EVS MCQs

Environment – Meaning &
Significance
Interactive Q&A Session
1. Environment means:
a. Surrounding (biotic + abiotic), in which organisms live
b. Atmosphere around one’s self
c. Sum total of social, economical, biological behaviour of animals
d. Sum total of developmental activities around
Ans: (a)
2. Unsustainable development is a result of:

a. Importance given to only economic and social patterns
b. No concern was given to maintain quality and quantity of the resource
c. Orientation only towards the importance of the economy of the country
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
3. An effective solution to the environmental pollution which is a serious threat
is:
a. Conservation of natural resources by sustainable development
b. Stop and avoid any pollution causing activity
c. Introduce new environmental legislation
d. To ignore the same
Ans: (a)
4. Which of the following is not the meaning of ecosystem:

a. Unit where in all organisms live a healthy life
b. A small unit that can be self sufficient
c. Co-existence of diverse things by mutual adjustment
d. A unit which includes all of the organisms in a given area interacting with the
physical environment to form a natural unit of stability
Ans: (b)
5. Which of it is not an example for an ecosystem:

a. Forest
b. Desert
c. Water
d. Grassland
Ans: (c)
6. The factors responsible for stable ecosystems are – balance between:

a. Predators and prey
b. Vegetation, herbivores and carnivores
c. Competing species and biotic factors
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
7. Nutrient cycling is most related to appropriately:

a. Energy, waste, nutrients
b. Autotrophs, nutrients, decomposers
c. Light, weight, nutrients
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
8. Light – a form energy in an ecosystem according to the 1st law of energy

consumption cannot be:
a. Transformed into work
b. Transformed into heat
c. Destroyed immediately
d. Transformed into potential energy of food
Ans: (c)
9. Which of the two are true:

1. Energy is lost as heat in an energy flow of an ecosystem
2. Nutrients are lost as energy in a Nutrient Cycle
3. Nutrients are recycled in a nutrient cycle of an ecosystem
4. Energy is recycled in an energy flow of an ecosystem
a. 2 & 4
b. 1 & 3
c. 1 & 2
d. 3 & 4
Ans: (b)
10. More crop per drop related to increase in food production is an objective of:
a. EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment)
b. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization)
c. ICID (International Commission of Irrigation and Drainage)
d. EIS (Environmental Impact Settlement)
Ans: (c)
11. Green revolution is:

a. Crop variety improvements
b. Increased use of fertilizers
c. Expansion of irrigation
d. All the above
Ans: (d)
12. Food security means:

a. Storing enough food sufficient for a life time
b. Ability of all people to access enough food at all times for an active and
healthy life
c. Availability of security to access food for a life time
d. Securing oneself from a hazardous health effects of food
Ans: (b)
13. Food security ensures:

a. Each person should have access to food
b. Food utilized must fulfill nutritional requirements
c. Food must be available
d. All the above
Ans: (d)
14. Habitat refers to

a. Physical conditions of the place where organisms live
b. Chemical conditions of the place where organisms live
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. Neither (a) nor (b)
Ans: (c)
15. Important physical factor responsible for a good habitat of an organism:

a. Light
b. Temperature
c. Humidity
d. All the above
Ans: (d)
16. Which of the following is not a prominent chemical responsible for a good
habitat:
a. Oxygen
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. SO2
d. Nutrients (minerals)
Ans: (c)
17. Essential components of social security:

a. Meeting personal growth and development
b. Maintaining natural capital
c. Fairness and equity in distribution of costs of resources
d. Community non-resilience
Ans: (b)
18. Socio economic security in environmental aspect involves:

a. Fairness and equity in distribution of costs of the complete existing
generation
b. Welfare of the present generation
c. Intra- and Inter-generational equity of resources
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
19. The term “Environment” has been derived from the French Word __________
which means to encircle or surround:
a. Environ
b. Oikos
c. Geo
d. Aqua
Ans: (a)
20. The objective of environmental education is:

a. Raise consciousness about environmental conditions
b. To teach environmentally appropriate behaviour
c. Create an environmental ethic
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
21. Which of the following conceptual spheres of the environment is having the
least storage capacity for matter:
a. Atmosphere
b. Lithosphere
c. Hydrosphere
d. Biosphere
Ans: (a)
22. Which of the following components of the environment are effective

transporters of matter:
a. Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
b. Atmosphere and Lithosphere
c. Hydrosphere and Lithosphere
d. Biosphere and Lithosphere
Ans: (a)
23. Biosphere is:

a. The solid shell of inorganic materials on the surface of the earth
b. The thin shell of organic matter on the surface of earth comprising of all
living things
c. The sphere which occupies the maximum value of all of the spheres
d. All of the above
Ans: (b)
24. Atmosphere consists of 79% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen by:

a. Volume
b. Weight
c. Density
d. All the three
Ans: (a)
25. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?:

a. Fungi
b. Solar Light
c. Temperature
d. Humidity
Ans: (a)
26. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is:

a. Bidirectional
b. Cyclic
c. Unidirectional
d. Multidirectional
Ans: (c)
27. The organisms who directly feed on producers are called:

a. Herbivores
b. Carnivores
c. Decomposers
d. Saprophytes
Ans: (a)
28. The sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called:

a. Food Chain
b. Carbon Cycle
c. Hydrological Cycle
d. Anthroposystem
Ans: (a)
29. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem?:

a. Plants and some bacteria capable of producing their own food
b. Animals
c. Human Beings
d. Fish
Ans: (a)
30. Which of the following statements is false?:

a. Inorganic nutrients are recycled in an ecosystem
b. Energy ‘flows’ through the ecosystem in the form of carbon-carbon bonds
c. Energy is recycled in an ecosystem
d. Respiration process releases energy
Ans: (c)
31. The largest reservoir of nitrogen in our planet is:

a. Oceans
b. Atmosphere
c. Biosphere
d. Fossil Fuels
Ans: (b)
32. In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton can be considered as a:

a. Consumer
b. Producer
c. Saprophytic organisms
d. Macroconsumer
Ans: (b)
33. In an ecosystem biological cycling of materials is maintained by:

a. Producer
b. Consumer
c. Decomposer
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
34. Abiotic component includes:

a. Soil
b. Temperature
c. Water
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
35. Which of the following statements is true:

a. Green plants are self nourishing
b. Producers depends on consumers
c. Biotic components include all non-living organisms
d. Herbivores depend on carnivores
Ans: (a)
36. Primary consumers are:

a. Herbivores
b. Carnivores
c. Macro consumers
d. Omnivores
Ans: (a)
37. Access to food is mainly determined by:

a. Household Income
b. Food Assistance Programme
c. Human Resources
d. Society/Community
Ans: (a)
38. Which of the following can be described as a terrestrial ecosystem?:

a. Forest
b. Grassland
c. Desert
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
39. Ecological pyramids are studies of:

a. Pyramid of numbers
b. Pyramid of biomass
c. Pyramid of energy
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
40. World Environment Day is on:

a. 5th May
b. 5th June
c. 18th July
d. 16th August
Ans: (b)
41. A food web consists of:
a. A portion of a food chain
b. An organisms position in the food chain
c. Interlocking food chains
d. A set of similar consumers
Ans: (c)
42. Which of the following statements is true?:

a. Man is not dependent on nature
b. Resources are unlimited, so one can use them as per one’s wish
c. Energy can be converted from one form to another, but some percentage is
lost into the environment
d. Matter can be generated afresh. It need not be recycled or reused.
Ans: (c)
43. Hydrological cycle mainly involves:

a. Sun and water
b. Air and water
c. Animals and water
d. Mountains and water
Ans: (a)
44. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrological cycle?:

a. Precipitation
b. Infiltration
c. Transpiration
d. Perspiration
Ans: (d)
45. Earth is made of three distinct layers:

a. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere
b. Core, Mantle, Crust
c. Ozonosphere, Thermosphere, Ionosphere
d. Exosphere, Heterosphere, Hydrosphere
Ans: (b)
46. Mesosphere is characterized by:

a. Low atmospheric pressure & cold temperature
b. Presence of mainly Nitrogen & Oxygen
c. Abrupt changes in velocity of Seismic waves
d. Tremendous temperature of around 50000C
Ans: (a)
47. Sustainability requires:

a. Conservation of resources
b. Minimizing depletion of non-renewable sources
c. Using sustainable practices for managing renewable resources
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
48. Which Pyramid is always upright?:

a. Energy
b. Biomass
c. Numbers
d. Food chain
Ans: (d)
49. The volume of Nitrogen present in the troposphere is:
a. 85%
b. 78%
c. 21%
d. 5%
Ans: (b)
50. Hydrological cycle is related to:

a. Water and electricity
b. Water cycle and balance
c. Water characterization
d. Hydropower
Ans: (b)
End of Unit I
Unit II: Effects of Human
Activities On The Environment
1. Fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture are hazardous which of the

following is not true above them:
a. They are non-degradable chemicals entering the food chain
b. Depletes the population of ecologically important soil micro organisms
c. Several non-target species that are useful to humans are also killed
d. They cause water logging
Ans: (d)
2. Which of the following is not a negative effect of irrigation on the

environment:
a. High salinity
b. Release of SO2
c. Water logging
d. Loss of soil fertility
Ans: (b)
3. Trickle irrigation reduces:

a. Percolation
b. Prevent salinization
c. Evaporation of water
d. All the above
Ans: (d)
4. Proper sanitation, sewage collection, and disposal facilities are problems of:
a. Agriculture
b. Housing
c. Industrialization
d. Mining
Ans: (b)
5. The right pH and Oxygen demand of industrial waste in comparison with

domestic wastewater is:
a. Industrial waste has neutral pH and high oxygen demand comparatively
b. Industrial waste has neutral pH and low oxygen demand comparatively
c. Industrial waste has either high/low pH and high oxygen demand
comparatively
d. Industrial waste has high/low pH and low oxygen demand comparatively
Ans: (c)
6. To avoid negative impact on the environment the most important

industrialization remedy is:
a. Industries should completely treat all types of generated waste as per the
prescribed standard before disposal
b. Industry should be closed
c. Law should not allow the upcoming of a new industry
d. None of the above
Ans: (a)
7. Mining means:
a. To check pollution due to mineral resources
b. To conserve and preserve the mineral resources
c. Process of extracting ores to obtain the metal of interest
d. All the above
Ans: (c)
8. Sustainable development means:

a. Meeting the needs of the present, and their progress without
compromising the needs of the future generation to meet their own needs
b. The release of solid, liquid and gaseous waste products into the
atmosphere due to various developmental activities
c. Effective method of providing education, employment, social service, etc.
d. Method of controlling pollution levels in the environment due to
developmental activities
Ans: (a)
9. Feature of sustainable development is:
a. Basic needs are satisfied and standard of living should be high
b. Developmental activities are taken care
c. No depletion and degradation of resources should take place
d. All the above
Ans: (d)
10. Control of population, rectifying the misuse, overuse and exploitation of

resources, recycling, replenishing and use of alternate energy resources
with minimal pollution levels, are important features of:
a. Sustainable development
b. Environmental Impact Assessment
c. Urbanization
Ans: (a)
11. Environmental Impact Assessment is a planning tool to:

a. To avoid the upcoming projects and developmental activities causing
pollution
b. To destroy the existing and on going activities causing negative impacts on
the environment
c. Anticipate future impact and optimal alternatives to developmental
activities
d. All the above
Ans: (c)
12. The important goal of EIA is:

a. Control pollution levels
b. Resource conservation
c. Stop developmental activities
d. Provision of basic needs of life
Ans: (b)
13. Which of the following is not the environmental effect of industrialization,

in general:
a. Solid Waste
b. Water Pollution
c. Air Pollution
d. Economic growth
Ans: (d)
14. Which of the following are major environmental issues involved in mining:
a. Air pollution from dust
b. Water pollution
c. Soil degradation
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
15. E.I.A. can be expanded as:

a. Environment & Industrial Act
b. Environment & Impact Activities
c. Environmental Impact Assessment
d. Environmentally Important Activity
Ans: (c)
16. E.I.A. is related to:

a. Resource Conservation
b. Efficient equipment/process
c. Waste Minimization
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
17. In order to protect the health of people living along the adjoining areas of
roads, one should:
a. Plant trees alongside of the roads
b. Not allow diesel driven vehicles
c. Shift people to other places
Ans: (a)
18. The pollution caused by transportation/vehicular activities depends on:

a. Type of vehicle’s engine
b. Age of the vehicle
c. Traffic congestion
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
19. Sustainable development will not aim at:

a. social economic development which optimizes the economic and societal benefits
available in the present, without spoiling the likely potential for similar benefits in
the future
b. reasonable and equitably distributed level of economic well being that can be
perpetuated continually
c. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
the future generations to meet their own needs
d. Maximizing the present day benefits through increased resource consumption
Ans: (a)
20. ‘Earth Day’ is held every year on:

a. 5th June
b. 23rd November
c. 22nd April
d. 26th January
Ans: (c)
21. Eutrophication is:

a. an improved quality of water in lakes
b. a process in carbon cycle
c. a water purification technique
d. the result in accumulation of plant nutrients in water bodies
Ans: (d)
22. The major purpose of most of the dams around the world is:
a. Irrigation
b. Drinking water supply
c. Power generation
d. Flood control
Ans: (a)
23. Soil erosion removes the soil surface which contains:

a. Organic matter
b. Plant nutrients
c. Both a. and b.
Ans: (c)
24. Water logging is a phenomena in which:

a. Crop patterns are rotated
b. Soil root zone becomes saturated due to over irrigation
c. Erosion of soil
Ans: (b)
25. The impact of construction of dams:

a. Submerges forest
b. Loss of wild life habitat
c. Damages the down-stream ecosystem
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
26. Which of the following statements is false:

a. Soil erosion effects the productivity of agricultural fields
b. It takes 300 years or more for one inch of agricultural top soil to form
c. The amount of erosion depends on soil type, slope, drainage pattern and
crop management practices
d. Soil erosion helps to retain water and nutrients in the root zone
Ans: (d)
27. Farmers have a tendency to:

a. Use optimum quantity of water
b. To over irrigate their crops
c. To conserve water
d. All of the above
Ans: (b)
28. Organic Farming is:

a. Farming without using pesticides and chemical fertilizers
b. Enhances biodiversity
c. Promotes soil biological activity
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
29. Environmental Impact Assessment:

a. Is a study of feasibility of a project
b. Is a study of bio-physical characteristics of the environment that may
result from a human action
c. Both a. and b.
Ans: (c)
30. EIA study will help:

a. Maximizing the benefits without overloading the planets ecosystem
b. To estimate the future needs of the society
c. To smooth implementation of the project
d. To cope up with the rigid growth of population
Ans: (a)
31. Ecosystem is disturbed by housing activity because:

a. Large volume of raw materials like brick, stone, timber, cement, steel,
plastic, etc. are required to be produced
b. Housing is required to provide shelter to the growing population
c. Majority of housing projects are concentrated in cities only
d. Standard of living is increased by modern houses
Ans: (a)
32. Effect of modern agriculture is due to:

a. Erosion
b. Acidification
c. Salinization
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
End of Unit II
Unit III: Natural Resources
1. Percentage of world’s total water supply that is considered easily

accessible fresh water for human use:
a. 1%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 100%
Ans: (a)
2. United States Public Health Standards (USPH) and Indian Standard

Institution are related to:
a. Water quality characterization
b. Water availability measurement
c. Water supply units
Ans: (a)
3. The permissible limit of the important constituent Lead in domestic water

as per BIS is:
a. 0.05 mg/l
b. 0.005 mg/l
c. 5 mg/l
d. 1 mg/l
Ans: (a)
4. Cholera, typhoid, meningitis, Hepatitis A and E are the diseases caused due
to:
a. Electromagnetic radiation
b. Radioactivity
c. Dirty water
d. Deforestation
Ans: (c)
5. Presence of high levels of nitrates in water causes:

a. Dehydration
b. Obesity
c. Blood disorders (Blue Baby Syndrome)
d. Fluorosis
Ans: (c)
6. Presence of pesticides in water causes cancer and neurological disorders

because of:
a. CO2
b. DDT and Heptachlor
c. Methane
d. SO2
Ans: (b)
7. Fluoride though is an effective agent to preventing dental caries, has a

permissible limit of:
a. 0.5 mg/l of water
b. 1.5 mg/l of water
c. 5 mg/l of water
d. 15 mg/l of water
Ans: (a)
8. Skeletal fluorosis is characterized by:

a. Severe and permanent bone joint deformation
b. Discoloured, blackened, mottled teeth
c. Nervous breakdown
d. Anemic
Ans: (a)
9. Fluorosis is caused due to:

a. No fluoride intake
b. Low fluoride intake
c. Excessive fluoride intake
Ans: (c)
10. Major source of fluoride is:

a. Water
b. Tooth paste
c. Food stuff
Ans: (a)
11. Mineral resources are:

a. Renewable
b. Non renewable
c. Equally distributed
Ans: (b)
12. The major renewable and important forest resources is:

a. Water
b. Mineral
c. Biodiversity
d. Wood
Ans: (d)
13. Forests are extremely important because it:

a. Provides clean water and clean air
b. Provides habitat for wild life
c. Provides recreation
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
14. Deforestation means:

a. Maintenance of forest for recreational purposes
b. Creating forest land for habitat of wild life
c. Conversion of forest land for agricultural land, cattle pastures, homes, etc.
d. Planting trees
Ans: (c)
15. Which of the following is not an adverse effect of deforestation:

a. Destruction of biodiversity
b. Dry up of moist land
c. Causing air and water pollution through dams and mining industries
d. Depletion in mineral resources
Ans: (d)
16. Respiration and photosynthesis are the keywords related to:

a. Nitrogen cycle
b. Sulphur cycle
c. Carbon cycle
d. Hydrological cycle
Ans: (c)
17. Carbon cycle involves:

a. Ammonia, nitrate and proteins
b. Carbon dioxide, water and energy
c. Sulphur dioxide, sulphate and proteins
Ans: (b)
18. Which of the following does not add to the release of CO2 to the
atmosphere in a carbon cycle:
a. Combustion of fossil fuels
b. Respiration by animals
c. Volcanoes and in limestone
d. Respiration by plants
Ans: (d)
19. Denitrification is a process where in:

a. Soil microorganisms break down soil nitrate into N2
b. Plants and animals release N2 to the atmosphere
c. Decay of dead organic residue releases N2 to the atmosphere
d. Release of N2 through volcanoes
Ans: (a)
20. Which of the following is not a source of organic residue in a Nitrogen cycle:
a. Decay of plants and animals
b. Excreta of animals
c. Water
d. Micro organisms
Ans: (c)
21. The role of sulphur bacteria in a sulphur cycle is to:

a. act as a media for exchange of sulphur within ecosystems
b. convert the dead plants and animals into organic residue
c. Both a. & b.
Ans: (a)
22. Extensive plantings of trees to increase forest cover is called:

a. Afforestation
b. Agroforestation
c. Deforestation
d. Social forestry
Ans: (a)
23. Both power and manure is provided by:

a. Nuclear plants
b. Thermal plants
c. Biogas plants
d. Hydroelectric plants
Ans: (c)
24. Decrease of oxygen levels in water causes:

a. Fluorosis
b. Death of aquatic life
c. Water pollution due to metabolism of organic matter in human wastes
(present in water)
d. All of the above
Ans: (b)
25. The important 3 minerals mined to the maximum extent are:

a. Coal, Petroleum and Mercury
b. Coal, Petroleum and Iron Ore
c. Petroleum, Radium and Xenon
d. Helium, Xenon and Coal
Ans: (b)
26. “The value of a forest is often higher when it is life standing than it could be
worth when it is harvested” which of the following is not supportive of the
above statement:
a. Increase in timber value as time passes
b. Increase in ecotourism
c. Increase in wild life
d. Increase in forest produce
Ans: (a)
27. Carbon content is higher in:

a. Soil
b. Atmosphere
c. Water
d. Living matter
Ans: (d)
28. Plants use ________ gas for photosynthesis:

a. Oxygen
b. Methane
c. Nitrogen
d. Carbon dioxide
Ans: (d)
29. Deforestation means:

a. preservation of forests
b. destruction of forests
c. mono-crop cultivation
d. agriculture
Ans: (b)
30. What percentage of a geographical area of a country should be under

forest cover:
a. 23%
b. 43%
c. 13%
d. 33%
Ans: (d)
31. About _______ % of the earth’s surface is covered by water:

a. 53%
b. 19%
c. 71%
d. 90%
Ans: (c)
32. During photosynthesis, a tree produces:

a. Oxygen
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. Nitrogen
d. Carbon Monoxide
Ans: (a)
33. Forests prevent soil erosion by binding soil particles in their:

a. stems
b. roots
c. leaves
d. buds
Ans: (b)
34. Major causes of deforestation are:

a. Shifting cultivation
b. Fuel requirements
c. Raw materials for industries
d. All of these
Ans: (d)
35. Methaemoglobinemia is caused by the contamination of water due to:

a. Phosphates
b. Sulphur
c. Arsenic
d. Nitrates
Ans: (d)
36. Which of the following statements about forests are incorrect:

a. Forests reduces soil erosion
b. Provides recreational opportunities
c. Provides a source of economic development
Ans: (d)
37. India has the largest share of which of the following?:

a. Manganese
b. Mica
c. Copper
d. Diamond
Ans: (b)
38. Out of the following nutrients in fertilizers, which one causes minimum
water pollution:
a. Nitrogen
b. Phosphorus
c. Potassium
d. Organic matter
Ans: (c)
39. What is the permissible range of pH for drinking water as per the Indian Standards?:
a. 6 to 9
b. 6.5 to 7.5
c. 6 to 8.5
d. 6.5 to 8.5
Ans: (d)
40. What is the maximum allowable concentration of fluorides in drinking water:

a. 1.0 mg/l
b. 1.25 mg/l
c. 1.50 mg/l
d. 1.75 mg/l
Ans: (c)
41. Excess fluorides in drinking water is likely to cause:

a. Blue babies
b. Fluorosis
c. Taste and Odour
d. Intestinal Irritation
Ans: (b)
42. The movement of carbon between _________ is called carbon cycle:

a. Atmosphere & biosphere
b. Atmosphere & hydrosphere
c. Geosphere & atmosphere
d. Biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere & geosphere
Ans: (d)
43. Plants can take up nitrogen in two forms:

a. NH4+ & NO3
b. NH3 & N2
c. NO3
d. NO2
Ans: (a)
44. Conversion of ammonium to NO3 by chemical oxidation is termed as:

a. Mineralization
b. Leaching
c. Nitrification
d. Denitrification
Ans: (c)
45. Nitrogen fixing bacteria exists in the _______ of plants:

a. Leaf
b. Roots
c. Stem
d. Flower
Ans: (b)
46. Live stock wastes release large amount of __________ into the environment:
a. NH4
b. NH3
c. NO3
d. NO4
Ans: (c)
47. Conversion of nitrates into gases of nitrogen is called _________:

a. Nitrification
b. Nitrogen fixing
c. Reduction
d. Denitrification
Ans: (d)
48. Forest rich area in Karnataka is found in:

a. Western Ghats
b. Bandipur
c. Nagarhole
d. Mangalore
Ans: (a)
49. _________ are referred to as the Earth’s lungs:

a. Forests
b. Carbon cycles
c. Water sources
d. Mines
Ans: (a)
50. The important factor that causes water borne diseases is:
a. Using contaminated sewage for irrigation
b. Leaching of untreated faecal and urinary discharges into water bodies
c. Discharge of industrial waste water
d. By eating contaminated food
Ans: (b)
51. Cholera & typhoid are caused by:

a. Worms
b. Virus
c. Bacteria
d. Fungus
Ans: (c)
52. Major sources of fluoride is:

a. Tooth paste
b. Groundwater
c. Food products
d. River water
Ans: (b)
53. Disfigurement in the teeth is caused by excessive amount of:

a. Mercury
b. Nitrate
c. Fluoride
d. Lead
Ans: (c)
54. Control of water borne diseases can be achieved effectively by:

a. Treatment of disease
b. By consuming mineral water
c. By proper treatment of wastewater & protecting the source of water
d. By vaccination
Ans: (c)
55. Which of the following is not a natural mineral?:

a. Asbestos
b. Feldspar
c. Phosphate
d. Nitrogen
Ans: (d)
56. The oceans are the largest storage of water on earth containing:
a. Amount of rainfall
b. Geological formations
c. Runoff
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
57. The groundwater depends on:

a. Amount of rainfall
b. Geological formations
c. Runoff
d. All of the above
Ans: (c)
58. In India, groundwater is rich in:

a. Plains of rivers Kaveri and Krishna
b. Plains of Netravati and Kapila
c. The Gangetic Plains
d. The Deccan Plateau
Ans: (c)
59. The required Iron content in drinking water as specified by BIS is:
a. 300 mg/l
b. 30 mg/l
c. 3 mg/l
d. 0.3 mg/l
Ans: (d)
60. Fixation of Nitrogen is done by:

a. Lightening
b. Fixing bacteria
c. Fertilizer factory
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
End of Unit III
Unit IV: Energy & Alternative
Sources
1. Identify the renewable source of energy from the following:

a. Coal
b. Wind power
c. Uranium
d. Oil
Ans: (b)
2. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel:

a. Gas
b. Oil
c. Peat
d. Uranium
Ans: (d)
3. Coal denotes:
a. Solid fossil fuel obtained from partial degradation of plants
b. Gaseous fuel obtained from underground strata
c. Volatile matter obtained by anaerobic decay of marine plant and animals
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
4. Coal is a dirty fuel to burn mainly because it emits:

a. O2
b. N2
c. H2
d. SO2
Ans: (d)
5. Ash is a product of combustion of:

a. Crude petroleum
b. Coal
c. Uranium
Ans: (b)
6. Natural gas consists mainly of:

a. Ethane
b. Propane
c. Butane
d. Methane
Ans: (d)
7. LPG is a mixture of:

a. N2 & H2S
b. CO2 & N2
c. Propane and butane
d. Methane and ethane
Ans: (c)
8. The most important fuel used by nuclear power plants is:

a. 235U
b. 238U
c. 245U
d. 248U
Ans: (a)
9. Nuclear fission reaction involves:

a. Atoms of two elements combining to form a heavier element
b. Atoms splitting into smaller fragments
c. Heating of atoms to radiate energy
Ans: (b)
10. The atom bomb in a nuclear explosive is based on:

a. Nuclear fission reaction
b. Nuclear hydrogen reaction
c. Nuclear fusion reaction
d. All of the above
Ans: (a)
11. The Chernobyl disaster in 1986 was an accident in a:

a. Leakage in a gas plant
b. Petroleum industry
c. Nuclear power plant
Ans: (c)
12. Which of the following is a hazard of a Nuclear Power Plant:

a. Accident risk when tankers containing fuel cause spills
b. Radioactive waste of the plant remains highly toxic for centuries
c. Release of toxic gases during processing
Ans: (b)
13. Nuclear fusion reaction occurs in:

a. The sun
b. Stars
c. Hydrogen bomb
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
14. Nuclear fusion reaction holds the promise of being a better source of
energy than nuclear fission reaction because:
a. The fuel for fusion is almost infinitely available
b. It has minimal pollution problems
c. High energy output/unit mass
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
15. Solar energy is an ideal energy source because of:

a. Unlimited supply
b. No air and water pollution
c. Free of by-products
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
16. A solar cell generates electricity from sunlight by:

a. Flow of charge carriers
b. Flow of heat
c. Flow of energy
d. Flow of electrolyte
Ans: (a)
17. Choose the sequence of production of electricity from hydrogen:

i. Electrolysis of water
ii. Performing a fuel cell reaction
iii. Storage of hydrogen
a. (i), (ii) and (iii)
b. (i), (iii) and (ii)
c. (ii), (iii) and (i)
d. (ii), (i) and (iii)
Ans: (b)
18. The only disadvantage of a hydrogen energy source is:

a. Takes more energy to produce hydrogen than the energy that could be obtained from it
b. Causes air and water pollution
c. Releases toxic by products
d. Hazardous effects due to risks of leakage
Ans: (a)
19. Biomass power generation uses:

a. Crops
b. Animal dung
c. Wood
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
20. Production of biomass energy mainly involves:

a. Release of methane
b. Water pollution
c. Soil damage
d. SO2
Ans: (a)
21. Biogas fuel is produced by:

a. Microbial activity
b. Harvesting crops
c. Both a. & b.
d. Neither a. & b.
Ans: (a)
22. Dams and reservoirs mainly focus on:

a. Power production
b. Irrigation and flood control
c. Recreation
Ans: (b)
23. Dam construction leads to:

a. Irrecoverable loss of species and wild life habitat
b. Deforestation
c. Water logging
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
24. Current annual production of coal would last for the next:
a. 200 years
b. 1000 years
c. 25 years
d. 10 years
Ans: (a)
25. Oil and natural gas are preferred to fossil fuels because of:
a. Easy transportation
b. Higher availability
c. Strong smell
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
26. Nuclear fission reaction involves the bombardment of 235U by:

a. Electrons
b. Neutrons
c. Protons
d. Alpha radiation
Ans: (b)
27. Which of them is not a constraint to harness better solar energy is:
a. Sunlight is diffused and intermittent
b. Technology is expensive
c. Non availability throughout the year
d. Pollution problem
Ans: (d)
28. The important source of EMR is:

a. Water
b. Radiant heat
c. Natural gas
d. The sun
Ans: (d)
29. The important alternative source of energy that requires research is:
a. Hydrogen production
b. Nuclear fission reaction
c. Hydropower
d. Electromagnetic radiation
Ans: (a)
30. Which of the following is considered as an alternate promising fuel?:

a. CNG
b. Kerosene
c. Coal
d. Petrol
Ans: (a)
31. Solar radiation consists of:

a. UV
b. Visible light
c. Infrared
d. All of these
Ans: (d)
32. Reduction in usage of fuels cannot be brought about by:

a. Using alternate fuels
b. Changing lifestyles
c. Reducing car taxes
d. Both a. & b.
Ans: (c)
33. Oil and gas are preferred because of:

a. Easy transportation
b. Cheap
c. Strong smell
d. All of the above
Ans: (a)
34. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in the year:

a. 1984
b. 1952
c. 1986
d. 1987
Ans: (c)
35. Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy:

a. Fossil fuels
b. Solar energy
c. Tidal wave energy
d. Wind energy
Ans: (a)
36. Which of the following is a disadvantage of most of the renewable energy

sources:
a. Highly polluting
b. High waste disposal cost
c. Unreliable supply
d. High running cost
Ans: (c)
37. ‘OTEC’ is an energy technology that converts:

a. energy in large tides of ocean to generate electricity
b. energy in ocean waves to generate electricity
c. energy in oceans due to thermal gradients to generate electricity
d. energy in the fast moving ocean currents to generate electricity
Ans: (c)
38. Which of the following source of energy is less eco-friendly?:

a. Biogas
b. Wind
c. Solar
d. Nuclear
Ans: (d)
39. India’s position in the Bio-gas plants globally:

a. 5th
b. 2nd
c. 4th
d. 7th
Ans: (b)
40. Identify the non-renewable source of energy from the following:

a. Coal
b. Fuel cells
c. Wind power
d. Wave power
Ans: (a)
41. Electromagnetic radiation can cause:

a. Plague
b. Cancer
c. Dengue Fever
d. Malaria
Ans: (b)
42. Wind Farms are located in:

a. River basin
b. Plain area
c. Hilly area
d. Valley area
Ans: (c)
43. Wind energy generation depends on:

a. Direction of wind
b. Velocity of wind
c. Humidity
d. Precipitation
Ans: (b)
44. With a minimum resource, maximum energy can be created by:

a. Solar radiation
b. Wind
c. Nuclear fuels
d. Tidal waves
Ans: (c)
45. Direct conversion of solar energy is attained by:

a. solar photo voltaic system
b. solar diesel hybrid system
c. solar thermal system
d. solar air heater
Ans: (a)
46. In Hydropower plants, power is generated by:

a. hotsprings
b. wind
c. sun
d. water
Ans: (d)
47. Hydrogen energy can be tapped through:

a. fuel cells
b. photovoltaic cells
c. gasifiers
d. heat pumps
Ans: (a)
48. Problems of Hydrogen fuel cell is:

a. Storage and Distribution
b. Availability of Hydrogen
c. Creates Pollution
Ans: (a)
49. Nuclear power is being produced from:

a. Carbon-14
b. Nuclear fission
c. Petroleum combustion
d. Natural gas
Ans: (b)
50. Nuclear fusion uses the following as a fuel:

a. Carbon
b. Helium
c. Hydrogen
d. Water
Ans: (c)
51. Which is the source of energy that can be replaced at the same rate at
which it is used?:
a. Coal
b. Petroleum
c. Oil
d. Biomass
Ans: (d)
52. Biomass consists of:

a. Lignin
b. Hemi cellulose
c. Cellulose
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
53. Nuclear wastes is active for:

a. 5 years
b. 10 years
c. 50 years
d. centuries
Ans: (d)
54. Nuclear power plant in Karnataka is located at:

a. Bhadravathi
b. Sandur
c. Raichur
d. Kaiga
Ans: (d)
55. Fossil fuels are converted into energy by:

a. burning
b. cooling
c. sublimation
d. melting
Ans: (a)
56. Which place in India has experimented with tidal energy ?:

a. Goa
b. Karnataka
c. Kerala
d. Tamil Nadu
Ans: (c)
57. Highest producer of Oil and Petroleum is:

a. Middle East Countries
b. America
c. China
d. India
Ans: (a)
58. Cow dung can be used:

a. as manure
b. for production of biogas
c. as fuel
d. all of the above
Ans: (d)
59. Biogas is a gaseous fuel composed mainly of:

a. Methane and Carbon Dioxide
b. Methane and Hydrogen Sulphide
c. Methane and Carbon Monoxide
Ans: (a)
60. Molasses from the sugar industry is used to generate:

a. Biodiesel
b. Hydrogen
c. Bioethanol
d. Biomethanol
Ans: (c)
End of Unit IV
Unit V: Environmental Pollution
1. Which of the following is the source of ground water?:

a. Oceans
b. Springs
c. Rivers
d. All
Ans: (b)
2. Which of the following is the source of surface water?:

a. Streams
b. Springs
c. Deep wells
d. All
Ans: (a)
3. Rivers:
a. Cannot be used as a source of water supply for nearby cities
b. Cannot be used for navigation and irrigation purposes
c. Can act as an agent of purification of wastes to a certain degree
d. Cannot be used as water bodies for dumping various effluents from
industries
Ans: (c)
4. Which of the following is the anthropogenic source of organic matter in water?

:
a. Domestic sewage
b. Pulp mill effluent
c. Products or by-products of industrial processes
d. All
Ans: (d)
5. Which of the following compounds is toxic to human beings?:

a. Amino acids
b. Polychlorinated biphenyls
c. Vitamins
d. Proteins
Ans: (b)
6. Water is an excellent solvent because:

a. It has a high dielectric constant
b. It is volatile
c. Both (a) & (b)
d. None of these
Ans: (a)
7. Many rivers of the world are polluted due to:

a. Heavy flux of sewage
b. Industrial effluents
c. Agricultural wastes
d. All the above
Ans: (d)
8. The deterioration of life supporting qualities of natural lakes and estuaries is

generally caused by excessive fertilization due to effluents rich in:
a. Toxic metals
b. Nitrogen
c. Silt and Grit
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
9. Water bodies may be deteriorated by:

a. Aquatic animals
b. Phytoplankton
c. Decomposed vegetation
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
10. Which of the following processes are anthropogenic sources of water

pollution:
a. Industrial processes
b. Use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture
c. Mining Processes
d. All of these
Ans: (d)
11. Which of the following property is indicative of water pollution?:

a. Colourless
b. Odourless
c. Oil and Grease
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
12. Physical pollution of water is due to:

a. Dissolved oxygen
b. Turbidity
c. pH
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
13. Which of the following industry generates coloured wastes?:

a. Software industry
b. Textile industry
c. Biomedical industry
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
14. Turbidity in water mainly arises from:

a. pH
b. Dissolved Solids
c. Colloidal Matter
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
15. Odour in water can be eliminated by:

a. Changing pH
b. Increasing dissolved solids
c. Aeration
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
16. Bacteriological pollution of water is due to the presence of:

a. Silt and Grit
b. Parasitic Worms
c. Suspended Particles
d. Floating Materials
Ans: (b)
17. The effluents from urban areas contain:

a. Oil and Grease
b. Detergents
c. Nutrients
d. All the above
Ans: (d)
18. Polluted groundwater is the major cause for the spread of epidemic and
chronic diseases in man. It may cause:
a. Arthritis
b. Diarrhea
c. Anemia
d. All of the above
Ans: (b)
19. Which of the following is important for the process of eutrophication:

a. Nitrogen
b. Chlorine
c. Sodium
d. None of these
Ans: (a)
20. Which of the following statement is not true?:

a. Sewage contains nitrogen and phosphorus
b. The main source of nitrogen in water is the agricultural run off
c. Sewage contains large amounts of phosphate based detergents
d. None of the these
Ans: (d)
21. Accumulation of sewage and domestic wastes in water bodies:

a. Increase the water level
b. Retards the self-purifying ability of water
c. Makes water useful for agriculture
d. All of the above
Ans: (b)
22. Which of the following statement about pesticides is wrong?:

a. They pollute the air through volatilization
b. They do not pollute the aquatic ecosystem because they are carried there
by rain water
c. They are toxic to human beings
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
23. Thermal power plants pollute the water by adding:

a. Heavy Metals
b. Heat
c. Dissolved Solids
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
24. Which of the following is oxygen demanding waste?:

a. Human waste
b. Heavy metals
c. Detergents
d. All of these
Ans: (a)
25. Lead poisoning may cause:

a. Reduction in haemoglobin
b. Kidney damage
c. Mental retardation
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
26. Which of the following statements is not correct?:

a. Soil erosion by natural process gives rise to sediment pollution in water
b. Sediments are the sources of organic and inorganic matter in water bodies
c. Sediments do not contain organic matter
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
27. Maximum dissolved oxygen is required by:

a. Fish
b. Bacteria
c. Vertebrates
d. All of the above
Ans: (a)
28. The process of rainwater harvesting:

a. Is detrimental to the environment
b. Helps to improve the groundwater quality
c. Decreases the collection of water in dams
d. All of the above
Ans: (b)
29. Recycled wastewater can be used for:

a. Crop Irrigation
b. Landscape Gardening
c. Replenishing fast depleting aquifers
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
30. Which of the following industry produces inorganic process wastes?:

a. Hotel wastes
b. Cola manufacturing plant
c. Metallurgical plant
d. All of the above
Ans: (c)
31. Which of the following industries are primarily responsible for the
production of organic wastes:
a. Food Processing
b. Breweries
c. Distilleries
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
32. Chlorine can be used in water/wastewater treatment:

a. To kill pathogenic microorganisms
b. To increase the pH
c. To clear the turbidity
d. All of the above
Ans: (a)
33. Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution:

a. Factories
b. Sewage Treatment Plants
c. Urban and suburban lands
d. All of the above
Ans: (c)
34. The most abundant element in the Earth’s crust is:

a. Oxygen
b. Silicon
c. Sodium
d. Iron
e. Aluminium
Ans: (a)
35. The primary source of organic matter in soil is:

a. Plant tissues such as growing and dead plants
b. Litter such as leaves and branches that have fallen on the surface
c. Both a. & b.
Ans: (c)
36. The extent of leaching depends on:

a. Rainfall
b. Irrigation
c. Soil Texture
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
37. Fly ash severely pollutes air, water and soil, which of the following is the source of fly
ash:
a. Thermal power plants
b. Vehicular exhaust
c. Sewage
d. None of these
Ans: (a)
38. Mining practices lead to:

a. Population growth
b. Rapid industrialization
c. Loss of grazing and fertile land
Ans: (c)
39. The main disadvantage of genetically engineered food crops is:

a. Increase in yield
b. More resistance to diseases
c. Human allergies
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
40. Which of the following cannot be recycled?:

a. Water
b. Scrap Iron
c. Plastic
Ans: (d)
41. Integrated Pest Management is:

a. Ecologically sound
b. Economically not viable
c. Socially Unacceptable
d. All of the above
Ans: (a)
42. Which of the following cannot be recycled?:

a. Water
b. Scrap Iron
c. Plastic
Ans: (d)
43. Which of the following is a major cause of soil pollution?:

a. Accidents involving the vehicles that are transporting waste material
b. Pesticides and chemical fertilizers from agricultural lands
c. Improper solid waste disposal
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
44. Which of the following is one of the classifications of Noise?:

a. Noise from animals
b. Occupational noise
c. Noise at public places
Ans: (b)
45. Road traffic noise varies depending on:

a. Number and type of operating vehicles
b. Traffic density
c. The hour of day
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
46. Which of the following type of noise is least serious?:

a. Rail traffic noise
b. Aircraft noise
c. Road traffic noise
d. Industrial noise
Ans: (a)
47. Which of the following noise sources has maximum sound level in dB:
a. Normal conversation
b. Average office
c. Boiler factory
d. All of the above
Ans: (c)
48. Which of the following vehicle emits noise at the maximum ear level (in dB)
of the driver?:
a. Scooter
b. Bus
c. Car
d. Auto
Ans: (b)
49. The sound beyond which of the following level can be regarded as a
pollutant:
a. 40 dB
b. 80 dB
c. 120 dB
d. 150 dB
Ans: (b)
50. Blaring sounds are known to cause:

a. Mental distress
b. High cholesterol
c. Neurological problems
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
51. Noise pollution can be minimized by:

a. Urbanization
b. Maintaining silence
c. Reducing noise at source
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
52. Noise is:

a. Loud sound
b. Unwanted sound
c. Constant sound
d. Sounds of high frequency
Ans: (b)
53. Which of the following are biodegradable pollutants:

a. Plastics
b. Domestic Sewage
c. Detergents
d. All of the above
Ans: (b)
54. Which of the following are natural sources of air pollution?:

a. Volcanic eruption
b. Solar flare
c. Earthquake
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
55. Which of the following is a source of fly ash?:

a. Vehicular exhaust
b. Sewage
c. Thermal Power Plants
d. All of the above
Ans: (c)
56. The liquid waste from baths and kitchens is called:

a. Sullage
b. Domestic sewage
c. Storm waste
d. Run off
Ans: (a)
57. Smog is a:
a. Natural phenomenon
b. Combination of smoke and fog
c. Colourless
d. All of the above
Ans: (b)
58. Air pollution from automobiles can be controlled by fitting:

a. Electrostatic precipitator
b. Wet scrubber
c. Catalytic converter
d. All of the above
Ans: (c)
59. Which of the following statements about carbon monoxide is true?:

a. Forms complex compounds with haemoglobin
b. Forms complex compounds with leg-haemoglobin
c. Forms by the imcomplete combustion of fossil fuels
d. Both a. & c.
Ans: (d)
60. Which of the following is a point source of water pollution?:

a. Factories
b. Sewage treatment plants
c. Urban and sub-urban lands
d. a. & b.
Ans: (d)
61. Noise pollution is controlled by:

a. Reducing the noise at source
b. Preventing its transmission
c. Protecting the receiver
d. All the above
Ans: (d)
62. Noise pollution limits at a residential area is:

a. 85 dB
b. 75 dB
c. 45 dB
d. 65 dB
Ans: (c)
63. Which of the following are non-biodegradable?:

a. Plastics
b. Domestic Sewage
c. Detergents
d. a. & c.
Ans: (d)
64. Noise pollution limits in an industrial area is:

a. 85 dB
b. 55 dB
c. 65 dB
d. 75 dB
Ans: (c)
65. Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant?:

a. CO
b. O3
c. SO2
d. CO2
Ans: (b)
66. Pesticides cause:

a. Eye irritation
b. Skin irritation
c. Respiratory ailments
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
End of Unit V
Unit VI: Environmental Issues
1. Which of the following is not a population characteristic?:

a. Doubling Time
b. Total Fertility Rate
c. Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate
d. Infant Mortality Rate
Ans: (c)
2. Population explosion will cause:

a. Biodiversity
b. Stress on ecosystem
c. More employment
Ans: (b)
3. Migration of people from rural areas to urban towns is due to:

a. Employment opportunities
b. Education facilities
c. Better infrastructure
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
4. Demography is the study of:

a. Animal’s behaviour
b. Population growth
c. Rivers
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
5. Which of the following age structure pyramid indicates stable population?:

a. Pyramid shaped
b. Bell shaped
c. Urn shaped
Ans: (b)
6. Population explosion will cause:

a. Socio-economical problems
b. Political problems
c. Energy crisis
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
7. Which of the following is having high population density?:

a. India
b. China
c. U.S.A.
d. Western Europe
Ans: (a)
8. Which of the following is not the effect of urbanization?:

a. Air Pollution
b. Thermal Power Pollution
c. Solid Waste Production
d. Noise Pollution
Ans: (b)
9. Which of the following is the facility that the urban people enjoy?:
a. Better communication access
b. Better quality of air
c. Large land at cheap rates
Ans: (a)
10. Which of the following is the remedy for ill effects of urbanization?:
a. Development of satellite towns
b. Increase in the number of slums
c. Making cities uninhabitable
Ans: (a)
11. Urbanization is:

a. Local environmental issues
b. National environmental issues
c. Both a. & b.
d. Not at all an issue
Ans: (c)
12. Which of the following is the ill effect of urbanization?:

a. Decrease in agricultural land
b. Loss of greenery
c. Loss of water bodies
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
13. Which of the following is the factor adversely influencing automobile pollution?:
a. Free moving traffic
b. High vehicular density
c. Broad and smooth roads
Ans: (b)
14. Which of the following is the reason for automobile pollution in our country?:
a. Poor quality of fuel
b. Advancement in automobile technology
c. Congested traffic
d. Outdated vehicles
Ans: (b)
15. Which of the following chemical is not emitted by vehicles?:

a. Aluminium Trioxide
b. Carbon Monoxide
c. Oxides of Nitrogen
d. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
Ans: (a)
16. Which of the following is the current control measure to reduce the
automobile pollution?:
a. Total ban on vehicles
b. Outer ring roads
c. Alternative fuels
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
17. Which of the following pollutant is not emitted by leaded gasoline vehicles?:
a. Peroxyacetylnitrate
b. Hydrocarbons
c. Sulphur Dioxide
d. Lead
Ans: (a)
18. The diesel vehicles pollute the environment largely through:

a. NOx
b. CO
c. Unburnt hydrocarbons
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
19. Increase in asthma attacks has been linked to high levels of:
a. Oxygen
b. Airborne dust particles
c. Nitrogen
d. All of the above
Ans: (b)
20. Two stroke motorcycles emit:

a. Carbon Monoxide
b. Unburnt Hydrocarbons
c. Both a. & b.
Ans: (c)
21. Which of the following is an oxygen supplier and used to reduce CO during
fuel combustion in an automobile engine?:
a. Cyclo-alkane
b. Ethanol
c. Oxides of nitrogen
Ans: (b)
22. Which among the following is considered to be a clean fuel?:

a. CNG
b. Electricity
c. Diesel
d. Petrol
Ans: (b)
23. Which of the following oxygenate is biodegradable?:

a. MTBE
b. C2H5OH
c. TBA
d. ETBE
Ans: (b)
24. Which of the following air pollution control devices are suitable for
removing the finest dust from the air?:
a. Settling Chamber
b. Electrostatic Precipitator
c. Fabric Filter
d. Cyclone Separator
Ans: (b)
25. The meaning of greenhouse is:

a. House surrounded by greenery
b. House painted with green colour
c. House made of glass for growing plants
d. All of the above
Ans: (c)
26. The meaning of global warming is:

a. Increase in the temperature of the climate
b. A planet hotter than earth
c. Solar radiation
Ans: (a)
27. Solar radiation consists of:

a. Near UV region
b. Visible region
c. Infrared region
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
28. Which of the following is not a green house gas?:

a. CO2
b. SO2
c. O3
d. Water Vapour
Ans: (b)
29. Water vapour absorbs IR in the given region:

a. 2.5 to 3.5 µm
b. 5 to 7 µm
c. Above 7 µm
d. All are correct
Ans: (d)
30. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?:

a. N2O
b. CFC’s
c. HFA’s
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
31. Nitrous oxide:

a. causes global warming
b. depletes the ozone layer
c. is not an air pollutant
Ans: (a)
32. Which of the following is not a source of nitrous oxide?:

a. Soil and oceans
b. Biomass burning
c. Domesticated animals
d. Industrial processing and automobiles
Ans: (c)
33. Which of the following gases has a maximum GWP:

a. CFC
b. N2O
c. CH4
d. CO2
Ans: (a)
34. Which of the following statement is incorrect?:

a. Methane is released during extraction and inefficient combustion of fossil
fuels
b. Digestive tracts of cattle, sheep and goats are sources of CH4
c. Methane is not an air pollutant
d. Coal mines are the major source of CH4
Ans: (c)
35. The global warming may bring about the following changes in the climate
of the earth:
a. Increase in the rainfall
b. Desertification
c. Drought
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
36. The rising level of CO2 in the atmosphere can be reduced by:
a. Increase in forest cover
b. Use of renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind energy
c. Minimizing the use of fossil fuels
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
37. Which of the following are natural sinks for CO2:

a. Oceans
b. Volcanoes
c. Rivers
Ans: (a)
38. Which of the following is not the effect of global warming?:

a. unpredictable weather pattern
b. adverse effect on food production
c. direct impact on the health of human beings
Ans: (c)
39. The major automobile pollutants include:

a. CO2, NOx, Hydrocarbons and SPM
b. CO, NOx, Hydrocarbons and SPM
c. CO, NOx, Freon’s and SPM
d. CO, NOx, Hydrocarbons and CH4
Ans: (b)
40. Petroleum based vehicles emit traces of:

a. CO and NOx
b. SPM
c. Aldehydes
d. CH4
Ans: (c)
41. Heavy duty diesel vehicles contribute more:

a. NOx
b. Particulate matter
c. CO
d. Both a. & b.
Ans: (d)
42. Major pollutants from light petrol vehicles are:

a. CO and Hydrocarbons
b. CO and NOx
c. CH4 and CO2
d. All of the above
Ans: (a)
43. The 4-stroke engines produce less of the following as compared to 2-

stroke engines:
a. CO and Hydrocarbons
b. NOx and SO2
c. Both a. & b.
Ans: (a)
44. The major cause of global population growth in the 18th and 19th centuries
was:
a. Decrease in death rates
b. Decrease in birth rates
c. Industrial Revolution
Ans: (c)
45. The world population in 2000 was around:

a. 8.0 billion
b. 4.5 billion
c. 4.0 billion
d. 6.1 billion
Ans: (d)
46. The average life expectancy around the world is currently:

a. Decreasing
b. Increasing
c. Not changing
d. Stablilizing
Ans: (b)
47. Which of the following is the problem not associated with population
growth:
a. Increased resource consumption
b. Environmental pollution
c. Food and energy shortages
Ans: (d)
48. The major objectives of family welfare programmes in India is:

a. Disease control
b. Population growth rate control
c. Employment generation
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
49. Population ageing is:

a. the increase in the average age of the population
b. The result of decreased death and birth rates
c. The trend where more people live to reach old age while fewer children are
born
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
50. Which green house gas is known as colourless, non-flammable, sweetish

odour and laughing gas:
a. Methane
b. CO2
c. Nitrous Oxide
d. Sulphur Hexa-fluoride
Ans: (c)
51. The first of the major environmental protection act to be promulgated in

India was:
a. Water Act
b. Air Act
c. Environment Act
d. Noise Pollution Rules
Ans: (a)
52. The international protocol to protect the ozone layer is:

a. Vienna Protocol
b. Kyoto Protocol
c. Cartagena Protocol
d. Montreal Protocol
Ans: (d)
53. The protocol that reduces green house gas emissions are:
a. Cartagena Protocol
b. Vienna Protocol
c. Kyoto Protocol
d. Montreal Protocol
Ans: (c)
54. Which of the following is not a green house gas?:

a. Hydrofluorocarbons
b. Methane
c. CO2
d. SO2
Ans: (d)
55. Global warming could affect:

a. Climate
b. Increase in sea level
c. Melting of glaciers
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
56. Primary cause of acid rain around the world is due to:
a. CO2
b. SO2
c. CO
d. O3
Ans: (b)
End of Unit VI
Unit VII: Environmental Concerns
1. Acid rain means:

a. Heavy rain
b. Drizzle
c. Any precipitation
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
2. The primary cause of acid rain around the world is:

a. Carbon dioxide
b. Sulphur dioxide
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Ozone
Ans: (b)
3. Which of the following is a source of SO2 in atmosphere?:

a. Volcanoes
b. Thermal power plants
c. H2SO4 manufacturing
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
4. Acid rain is mainly influenced by:

a. Deforestation
b. Agriculture
c. Presence of particulates
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
5. The pH of unpolluted rain is about:

a. 3.0
b. 8.0
c. 6.0
d. 10.0
Ans: (c)
6. Which of the following is the source of NO2 in the atmosphere?:

a. Automobile exhaust
b. Microbial action
c. HNO3 manufacturing
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
7. Which of the following statement is true?:

a. Acid rain results in acidification of water bodies
b. Acid rain reduces soil fertility
c. Both a. & b.
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
8. Reduction in brightness of the famous Taj Mahal is due to:

a. Global warming
b. Acid rain
c. Ozone depletion
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
9. Which of the following is not the ill effect of acid rain?:

a. Leaching of heavy metals to water bodies
b. Damage of sculptures
c. Killing of fishes
d. Increase in the atmospheric temperature
Ans: (d)
10. Acid rain can be controlled by:

a. Reducing SO2 and NO2 emissions
b. Reducing CO and Hydrocarbon emission
c. Increasing the number of lakes
Ans: (a)
11. Which of the following is not present in the Stratosphere?:

a. CO2
b. O2
c. O3
d. NOx
Ans: (a)
12. Which of the following is the unit for measuring the thickness of the ozone
layer?:
a. Decibels
b. Dobson unit
c. Centimeter
Ans: (b)
13. In the stratosphere, ozone is an effective filter capable of absorbing ultraviolet radiation
with wavelengths between:
a. 200 and 315 nm
b. 315 and 400 nm
c. 100 and 150 nm
d. 400 and 600 nm
Ans: (a)
14. Which of the following UV radiation can rapidly damage biota of all type?:
a. UV-A
b. UV-B
c. UV-C
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
15. UV-C radiation lies in the region:

a. 315 to 400 nm
b. < 280 nm
c. > 280 nm
d. 280 to 315 nm
Ans: (b)
16. Which of the following statements is not correct?:

a. UV-A radiation is particularly harmful to living species
b. UV-B radiation can be harmful to both plants and animal species, especially
after long exposure
c. UV-B radiation is partially absorbed by ozonee
d. When concentrations of ozone in the stratosphere are substantially
reduced, dangerous levels of UV-B radiations can penetrate into the
atmosphere
Ans: (a)
17. CFCs have been used as:

a. Solvents
b. Refrigerants
c. Blowing agents for polymer foams
d. All of these
Ans: (d)
18. The formula of CFC-114 is:

a. CF2ClCF2Cl
b. CFCl2CF3
c. CF3CF2Cl
Ans: (a)
19. The ODP of a specific chemical takes into account:

a. The reactivity of the species
b. Atmospheric lifetime of the species
c. Molar mass of the species
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
20. Which of the following species has the zero ODP value?:
a. CFCs
b. HCFCs
c. HFCs
Ans: (c)
21. Which of the following statement is not correct about CFCs?:

a. They are almost completely inert both chemically and biologically in the
Earth’s atmosphere
b. They are very reactive in the troposphere
c. At higher altitudes they are capable of undergoing UV photolytic
decomposition
Ans: (b)
22. Which of the following statements is not correct for methane?:

a. It is produced biologically under anaerobic conditions in submerged soils
and landfills
b. It is released during extraction, production and transport of natural gas
c. It is a greenhouse gas
d. Methane is non-inflammable
Ans: (d)
23. Which of the following statement about Ozone is not true?:

a. Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
b. Ozone protects us from harmful UV radiation from the sun
c. Ozone is not a green house gas
d. Ozone is highly reactive
Ans: (c)
24. Major compounds responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone

layer is:
a. Oxygen
b. CFC
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Dobson units
Ans: (b)
25. Ozone layer thickness of stratospheric ozone layer across the globe is
around:
a. 200 DU
b. 300 DU
c. 400 DU
d. 500 DU
Ans: (b)
26. Which of the following statements is true about animal husbandry?:

a. Animal husbandry is a part of agricultural activity
b. Animal husbandry is breeding, feeding and management of animals
c. Animal husbandry is nothing but livestock production
d. Animal husbandry is protection of wildlife
Ans: (d)
27. Which of the following is the purpose of animal husbandry?:

a. Conservation of biodiversity
b. Production of meat
c. Conservation of wildlife
Ans: (b)
28. Livestock does not include:

a. Horticulture
b. Sericulture
c. Honey Bees
d. None of these
Ans: (a)
29. Domesticated animals are used for:

a. Production of dairy products
b. Production of fibre
c. Draught
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
30. Which of the following is produced by ruminants?:

a. CH4
b. SO2
c. O3
d. None of these
Ans: (a)
31. Which of the following statements is not true?:

a. Animal production is strongly influenced by socio-cultural factors
b. Animal production has enormous impact on local environment
c. Animal production does not cause noise pollution
d. Animal production depends on agro-ecological conditions
Ans: (c)
32. Animal husbandry may result in:

a. Global warming
b. Acid rain
c. Ozone depletion
d. None of these
Ans: (a)
33. Increased demand for the food from animal origin is due to:
a. Environmental vegetarianism
b. Animal welfare activities
c. Change in the diet of people
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
34. Atmospheric oxidation of SO2 to SO3 is influenced by:

a. Sunlight
b. Humidity
c. Presence of hydrocarbons
d. All of these
Ans: (d)
35. The effect of Acid Rain:

a. Reduces soil fertility
b. Increases atmospheric temperature
c. Causing respiratory problems
d. Skin cancer
Ans: (a)
36. The process of movement of nutrients from the soil by acid rain is called:
a. Transpiration
b. Evapo-transpiration
c. Leaching
d. Infiltration
Ans: (c)
37. Chloro Fluoro Carbon’s (CFC) are:

a. Non-toxic
b. Non-flammable
c. Non-carcinogenic
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
38. Ozone layer absorbs:

a. UV rays
b. Infra-red rays
c. Cosmic rays
d. CO
Ans: (a)
39. Formation of ozone layer is explained by:

a. Rosenmund reaction
b. Henderson’s reaction
c. Chapman’s reaction
d. Perkin’s reaction
Ans: (c)
40. Each chlorine-free radical can destroy the following number of ozone molecules:
a. 1,000
b. 10
c. 10,000
d. 100,000
Ans: (d)
41. Freons are:

a. HFC
b. CFC
c. NFC
d. Hydrocarbons
Ans: (b)
42. Ozone depletion causes:

a. Snow blindness
b. Photochemical smog
c. Acid rain
d. Vomiting
Ans: (a)
43. World Ozone Day is being celebrated on:

a. September 16th
b. October 16th
c. January 16th
d. May 16th
Ans: (a)
44. Bhopal Gas Tragedy was caused due to leakage of:

a. Mustard Gas
b. Sulphur Dioxide
c. Methyl Iso-Cyanate (MIC)
d. Methane
Ans: (c)
45. Acid rain has been increasing day by day due to:
a. Urbanization
b. Industrialization
c. Increase in vehicle population
Ans: (b)
46. The ozone hole was first discovered over:

a. Africa
b. The Arctic (North Pole)
c. Tropical Regions
d. The Antarctica (South Pole)
Ans: (d)
End of Unit VII
Unit VIII: Environmental
Protection
1. First of the major environmental protection acts to be promulgated in India was:

a. The Wildlife Protection Act
b. The Air Act
c. The Environment Act
d. Noise Pollution Rules
Ans: (a)
2. Environmental protection is the responsibility of:

a. Government
b. Non-governmental organizations
c. Individuals
d. Everyone
Ans: (d)
3. The Wildlife Protection Act in India was passed in:

a. 1986
b. 1992
c. 1972
d. 1978
Ans: (c)
4. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in India was passed in:
a. 1990
b. 1982
c. 1974
d. 1986
Ans: (c)
5. The Forest (Conservation) Act in India was passed in:

a. 1980
b. 1982
c. 1988
d. 1977
Ans: (a)
6. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act in India was passed in:
a. 1981
b. 1975
c. 1990
d. 1970
Ans: (a)
7. The Environment (Protection) Act in India was passed in:

a. 1994
b. 1990
c. 1986
d. 1980
Ans: (c)
8. Any environment protection policy should be based on:

a. No development
b. Sustainable development
c. Exploitation of natural resources
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
9. Article 51A(g) of the Indian constitution says environment protection and

conservation is:
a. A fundamental duty of all Indian citizens
b. Not the responsibility of all Indian citizens
c. The responsibility of the Government of India
d. None of these
Ans: (a)
10. The goal of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries is:

a. To promote international trading of animals and their products
b. To evacuate tribal people from forests
c. Conservation of wildlife
d. None of these
Ans: (c)
11. The Tiger Conservation Project was started in:

a. 1990
b. 1981
c. 1974
d. 1973
Ans: (d)
12. Which of the following is empowered to take measures to protect and

improve the environment as per the Environment (Protection) Act:
a. Central Government
b. State Government
c. Corporation
d. Municipal authority
Ans: (a)
13. Which of the following is the authority to monitor industrial effluents?:

a. Centre for Science and Environment
b. Pollution Board Control
c. Indian Environmental Association
d. None of these
Ans: (b)
14. Centre for Science and Environment is a:

a. Non-government organization
b. Government organization
c. International body setup by the United Nations
d. None of these
Ans: (a)
15. The goal of environmental education for all is:

a. To create awareness
b. To encourage participation
c. To make knowledgeable
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
16. The leader of the “Chipko Movement” is:

a. Sunder Lal Bahuguna
b. Medha Patkar
c. Vandana Shiva
d. Suresh Heblikar
Ans: (a)
17. The Central Pollution Control Board was established under the provision of:
a. Environment (Protection) Act 1986
b. Air (Prevention & Control) Act 1981
c. Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974
Ans: (c)
18. The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) was established in
the year:
a. 1974
b. 1982
c. 1986
d. 1976
Ans: (a)
19. Which of the following is an NGO?:

a. Narmada Bachao Andolan
b. CPCB
c. KSPCB
Ans: (a)
20. The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 deals with:

a. Water
b. Air
c. Soil
d. All of the above
Ans: (c)
21. The objectives of the Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 is:
a. To preserve the biodiversity
b. To maintain essential ecological and life supporting systems
c. Protection and conservation of wildlife
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
22. Which of the following animals is an endangered species of India?:

a. Black Buck
b. Elephant
c. Giraffe
d. Fox
Ans: (a)
23. Which state has the highest literacy rate in India?:

a. Punjab
b. Kerala
c. West Bengal
d. Gujurat
Ans: (b)
24. An International Conference on Environmental Education was held in

December 1982 at:
a. Kyoto
b. Vienna
c. New Delhi
d. London
Ans: (c)
25. The objectives of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) are:

a. Immunization
b. Health check up & referral services
c. Pre-school and non-formal education
d. All of the above
Ans: (d)
26. ISO 14001: 2004 deals with:

a. Pollution Management
b. Risk Management
c. Quality Management
d. Environmental Management
Ans: (d)
27. The World Summit on Sustainable Development was held at:

a. Johannesburg in 2002
b. Rio de Janeiro in 1992
c. Kyoto in 1994
d. Stockholm in 2000
Ans: (b)
28. An important NGO involved in global environmental protection is:

a. UNICEF
b. WHO
c. CPCB
d. Green Peace
Ans: (d)
29. The first International Earth Summit was held at:

a. Johannesburg
b. Kyoto
c. Rio de Janeiro
d. Stockholm
Ans: (c)
30. Silent Valley movement succeeded in:

a. Waste management in sea coast
b. Canceling the state government Hydel project and saving the lion-tailed
monkeys
c. Promoting marine fishery businesses in Kerala
Ans: (b)
31. The committee which submitted its report to the Government of India on
Environmental Education is:
a. Mehta Committee
b. Agarwal Committee
c. Tiwari Committee
d. Banerjee Committee
Ans: (c)
32. In which year did the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India made environmental
education a compulsory subject at all the levels of education:
a. 2000
b. 2001
c. 2002
d. 2003
Ans: (d)
End of Unit VIII

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Environment – Meaning &

2. Unsustainable development is a result of:

4. Which of the following is not the meaning of ecosystem:

5. Which of it is not an example for an ecosystem:

6. The factors responsible for stable ecosystems are – balance between:

7. Nutrient cycling is most related to appropriately:

8. Light – a form energy in an ecosystem according to the 1st law of energy

9. Which of the two are true:

11. Green revolution is:

12. Food security means:

13. Food security ensures:

14. Habitat refers to

15. Important physical factor responsible for a good habitat of an organism:

17. Essential components of social security:

18. Socio economic security in environmental aspect involves:

20. The objective of environmental education is:

22. Which of the following components of the environment are effective

23. Biosphere is:

24. Atmosphere consists of 79% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen by:

25. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?:

26. In an ecosystem, the ﬂow of energy is:

27. The organisms who directly feed on producers are called:

28. The sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called:

29. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem?:

30. Which of the following statements is false?:

31. The largest reservoir of nitrogen in our planet is:

32. In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton can be considered as a:

33. In an ecosystem biological cycling of materials is maintained by:

34. Abiotic component includes:

35. Which of the following statements is true:

36. Primary consumers are:

37. Access to food is mainly determined by:

38. Which of the following can be described as a terrestrial ecosystem?:

39. Ecological pyramids are studies of:

40. World Environment Day is on:

42. Which of the following statements is true?:

43. Hydrological cycle mainly involves:

44. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrological cycle?:

45. Earth is made of three distinct layers:

46. Mesosphere is characterized by:

47. Sustainability requires:

48. Which Pyramid is always upright?:

50. Hydrological cycle is related to:

1. Fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture are hazardous which of the

2. Which of the following is not a negative effect of irrigation on the

3. Trickle irrigation reduces:

5. The right pH and Oxygen demand of industrial waste in comparison with

6. To avoid negative impact on the environment the most important

8. Sustainable development means:

10. Control of population, rectifying the misuse, overuse and exploitation of

11. Environmental Impact Assessment is a planning tool to:

12. The important goal of EIA is:

13. Which of the following is not the environmental effect of industrialization,

15. E.I.A. can be expanded as:

16. E.I.A. is related to:

18. The pollution caused by transportation/vehicular activities depends on:

19. Sustainable development will not aim at:

20. ‘Earth Day’ is held every year on:

21. Eutrophication is:

23. Soil erosion removes the soil surface which contains:

24. Water logging is a phenomena in which:

25. The impact of construction of dams:

26. Which of the following statements is false:

27. Farmers have a tendency to: