Wind Tunnel Simulation

Engineer name: karlo

Tue Feb 22 21:34:15 2022 Srednja Europa - ljet. vrij.

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Product of Altair Engineering Inc.

http://www.altair.com

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Contents
1 Summary 3

2 Dimensions 3

3 Mesh 4

4 Boundary Conditions and Solution Strategy 6

5 Results 6

6 References 12

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1 Summary
This report summarizes the results of an externalaerodynamic CFD analysis performed by Altair’s Virtual
Wind Tunnel, leveraging AcuSolve’s CFD technology.

The first section provides a brief overview of the run and its results.

AcuSolve version 2019.1

Simulation type steady
Element count 2521592
Run time ( Elapse time ) 0.015 h
Wind Tunnel Inlet 100.00 0.00 0.00 m/s
Drag coefficient, Cd 0.963
Lift coefficient, Cl 0.331

Table 1: Problem Information

2 Dimensions
This sections contains geometric dimensionsrelated to the wind tunnel and the body.

Wind tunnel, bounding box
Body, bounding box
Wind tunnel dimension
Body dimension
Frontal ref. area, Aref
Blockage ratio %
Distance inflow - body
[ 0.000, 140.000], [-35.000, 35.000], [ 0.000, 70.000]
[28.117, 98.117], [-14.985, 20.015], [26.677, 37.557]
140.000 m x 70.000 m x 70.000 m.
70.000 m x 35.000 m x 10.880 m.
380.809022 m2
7.77161269388
28.117 m

Table 2: Geometric Dimensions

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Figure 1: Virtual Wind Tunnel

3 Mesh
This section contains mesh statistics and screenshots of several cutting planes through the mesh.

Numb. of nodes 458109

Numb. of elements 2521592
Numb. of refinement zones 0

Table 3: Mesh statistics

Figure 2 Symmetry plane

Figure 3 Cross section

Table 4: Cutting planes through mesh

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Figure 2: Mesh in Flow Direction

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Figure 3: Mesh in Cross Direction

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4 Boundary Conditions and Solution Strategy
In this section the boundary conditions and the setup for the CFD run are listed.

Wind Tunnel Inlet 100.00 0.00 0.00 m/s

Wind Tunnel Outlet Pressure outlet
Slip Walls Top, right, left faces of wind tunnel
No-slip Walls wind tunnel ground, body, wheels, heat-exchange

Table 5: Boundary conditions

Simulation type steady

Number of time steps 2
Turbulence model Spalart-Allmaras
Moving ground False
Rotating wheels False

Table 6: Solution Strategy

Density 1.225 kg/m3

Dynamic Viscosity 1.8e-005 kg/m-sec

Table 7: Material Model

5 Results
In this section the results of the CFD run are reported. Table 8 gives an overview of the different result types.

Table 9 Drag, lift and cross coefficient of individual parts and their totals
Table 10 Drag area of individual parts and their totals
Figure 4 Drag, lift and cross coefficient history
Figure 9 Pressure contours on body
Figure 10 Pressure coefficient on body surface
Figure 11, 12, 13 Body Surface y+ contours
Figure 14, 15 Streamlines around body

Table 8: Results

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 Surface Drag Coefficient Lift Coefficient Cross Coefficient
NACA4415 0.96270 0.33122 0.02459
Total 0.962695300464 0.331220360703 0.024590012644

Table 9: Coefficients

Surface Drag Area

NACA4415 366.60306
Total 366.603055854

Table 10: Drag Areas

To compute the above aerodynamic coefficients, the following equations are used

2×Fx
• Drag coefficient, Cd = rho×v 2 ×Aref

2×Fz
• Lift coefficient, Cl = rho×v 2 ×Aref

2×Fy
• Cross coefficient, Cc = rho×v 2 ×Aref
with

• Fx , Fy , andFz , forces are acting on the body in x, y and z directions, respectively

• rho is density of fluid (1.225 kg/m3 )

• v is free stream velocity

• Aref is frontal projected area of the object

2×Fx
• Drag area, Cd × Aref = rho×v 2

p−pinf inity
• Pressure coefficient, Cp = 0.5×rho×v 2

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Figure 4: Coefficients

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Figure 5: pressure on Default SectionCut 1

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Figure 6: velocity magnitude on Default SectionCut 1

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Figure 7: pressure on Default SectionCut 2

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Figure 8: velocity magnitude on Default SectionCut 2

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Figure 9: Body Surface Pressure Contours

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Figure 10: Body Surface Pressure Coefficient

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Figure 11: Body Surface y+ Front View

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Figure 12: Body Surface y+ Rear View

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Figure 13: Body Surface y+ Bottom View

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Figure 14: Stream lines

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Figure 15: Stream lines Side View

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6 References
• Altair Engineering Inc, 2015, Virtual Wind Tunnel, Online Documentation

• Altair Engineering Inc, 2015, AcuSolve Command Reference Manual.

• Hucho, W.-H., 1997, Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles, SAE, ISBN 0-7680-0029-7.

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