Aspire 004 IGC I Element 4-Planning

NEBOSH
International General
Certificate
Instructor:
2015 Ragesh.A.V
Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 2
LEARNING OUTCOME
4.1 – Explain the importance of planning in the context of H&S MS.
4.2 – Explain the principles and practice of Risk Assessment.
4.3 – Explain the general principles of control and a basic hierarchy
of risk reduction measures.
4.4 – Identify the key sources of H&S information.
4.5 – Explain what factors should be considered when developing
and implementing a safe system of work for general activities.
4.6 – Explain the role and function of a Permit – to – Work system.

PLANNING PROCESS
System to establish, implement and maintain requirements.
Successful organizations adopt a planned and systematic
approach to policy implementation:
AIM : is to minimize the risks created by work activities,

products and services.
USES : hazard identification and risk assessment method
to decide priorities and set objectives for hazard
elimination and risk reduction.
PLANNING PROCESS
Specific actions needed to promote a positive H&S culture
and to eliminate and control risks are identified and plans
made to fulfil them.
Wherever possible it is planned that risks are eliminated by
the careful selection and design of facilities, equipment
and processes or minimised by the use of physical control
measures. Where not possible plans for the provision of a
safe system of work and personal protective equipment
are made to control risks.

The planning process includes the
identification of legal requirements and
other requirements that can influence
the level of health and safety
performance that the organizations has
to establish.

EXAM QUESTION
(a) Outline, why it is important for an organization
to set health and safety targets.
Ans. Page 115 (2)
(b) Identify health and safety targets that an

organization could set.
Ans. Page 115 (6)

SETTING H&S OBJECTIVES
Setting targets is important because they provide:
¤ A target to aim for; therefore actions and efforts can be
focused on attaining the objectives instead of being
diverted inefficiently.
¤ Targets equip the participants with a sense of direction.
¤ Targets also provide Motivation, through structure
progress and successful achievement in meeting them.
¤ It also provides consistency with the way organizations
set other important targets and it ensures that priorities
are made clear.
H&S Targets
¤ Zero accidents for the year
¤ Reduce LTI’s from the previous year – 75%
¤ Induction training to be done to all employees – 100%
¤ Health surveillance to be done to all specific trade employees –
100%
¤ Regular health and safety audits to be conducted – every quarter
¤ All accidents / incidents / injuries / near-misses should be reported
and investigated – within 48 hours
¤ Periodic noise monitoring to be conducted – every quarter
¤ Third party inspections to be done for all lifting tools and tackles –
6 months
SETTING H&S OBJECTIVES
A good example of a reliable H&S objective is a S M A R T
objective:
 Specific
 Measurable
 Achievable
 Relevant
 Timely
UPDATED WITH LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
The organization should have made a
commitment to compliance with legislation
in the H&S policy statement. Legislation
states the minimum standards that must be
achieved by employers and workers alike.
Legislation is taken into account when risks
are assessed and control measures are
established.
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
The International Labour Office (ILO)
established a number of H&S conventions,
recommendations and guidance. Conducting
H&S Risk Assessment is part of the principles
and practices established by these
requirements.

EXAM QUESTION
a.) Give the meaning of the term ‘hazard’. (2)
Ans. Page 119
b.) Give the meaning of the term ‘risk’. (2)
Ans. Page 119
c.) Outline reasons why young persons may be at a
higher risk of injury in a workplace. (4)
Ans. Page 132

EXAM QUESTION
(a) Using a workplace example give the
meaning of the term “risk” (3)
Ans. Page 119
(b) Identify the key stages of a risk

assessment. (5)
Ans. Page 125
EXAM QUESTION
(a) Give the meaning of the term ‘hazard’ AND
Give an example of a workplace hazard. (3)
Ans. Page 119
(b) Give the meaning of the term ‘risk’ AND
Give an example of a workplace risk. (3)
Ans. Page 119

HAZARD
Something that has the potential to cause harm
(loss) to people, property, plant or equipment.
Example: Electricity. Workers working with
electrically operated equipment such as an
electric drill machine are at risk of exposure to
electrical shock.

RISK
Risk is the likelihood that harm would occur and the
severity of a harm that may be realized by one or
more hazards.
Example: Workers working on a high level of
scaffold without adequate fall protection are at a
greater risk of falling and sustaining serious injury.
Whereas workers working on a lower level of
scaffold having adequate fall protection are at a
low risk of falling and sustaining serious injury.
RISK ASSESSMENT
“Is an analytical process that identifies

hazards, who may be harmed and in
what way they may be harmed, and it
also takes into account factors that
make the risk more likely and those
that make it less likely.”
Distinction B/W Different Types of Incidents
¤ ILL-HEALTH
¤ INJURY ACCIDENT
¤ DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE
¤ NEAR-MISS
¤ DAMAGE-ONLY

Frank Bird Accident Ratio Triangle

Composition of Risk Assessment Team
 Team Leader
 First Line Manager
 Worker Representative

EXAM QUESTION
With respect to undertaking general risk assessments on
activities within a workplace:
(a) Outline the key stages of the risk assessment process;
Ans. Page 125 (10)
(b) Explain the criteria which must be met for the assessment to be
‘suitable and sufficient’.
Ans. Page 125 (4)
(c) Outline factors that employer should take into account when
selecting individuals to assist in carrying out the required risk
assessment.
Ans. Page 124 (6)
Competence
Risk assessment must be carried out by a competent
person:
 Must be able to demonstrate H&S knowledge,
experience that is relevant to organization,
 Ability to apply these qualities to practical situations.
 Ability to interpret technical information and standards,
 Be systematic in their approach,
 Be capable of communicating the findings in a
comprehensive and relevant manner.

Criteria for a “Suitable & Sufficient” RA
¤ Risk assessments should be systematic,
comprehensive and sophisticated.
¤ Conducted by competent personnel & risk
assessments should be appropriate to the
nature of the work.
¤ Potential hazards and risks identified
considering all types of activities i.e. routine
and non-routine.
Criteria for a “Suitable & Sufficient” RA
¤ All groups considered who might be
affected at the workplace.
¤ All appropriate controls are agreed to
mitigate the risks ALARP.
¤ All findings are recorded and reviewed
periodically.

THE FIVE (5) STEPS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
STEP 1 IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS
STEP 2 DECIDE WHO MIGHT BE HARMED & HOW
STEP 3 EVALUATE the RISK and DECIDE on PRECAUTIONS
STEP 4 RECORD your FINDINGS and IMPLEMENT THEM
STEP 5 REVIEW your ASSESSMENT and UPDATE if NECESSARY

SOURCES of HARM
¤ PEOPLE
¤ EQUIPMENT
¤ MATERIALS
¤ ENVIRONMENT
¤ SYSTEMS/SITUATIONS

FORMS of HARM
¤ Slippery ¤ Asphyxiant Materials
Surfaces ¤ Electricity
¤ Height ¤ Toxic Substances
¤ Sharp Edges ¤ Moving Vehicles
¤ Unstable Items ¤ Noise
¤ Heavy Items ¤ Work Pressure
¤ Poor Ergonomic
Layout
Job Safety & Task Analysis
¤ Installation
¤ Normal Operation
¤ Breakdown
¤ Cleaning
¤ Adjustment
¤ Dismantling

Contingent & Continuing Hazard
¤ Mechanical
¤ Electrical
¤ Thermal
¤ Noise and Vibration
¤ Radiation
¤ Toxic Materials
¤ Ergonomic design

Who Might be Harmed & How
¤ The first category relates to the general workers
that conduct work in a workplace and will include
those that conduct manual tasks in their work.
¤ This group includes vulnerable people that might
be at risk from a particular hazard.
Ex. Women of childbearing age

EXAM QUESTION
a) Give TWO reasons why visitors to a workplace
might be a greater risk of injury than workers.
Answer: Based on general knowledge (2)
b) Identify precautions that could be taken to

reduce the risk of injury to visitors to a workplace.
Answer: Based on general knowledge (6)

Ans.
¤ They are vulnerable because of their lack of
awareness of workplace hazards and risks;
¤ Not familiar with the workplace information
and procedures;

Precautions for Visitors
Precautions that could be taken to reduce the risk of injury to visitors
to a workplace are:
¤ Signing in
¤ Providing identification badges
¤ Providing PPE
¤ Site induction e.g. Fire precautions
¤ Escorting visitor to area of work
¤ Remain with visitor or regular monitoring
¤ Adequate Signage in the workplace
¤ Preventing access to dangerous areas
Specific Groups at Risk
¤OPERATORS
¤MAINTENANCE STAFF
¤CLEANERS
¤CONTRACTORS
¤VISITORS / PUBLIC

Evaluate the Risk
What is risk?
It is a measure of the likelihood of harm occurring and the
severity of that harm.
Risk is a combination of two factors:
Likelihood.
Severity.

USING A SCORING SYSTEM:
Likelihood: Severity:
Almost certain =3 Fatality/disabling = 3
Likely =2 Three day injury = 2
Very low =1 Minor injury = 1
LxS=?
1 = trivial risk 9 = high risk

Risk Rating
Likelihood category Severity category
5 – almost certain 5 – Multiple Fatalities
4 – high 4 – Fatalities/Disabling injuries
3 – medium 3 – Serious Injuries
2 – low 2 – Less serious Injuries
1 - improbable 1 – Minor injuries

Risk Assessment Matrix

RISK MATRIX

Risk Prioritization
The higher risks should be considered for action
first.
Risk rating – 1 to 9 ------ Low
Risk rating – 10 to 15 --- Medium
Risk rating – 16 to 25 --- High
Residual Risk is the risk which remains when

controls have been decided.

EXISTING CONTROLS
¤ Safe working procedures. ¤ Personal protective
¤ Checks and inspections. equipment (PPE).
¤ Training, instruction and ¤ Planned preventative
information. maintenance and testing.
¤ Signs and alarms. ¤ Environmental controls:
¤ Housekeeping. ¤ Light.
¤ Supervision.
¤ Temperature.
¤ Specialist assessments
¤ Guards and barriers.

EXAM QUESTION
a) Give the meaning of the term ‘Hierarchy of
control’. (2)
Ans. Page 138
b) Outline, with examples the general hierarchy
that should be applied when controlling health
and safety risks in the workplace. (6)
Ans. Page 138

Hierarchy of Control
The HIERARCHY of Control:
 Eliminate hazard - most effective.
 Reduce hazard.
 Isolate hazard from people.
 Control extent of exposure/contact.
 Personal protective equipment.
 Discipline (SSW, information, training, supervision and
enforcement) - least effective.
Remember:
ERIC Prevents Death!
RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
Record:
¤ The significant hazards.
¤ Those at risk.
¤ The existing controls.
¤ Likelihood
¤ Consequence
¤ Further actions necessary.
Review of Assessment
Assessments must be reviewed if:
When the results of monitoring are adverse and not expected
Change in process, work methods or materials
Changes in personnel
Changes in legislation
Introduction of new plant or technology
New information becoming available
As time passes – the risk assessment should be periodically
reviewed and updated. A common approached would be no longer
than 5 years

Special Case Applications of Risk Assessment
¤ NEW & EXPECTANT MOTHERS
¤ YOUNG PERSONS
¤ DISABLED WORKERS
¤ LONE WORKERS

General Principles of Prevention
¤ Avoiding risks
¤ Evaluating unavoidable risks
¤ Controlling (combating) hazards at source
¤ Adapting work to the individual
¤ Adapting to technical progress
¤ Replacing the dangerous by non/less-dangerous
¤ Developing an overall coherent prevention policy
¤ Giving priority to collective measures over individual
protective measures

Providing Appropriate Instruction To Workers
¤ INFORMATION
¤ TRAINING
¤ INSTRUCTION
¤ SUPERVISION
I.T.I.S.

EXAM QUESTION
Q) Identify FOUR categories of workplace
safety signs AND Give an example of EACH.
Ans. Page 139 (8)

Signage, Warnings and Administrative Controls
WARNING SIGN PROHIBITION SIGN
MANDATORY SIGN SAFE CONDITION SIGN

EXAM QUESTION
Q) Personal Protective equipment (PPE) should only
be considered after other control measures have
been found to be ineffective or not practicable.
Give reasons why PPE should be considered only

after other control measures. (8)
Ans. Page 141

EXAM QUESTION
Q) Due to limitations personal protective
equipment (PPE) should only be considered after
other control measures.
Outline the limitations of using PPE. (8)
Ans. Page 141

EXAM QUESTION
Q) An organization has had an increase in the
number of manual Handling accidents and
associated ill health.
Identify sources of information that may be

available to help reduce the risks to the workers.
Ans. Page 145 - 149 (8)

EXAM QUESTION
Q) The number of absences due to work-related
upper limb disorders in an organization is
increasing.
Identify possible sources of information that could

be used when investigating the increase in
absences. (8)
Ans. Page 145 - 149

Sources of Information
INTERNAL TO ORGANIZATION
 ACCIDENT/ILL-HEALTH AND
ABSENCE RECORDS
 RESULTS OF AUDITS/INSPECTIONS
 INVESTIGATION REPORTS
ha
 MAINTENANCE RECORDS

Sources of Information
EXTERNAL TO ORGANIZATION
 MANUFACTURERS DATA
 LEGISLATION
 EUROPEAN (S.A.)
 HSE PUBLICATIONS
 GOOD PRACTICE GUIDANCE
 BRITISH, EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
 ILO AND OTHER AUTHORATIVE SOURCES
 IT SOURCES

PTW

Requirements for a SSoW
Employer’s responsibility to provide SSoW
 The ILO OS&H Convention C155 sets out
requirements at the level of the undertaking to
establish H&S. Article 16 – 1,2
 The ILO OS&H Recommendation R164
Recommendation 10 (a)

EXAM QUESTION
Q) Outline factors that should be
considered when developing a safe
system of work.
Ans. Page 153 (8)

Components of the System
The Integration of:
 PEOPLE
 EQUIPMENT
 MATERIALS
 ENVIRONMENT

Components of the System
 Role of Competent Persons,
 Importance of Workers involvement,
 Importance and Relevance of Written
Procedures,
 Technical, Procedural and Behavioral
Controls

Risk Control Measures
TECHNICAL control includes
 Equipment,
 Access/egress,
 Materials,
 Environment,
 Issue of correct PPE
PROCEDURAL control includes –
 POLICY and STANDARDS
 RULES
 PROCEDURES
 PERMIT-TO-WORK
 AUTHORIZATION AND COORDINATION OF ACTIONS
 PURCHASING CONTROLS
 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS
 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
 PROCEDURES IN THE ISSUE, USE and MAINTENANCE of PPE

BEHAVIOURAL control includes –
 AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE, SKILL, COMPETENCE
 ATTITUDE, PERCEPTION, MOTIVATION,
COMMUNICATION
 SUPERVISION
 HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
 TRAINING IN THE ISSUE OF PPE

Analysing the Task
In analyzing the task, assessment of the task
must consider not only the job to be done, but
the environment where it is to be done, to
allow a full consideration of the hazards to be
made .

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (detailed review)
 The Task to be done
 Record each & every activity
 Evaluate risk of each activity
 The current controls & their adequacy
 Develop SSoW
 Implement the system
 Instruction & Training in the operation of the
system
 Monitoring the system.
EXAM QUESTION
a) Identify TWO examples of confined space that
may be found within a workplace. (2)
Ans. Page 155
b) Describe the main factors to consider when

preparing a safe system of work for entry into
confined space. (6)
Ans. Page 155
Confined Space
 Is a space which is small and difficult to enter,
exit or work in; and also a large space but with
limited/restricted access. It can also be a space
that is badly ventilated.

Confined Space Specified Occurrence
 Fire or Explosion
 Loss of consciousness or asphyxiation of any
person at work arising from gas
 Drowning of any person at work
 Asphyxiation of any person at work arising from
a free flowing solid
 Loss of consciousness of any person arising from
a high ambient temperature

Work in Confined Space (SSoW)
 Testing the atmosphere
 Safe access to and egress from confined spaces
 Respiratory protective equipment
 Emergency arrangements

Summary of Main Points for Confined Spaces
 Identify the hazards
 Prevent the need for entry
 Develop safe working practice
 Develop emergency procedures
 Provide training

EXAM QUESTION
Q) Identify factors to be considered to help
reduce the risks to workers required to work
alone. (8)
Ans. Page 156

Lone Workers
Are those who work by themselves without
close or direct supervision.

Factors To Consider To Lone Working
 Risk consideration
 Training
 Supervision
 Procedures for monitoring
 Medical considerations

PTW

EXAM QUESTION
(a) Give the meaning of the term ‘permit to work’
Ans. Page 158 (2)
(a) Identify THREE types of activity that may require

a permit to work, and Outline the reasons why in
EACH case. (6)
Ans. Page 161

Permit – To – Work System
A permit – to – work system is a formal written
system used to control certain types of jobs that
have high hazard potential.
PERMI
T

Role and function in controlling a SSoW
A PTW is an integral part of a safe system of work and
can help to properly manage work activities.
The role of a PTW system is to ensure that full and
proper consideration is given to the risks of particular
work that it relates to and to control the way of working
in order to ensure a safe system of work is followed.
PERMIT

Function Of PTW System
 Ensure The Proper Authorization Of Specified Work,
 Confirm the identity, nature, timing, extent and
limitations of the work,
 Establish criteria to be considered when identifying
hazards and what they are,
 Confirm that hazards have been removed, where
possible,
 Confirm that control measures are in place to deal with
residual hazards

Function Of PTW System
 Confirm Work Is Started, Suspended, Conducted And
Finished Safely,
 Control And Confirm Who Has Control Of The Location
And Equipment Relating To The Work When It Passes
Between Parties,
 Controlling Change And Considering Other Work
Activities That Might Interact With Specified Work,
 Providing a record of the steps in the process.

Circumstances In Which They May Be Appropriate
 Non – production work.
Ex. Maintenance, repairs, inspections, testing, alteration, construction,
dismantling, adaptation, modification, cleaning, etc.
 Non – routine operations.
 Jobs where two or more individuals or groups need to
coordinate activities to complete the job safely.
 Jobs where there is a transfer of work and responsibilities
from one group to another.

Circumstances In Which They May Be Appropriate
 Hot works
 Work on electrical systems
 Machinery/plant maintenance
 Confined spaces
 Work at heights

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NEBOSH

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 3

AIM : is to minimize the risks created by work activities,

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 6

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 7

(b) Identify health and safety targets that an

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 9

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 15

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 17

(b) Identify the key stages of a risk

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 19

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 20

“Is an analytical process that identifies

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 24

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 25

 First Line Manager

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 26

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 28

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 30

STEP 1 IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS

STEP 2 DECIDE WHO MIGHT BE HARMED & HOW

STEP 3 EVALUATE the RISK and DECIDE on PRECAUTIONS

STEP 4 RECORD your FINDINGS and IMPLEMENT THEM

STEP 5 REVIEW your ASSESSMENT and UPDATE if NECESSARY

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 31

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 33

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 35

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 36

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 37

b) Identify precautions that could be taken to

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Residual Risk is the risk which remains when

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WARNING SIGN PROHIBITION SIGN

MANDATORY SIGN SAFE CONDITION SIGN

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 59

Give reasons why PPE should be considered only

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 61

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 62

Identify sources of information that may be

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 64

Identify possible sources of information that could

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Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 66

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 67

Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 68

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Health & Safety Management System 3- Planning Slide 72