E s ta b l i s h an e n vi ro n m e n t th a t s u p p o rts e ffe cti ve i n te ra cti o n b e twe e n i n d i vi d u a l s an d g ro u p s ;

q) T a ke co rre cti ve a cti o n wh e n e xp e cte d p ro g re s s is n ot a ch i e ve d .

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G.1 1 Operation process

Th e u se of th e O p e ra ti o n p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) I d e n ti fy an d m i ti g a te o p e ra ti o n a l ri s ks fo r th e s o ftwa re i n tro d u cti o n an d o p e ra ti o n ;

b) O p e ra te th e s o ftwa re in i ts i n te n d e d e n vi ro n m e n t a cco rd i n g to d o cu m e n te d p ro ce d u re s ;

c) P ro v i d e o p e ra ti o n a l s u p p o rt by re s o l vi n g o p e ra ti o n a l p ro b l e m s an d h an d l i n g u se r i n q u i re s an d

re q u e s ts ;

d) P ro vi d e a s s u ra n ce th a t s o ftwa re (an d h ost s ys te m ) ca p a ci ti e s a re a d e q u a te to m eet u ser n eed s.

e) I d e n ti fy cu s to m e r s u p p o rt s e rvi ce n eed s on an on g oi n g basi s;

f) Assess cu s to m e r s a ti s fa cti o n wi th b o th th e s u p p o rt s e rvi ce s bei n g p ro vi d e d an d th e p ro d u ct i ts e l f

on an on g oi n g basi s;

g) D e l i ve r n eed ed cu s to m e r s e rvi ce s .

G.1 2 Problem Resolution process

Th e u se of th e P ro b l e m Re s o l u ti o n p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) P ro vi d e a ti m e l y, re s p o n s i ve , an d d o c u m e n te d m ean s to e n s u re th a t al l d i s co ve re d p ro b l e m s a re

a n a l yz e d an d re s o l ve d ;

b) P ro vi d e a m e ch a n i s m fo r re co g n i z i n g an d a cti n g on tre n d s in p ro b l e m s i d e n ti fi e d .

G.1 3 Quality Assurance process

Th e u se of th e Q u a l i ty As s u ra n ce p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) I d e n ti fy, pl an , an d s ch e d u l e q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce a cti vi ti e s fo r th e p ro ce s s or p ro d u ct;

b) I d e n ti fy q u a l i ty s ta n d a rd s , m e th o d o l o g i e s , p ro ce d u re s , an d to o l s fo r p e rfo rm i n g q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce

a cti vi ti e s an d ta i l o r to th e p ro j e ct;

c) I d e n ti fy re s o u rce s an d re s p o n s i b i l i ti e s fo r th e p e rfo rm a n ce of q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce a cti vi ti e s ;

d) E s ta b l i s h an d g u a ra n te e th e i n d e p e n d e n ce of th o s e re s p o n s i b l e fo r p e rfo rm i n g q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce

a cti vi ti e s ;

e) P e rfo rm th e i d e n ti fi e d q u a l i ty a s s u ra n ce a cti vi ti e s in line wi th th e re l e va n t pl an s, p ro ce d u re s , an d

s ch e d u l e s ;

f) Ap p l y o rg a n i z a ti o n a l q u a l i ty m an ag em en t s ys te m s to th e p ro j e ct.

G.1 4 Supply process

Th e u se of th e S u ppl y p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) E s ta b l i s h cl e a r an d on g oi n g co m m u n i ca ti o n wi th th e cu s to m e r;

b) D e fi n e d o cu m e n te d an d a g re e d cu s to m e r re q u i re m e n ts , wi th m an ag ed ch a n g e s ;

c) E s ta b l i s h a m e ch a n i s m fo r on g oi n g m o n i to ri n g of cu s to m e r n eed s;

d) E s ta b l i s h a m e ch a n i s m fo r e n s u ri n g th a t cu s to m e rs ca n easi l y d e te rm i n e th e s ta tu s an d d i s p o s i ti o n

of th e i r re q u e s ts ;

e) D e te rm i n e re q u i re m e n ts fo r re p l i c a ti o n , d i s tri b u ti o n , i n s t a l l a ti o n , an d te s ti n g of th e system

co n ta i n i n g s o ftwa re or s ta n d - a l o n e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct;

f) P a cka g e th e syste m co n ta i n i n g s o ftwa re or th e s ta n d - a l o n e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct in a wa y th a t

fa ci l i ta te s i ts e ffi ci e n t an d e ffe cti v e re p l i ca ti o n , d i s tri b u ti o n , i n s ta l l a ti o n , te s ti n g , an d o p e ra ti o n ;

g) D e l i ve r a q u a l i ty sys te m co n ta i n i n g s o ftwa re or s ta n d - a l o n e s o ftwa re p ro d u ct to th e cu s to m e r, as

d e fi n e d by th e re q u i re m e n ts , an d i n s ta l l in a cco rd a n ce wi th th e i d e n ti fi e d re q u i re m e n ts .

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G.1 5 Training process

Th e u se of th e T ra i n i n g p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) I d e n ti fy th e ro l e s an d s ki l l s re q u i re d fo r th e o p e ra ti o n s of th e o rg a n i z a ti o n an d th e p ro j e ct;

b) E s ta b l i s h fo rm a l p ro ce d u re s by wh i ch ta l e n t is re cru i te d , s e l e cte d , an d tra n s i ti o n e d i n to

a s s i g n m e n ts in th e o rg a n i z a ti o n ;

c) Desi g n an d co n d u ct tra i n i n g to e n s u re th a t al l i n d i vi d u a l s h a ve th e ski l l s re q u i re d to p e rfo rm th e i r

a s s i g n m e n ts ;

d) I d e n ti fy an d re cru i t or tra i n , as a p p ro p ri a te , i n d i vi d u a l s wi th th e re q u i re d ski l l s an d co m p e te n ci e s

to p e rfo rm th e o rg a n i z a ti o n a l an d p ro j e ct ro l e s ;

e) E s ta b l i s h a wo rk fo rce wi th th e s ki l l s to s h a re i n fo rm a ti o n an d co o rd i n a te th e i r a cti vi ti e s e ffi ci e n tl y;

f) D e fi n e o b j e cti v e cri te ri a ag ai n st wh i ch unit an d i n d i vi d u a l tra i n i n g p e rfo rm a n ce ca n b e

m e a s u re d , to p ro vi d e p e rfo rm a n ce fe e d b a ck, an d to e n h a n ce p e rfo rm a n ce co n ti n u o u s l y;

G.1 6 Validation process

Th e u se of th e Va l i d a ti o n p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) I d e n ti fy cri te ri a fo r va l i d a ti o n of al l re q u i re d wo rk p ro d u cts ;

b) P e rfo rm re q u i re d v a l i d a ti o n a cti v i ti e s ;

c) P ro vi d e e vi d e n ce th a t th e wo rk p ro d u cts , as d e ve l o p e d , a re s u i ta b l e fo r th e i r i n te n d e d u se.

G.1 7 Verification process

Th e u se of th e Ve ri fi ca ti o n p ro ce s s sh ou l d a ch i e ve th e fo l l o wi n g o b j e cti ve s :

a) I d e n ti fy cri te ri a fo r ve ri fi ca ti o n of al l re q u i re d wo rk p ro d u cts ;

b) P e rfo rm re q u i re m e n ts v e ri fi ca ti o n a cti vi ti e s ;

c) Fi n d an d re m o ve d e fe cts fro m p ro d u cts p ro d u ce d by th e p ro j e ct.

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Annex H
( N o rm a ti v e )

Life cycle data objectives

Th e p u rp o s e of th i s an n ex is to d e s cri b e th e basi c p ri n ci p l e s to be co n s i d e re d in p re p a ri n g d a ta d u ri n g

th e e xe cu ti o n of th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s of I E E E /E I A 1 2207.

H.1 Purpose of software life cycle data

Th e l i fe cycl e d a ta sh ou l d s u p p o rt th e fo l l o wi n g a cti o n s :

a) D e s cri b e an d re co rd i n fo rm a ti o n abou t a s o ftwa re p ro d u ct d u ri n g i ts l i fe cycl e ;

b) As s i s t u s a b i l i ty an d m a i n ta i n a b i l i ty of a s o ftwa re p ro d u ct;

c) D e fi n e an d co n tro l l i fe cycl e p ro ce s s e s ;

d) C o m m u n i ca te i n fo rm a ti o n abou t th e s ys te m , s o ftwa re p ro d u ct or s e rvi ce , an d p ro j e ct to th o s e wh o

n eed i t;

e) P ro vi d e a h i s to ry of wh a t h appen ed d u ri n g d e ve l o p m e n t an d m a i n te n a n ce to s u p p o rt

m an ag em en t an d p ro ce s s i m p ro ve m e n t;

f) P ro vi d e e vi d e n ce th a t th e p ro ce s s e s we re fo l l o we d .

H.2 Operations on software life cycle data

Th e l i fe cycl e d a ta sh ou l d be s u p p o rte d by th e fo l l o wi n g o p e ra ti o n s :

a) C re a te ;

b) Re a d ;

c) U p d a te ;

d) D e l e te .

H.3 Characteristics of software life cycle data

Th e l i fe cycl e d a ta sh ou l d a d h e re to th e fo l l o wi n g ch a ra cte ri s ti cs :

a) U n a m b i g u o u s: I n fo rm a ti o n is u n am bi g u ou s if it is d e s cri b e d in te rm s th a t on l y al l ow a si n g l e

i n te rp re ta ti o n , ai d ed , if n e ce s s a ry, by a d e fi n i ti o n .

b) C o m p l e t e: I n fo rm a ti o n is co m p l e te if it i n cl u d e s n e ce s s a ry, re l e va n t re q u i re m e n ts a n d /o r

d e s cri p ti ve m a te ri a l , re s p o n s e s a re d e fi n e d fo r th e ra n g e of va l i d i n pu t d a ta , an d te rm s an d u n i ts

of m e a s u re a re d e fi n e d .

c) V e r i fi a b l e : I n fo rm a ti o n is ve ri fi a b l e if it ca n be ch e cke d fo r co rre ctn e s s by a p e rs o n or to o l .

d) C o n s i s te n t: I n fo rm a ti o n is co n s i s te n t if th e re a re no co n fl i cts wi th i n i t.

e) M o d i fi a b l e : I n fo rm a ti o n is m o d i fi a b l e if it is s tru ctu re d an d h as a s tyl e s u ch th a t ch a n g e s ca n b e

mad e co m p l e te l y, co n s i s te n tl y, an d co rre ctl y wh i l e re ta i n i n g th e s tru ctu re .

f) T ra c e a b l e: I n fo rm a ti o n is tra ce a b l e if th e o ri g i n of i ts co m p o n e n ts ca n be d e te rm i n e d .

g) P re s e n t a b l e : I n fo rm a ti o n is p re s e n ta b l e if it ca n be re tri e ve d an d vi e we d .

H.4 Basic types of software life cycle data

Th e l i fe cycl e d a ta sh ou l d co n ta i n co n te n t in th e fo l l o wi n g a re a s :

a) Re q u i re m e n ts d a t a: E xp e cte d fu n c ti o n a l i t y, o p e ra ti o n a l c o n te x t, p e rfo rm a n c e co n s tra i n ts an d

e xp e cta ti o n s , basi s fo r q u a l i fi ca ti o n te s ti n g , an d ke y d e ci s i o n ra ti o n a l e .

b) D esi g n d a t a: Arch i te ctu re , a l g o ri th m s , d esi g n co n s tra i n ts , m appi n g to re q u i re m e n ts , an d key

d e ci s i o n ra ti o n a l e .

c) Te s t d a t a: Te s t s tra te g y an d cri te ri a , ca s e s ( wh a t to te s t) , p ro ce d u re s (h ow to ca rry ou t tests), test

re s u l ts , an d ke y d e ci s i o n ra ti o n a l e .

d) C o n fi g u ra ti o n d a t a: C o n fi g u ra ti o n d e s cri p ti o n , bu i l d i n s tru cti o n s , re fe re n ce to s o u rce co d e ,

re fe re n ce to o b j e ct co d e , d a ta i n te g ri ty a p p ro a ch , d e s cri p ti o n of d e ve l o p m e n t e n v i ro n m e n t, an d

ke y d e ci s i o n ra ti o n a l e .

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e) U ser d a t a: S o ftwa re o ve rvi e w, syste m a cce s s i n fo rm a ti o n , co m m a n d s an d re s p o n se s , e rro r

m essag es, o p e ra ti o n a l e n vi ro n m e n t, an d ke y d e ci s i o n ra ti o n a l e .

f) M an ag em en t d a t a: M an ag em en t pl an s, s ta tu s re p o rts , m an ag em en t i n d i ca to rs , cri te ri a an d key

d e ci s i o n ra ti o n a l e , an d co n tra ct an d o th e r p ro cu re m e n t i n fo rm a ti o n .

g) Q u a l i ty d a t a: Q u a l i ty pl an s an d p ro ce d u re s , co rre cti ve a c ti o n s ta tu s , ro o t ca u s e a n a l ys i s , p ro d u c t

q u a l i ty ch a ra cte ri s ti cs an d p ro ce s s m e a s u re m e n t d a ta , an d cri te ri a an d ke y d e ci s i o n ra ti o n a l e .

H.5 Presentation form of software life cycle data

Th e p re s e n ta ti o n fo rm of l i fe cycl e d a ta sh ou l d

a) Be a p p ro p ri a te to s u p p o rt th e p u rp o s e of th e l i fe cycl e d a ta ;

b) S u p p o rt th e re tri e va l an d re vi e w of d a ta of a s o ftwa re i te m d u ri n g i ts l i fe cycl e ;

c) S u p p o rt th e basi c o p e ra ti o n s on d a ta of a s o ftwa re i te m d u ri n g i ts l i fe cycl e ;

d) Be s e l e cte d s u b j e ct to co n cu rre n ce of th e u s e rs of th e d a ta .

N O T E ÑI n p re p a ri n g or fi n a l i z i n g th e co n tra ct, th e a cq u i re r sh ou l d s p e ci fy th e re q u i re m e n ts fo r d a ta d e l i ve ry, ta ki n g

i n to a cco u n t th e m a i n te n a n ce s tra te g y. S om e of th e ch o i ce s a re

1 ) Ra w d a ta ÑRe p o s i to ri e s of th e d e ve l o p m e n t to o l s s u ch as C AS E to o l s , d a ta b a s e s , fi l e s ys te m s , an d o th e r

to o l re p o s i to ri e s .

2) O n -l i n e pu bl i sh i n g s y s te m s ÑD a ta assem bl ed an d fo rm a tte d fo r p re s e n ta ti o n by s y s te m s s u ch as: word

p ro ce s s o rs , Wo rl d Wi d e We b pu bl i sh i n g an d d i spl ay s ys te m s , SGM L vi e we rs .

3) H a rd co p y p ri n tÑTra d i ti o n a l paper d o cu m e n t fo rm .

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Annex I
( i n fo rm a t i v e )

Relationships
Th i s an n ex b ri e fl y d e s cri b e s th e ro l e s of I EEE S td 1 074, I S O /I E C 1 2207, I EEE S td 1 498, an d I SO 9001 .

F or m o re i n fo rm a ti o n on th e re l a ti o n s h i p s of th e s e s ta n d a rd s , re fe r to S E S C-9 7 -0 0 1 , H a rm o n i z a ti o n Acti o n

Pl an , wh i ch is a va i l a b l e fro m th e I EEE C o m p u te r S o ci e ty, Wa s h i n g to n , D. C.

I.1 IEEE Std 1 074

I EEE S td 1 074 is p ri m a ri l y wri tte n fo r an o rg a n i z a t i o n a l p ro ce s s a rc h i te ct ; th e i n d i vi d u a l re s p o n s i b l e fo r

e s ta b l i s h i n g th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e to be fo l l o we d on a p a rti cu l a r p ro j e ct or set of p ro j e cts . Th e s ta n d a rd

re q u i re s th a t th e p ro ce s s a rch i te ct i d e n ti fy a set of a va i l a b l e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e m od el s (e. g . , p ro t o t y p i n g ,

s p i ra l , wa te rfa l l ) . Th e p ro ce s s a rch i te ct th e n s e l e cts on e of th e s e m od el s to be u sed on th e p ro j e ct. Th e

a cti vi ti e s of th e s ta n d a rd a re th e n m apped in ti m e o rd e r o n to th e m od el . As s i g n i n g o wn e rs an d s ch e d u l e

to th e a cti vi ti e s co m p l e te s wh a t th e s ta n d a rd d e fi n e s as th e p ro j e ct s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e . Th e s ta n d a rd is

a d d i ti o n a l l y i n te n d e d to p ro vi d e d e fi n i ti o n of e a ch of th e a cti vi ti e s to i ts re s p e cti ve o wn e r. I EEE S td 1 074

wo u l d be p a rti cu l a rl y u s e fu l to a p ro ce s s a rch i te ct in d e ve l o p i n g o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p ro ce s s e s co m p l yi n g wi th

th e re q u i re m e n ts of I S O /I E C 1 2207.

I.2 ISO/IEC 1 2207

Th e I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd I S O /I E C 1 2207 e s ta b l i s h e s a co m m o n fra m e wo rk fo r th e l i fe cy cl e of s o ftwa re

in te rm s of th e p ro ce s s e s th a t ca n be e m p l o ye d to (1 ) a cq u i re , s u p p l y, d e ve l o p , o p e ra te , an d m a i n ta i n

s o ftwa re ; (2 ) m an ag e, co n tro l , an d i m p ro v e th e p ro ce s s e s ; an d (3 ) p ro vi d e th e basi s fo r wo rl d tra d e i n

s o ftwa re . I S O /I E C 1 2207 p l a ce s re q u i re m e n ts u pon th e ch a ra cte ri s ti cs of a d e s i g n a te d set of l i fe cycl e

p ro ce s s e s , bu t d oes n ot s p e ci fy th e d e ta i l e d i m p l e m e n ta ti o n of th o s e p ro ce s s e s ; a p ro ce s s a rc h i te ct may

fi n d I EEE S td 1 074 to be u s e fu l in d e ve l o p i n g o rg a n i z a ti o n a l p ro ce s s e s co m p l yi n g wi th th e re q u i re m e n ts

of I S O /I E C 1 2207.

I.3 IEEE Std 1 498

I EEE S td 1 498 was th e fi rs t s te p in th e a d o p ti o n of I S O /I E C 1 2207. I EEE S td 1 498 d e fi n e s a set of

s o ftwa re d e ve l o p m e n t a c ti v i ti e s an d re s u l ti n g s o ftwa re p ro d u cts . It p ro vi d e s a fra m e wo rk fo r th e s o ftwa re

d e ve l o p m e n t pl an n i n g an d e n g i n e e ri n g . Th e s ta n d a rd ca n be u sed as a basi s fo r an a c q u i re r- s u p p l i e r

a g re e m e n t or fo r i n te rn a l s o ftwa re e n g i n e e ri n g g u i d a n ce .

I.4 ISO 9001

I SO 9001 e s ta b l i s h e s th e g e n e ri c re q u i re m e n ts fo r a q u a l i ty m an ag em en t syste m fo r th e d esi g n ,

d e v e l o p m e n t, p ro d u c ti o n , i n s ta l l a ti o n , an d s e rvi ci n g of system s th a t i n cl u d e h a rd wa re a n d /o r s o ftwa re .

I SO 90 0 0 -3 sh ou l d be u sed fo r g u i d a n ce on th e a p p l i ca ti o n of I SO 9001 to th e d e v e l o p m e n t, su ppl y an d

m a i n te n a n ce of s o ftwa re .

N O TE ÑI S O /I E C 1 2207 i n cl u d e s I SO 9001 as a n o rm a ti ve re fe re n ce .

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Annex J
( n o rm a ti v e )

Errata

Th i s an n ex i d e n ti fi e s th o s e cl a u s e s in I S O /I E C 1 2207 th a t h a ve a m b i g u i ti e s th a t co u l d n ot be re m o v e d

p ri o r to i ts p u b l i ca ti o n . Th e y a re p re s e n te d h e re to m i n i m i ze an y possi bl e m i s i n te rp re ta ti o n or

m i s a p p l i ca ti o n of th i s s ta n d a rd . An y s u g g e s te d ch a n g e is i n d i ca te d in italics . Al l cl a u s e s an d p a ra g ra p h s

re fe r to I S O /I E C 1 2207.

Th e s e i d e n ti fi e d cl a u s e s wi l l be fo rwa rd e d to th e I S O /I E C J TC Ê 1 fo r a p p ro p ri a te a cti o n .

1 . Cl au se 1 . 2, p a ra g ra p h 4, is cl a ri fi e d b e l o w.

Th i s cl a u s e d oes n ot i m pl y th a t th e s u p p l i e rs or d e ve l o p e rs of o ff- th e - s h e l f s o ftwa re sh ou l d n ot u se

I S O /I E C 1 2207 wh e n d e ve l o p i n g , o p e ra ti n g , or m a i n ta i n i n g s u ch s o ftwa re .

2. Cl au se 1 . 5, p a ra g ra p h 6 sh ou l d re a d as fo l l o ws :

In th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd , th e re a re a n u m ber of l i s ts fo r tasks; n on e of th e s e is p re s u m e d to b e

e xh a u s ti ve Ñth e y a re i n te n d e d as e xa m p l e s unless introduced by a clause containing a ÒshallÓ or a

Òwill.Ó
3. Cl au se 5. 1 . 3. 5, s e n te n ce 2. ÒSh al l Ó sh ou l d be ch a n g e d to Ò wi l l . Ó

4. Ad d th e fo l l o wi n g cl a u s e to 5. 3. 1 . 2 :

e) E s ta b l i s h basel i n es fo r e a ch co n fi g u ra ti o n i te m at a p p ro p ri a te ti m e s , as d e te rm i n e d by th e

a cq u i re r an d th e s u p p l i e r.

5. D e l e te s e n te n ce 2 of cl a u s e 5. 3. 4. 3.

6. D e l e te cl a u s e 5. 3. 9. 5. b.

7. D e l e te cl a u s e 5. 3. 1 1 . 4. b.

8. Cl au se 6. 1 , P re a m b l e . Th e fo l l o wi n g sh ou l d be ad d ed as a s e co n d p a ra g ra p h to th e p re a m b l e :

Execution of this process by an organization results in the establishment of internal documentation

standards (such as standards for program management plan and software design document) in a
suitable mediaÑpaper, electronic, or other. The terms used in this process need to be interpreted
accordingly for a given media or domain.
9. Cl au se 6. 2, p re a m b l e , line 2. ÒB asel i n eÓ sh ou l d be d e l e te d . Th e re s u l ti n g s e n te n ce sh ou l d re a d as

fo l l o w s :

Th e C o n fi g u ra ti o n M an ag em en t P ro ce s s is a p ro ce s s of a p p l yi n g a d m i n i s tra ti v e an d te ch n i ca l

p ro ce d u re s th ro u g h o u t th e s o ftwa re l i fe cycl e to : identify and define s o ftwa re i te m s in a syste m ;

co n tro l m o d i fi c a t i o n s an d re l e a s e s of th e i te m s ; re co rd an d re p o rt th e s ta tu s of th e i te m s an d

m o d i fi c a t i o n re q u e s ts ; e n s u re th e co m p l e te n e s s , co n s i s te n cy, an d co rre ctn e s s of th e i te m s , an d

co n tro l s to ra g e , h an d l i n g , an d d e l i ve ry of th e i te m s .

1 0. Cl au se 6. 3. 4. 1 . Th i s cl a u s e sh ou l d re a d as fo l l o ws :

Ad d i ti o n a l q u a l i ty m an ag em en t a cti vi ti e s sh al l be a s s u re d in a cco rd a n ce wi th th e cl a u s e s of I SO

9001 .

1 1 . Cl au se 6. 5. 2. Th i s cl a u s e d epen d s h e a vi l y on te s ti n g ( re a l - ti m e e xe cu ti o n s ) fo r v a l i d a ti o n . To allow

fl e xi b i l i ty, th e fo l l o wi n g n o te sh ou l d be ad d ed at th e en d of cl a u s e 6. 5. 2. 5:

NOTEÑOther means besides testing (such as, analysis, modeling, simulation, etc.) may be employed for
validation.
1 2. Cl au se 6. 6. 3. 1 . e. Th i s cl a u s e sh ou l d re a d as fo l l o ws :

e) Th e y a re re a d y fo r th e n e xt planned a cti vi ty.

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