ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
Stat 2131: Basic statistics WORKSHEET III

Assignment question: 8, 10, 11, 17, 19, 20, 24 and 28

Instruction

 Do the assignment individually or in group with maximum of 7 students.

 Do not use computer to write i.e. only hand written is accepted.
 Do not copy from others. There will be a reduction of point for copying.
 Every student in a group must participate and there will be follow up question for every student after
submitting.

Deadline: Final submission date September 19, 2021

1. In how many ways can 8 people be seated in row if

a. There are no restriction on the seating arrangement
b. Person A and B must sit next to each other
c. There are 5 men and they must sit next to each other
2. A child has 12 blocks, of which 6 are black, 4 are red, 1 white and 1 blue, if the child puts the blocks in a
line, how many arrangements are possible?
3. a. how many different 7 place-license plates are possible if the 1st 2 place are for letters and other five for
numbers
b. repeat part (a) under the assumption that no letter or number can be repeated in a single license plate.
4. List all conceptual approaches of measuring probability.
5. When do we say a random variable X is discrete? Write the requirements for its probability distribution.
6. When do we say a random variable X is continuous? Write the requirements for its probability distribution.
7. A personnel department of a large corporation wishes to issue each employee an ID cards with two letters
followed by three digit numbers. How many possible ID cards can be imposed?
8. Four married couples have bought 8 seats in a row for a show. In how many different ways can they be
seated
a. If each couple is to sit together. b. If all the women sit together.
c. If all the women sit together to the right of all the men?
9. In how many ways can a committee of three be chosen from 4 married couples if
a. All are equally eligible? b. One particular man must be on the committee?
c. Husband and wife cannot serve in the same committee?
10. Let A and B be two events associated with an experiment and suppose that P(A)=0.4 while P(AUB)=0.7. let
P(B)=P
a. For what choice of P are A and B mutually exclusive?
b. For what choice of P are A and B independent?
11. Two dice are rolled. Let 𝑋 be a random variable denoting the sum of the numbers on the two dice. Find the
probability distribution of 𝑋.
12. One bag contains 4 white balls and 3 black balls, and the second bag contains 3 white balls and 5 black
balls. One ball is drawn at random from the second bag and placed unseen in the first bag. What is the
probability that a ball now drawn from the first bag is white?
13. A random variable 𝑋 assumes the values −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3 such that:
𝑃 𝑋 = −3 = 𝑃 𝑋 = −2 = 𝑃 𝑋 = −1 ; 𝑃 𝑋 = 1 = 𝑃 𝑋 = 2 = 𝑃 𝑋 = 3 and 𝑃 𝑋=0 =
𝑃 𝑋>0 =𝑃 𝑋<0 .
Obtain the probability mass function of 𝑋.
14. In a city,60% read news paper A,40% read news paper B and 30 read news paper C,20% read A and
B,30% read A and C,10 % read B and C. Also 15% read papers A,B and C. Find the percentage of people
who do not read any of these news papers
15. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.2, and P(C) = 0.3, calculate the probability P(A ∪B ∪C), if the events A, B, and C
are:
(i) Pairwise disjoint.
(ii) Independent
16. Suppose that men and women are distributed in the freshman and sophomore classes of a college according
to the proportions listed in the following table.
Class/gender M W Totals
F 4 6 10
S 6 X 6+x
Totals 10 6+x 16+x
A student is chosen at random and let M, W, F, and S be the events, respectively, that the student is a man, a
woman, a freshman, or a sophomore. Then, being a man or a woman and being a freshman or sophomore are
independent, if:
P(M ∩ F) = P(M)P(F), P(W ∩ F) = P(W)P(F), P(M ∩ S) = P(M)P(S), P(W ∩ S) = P(W)P(S).
Determine the number x, so that the preceding independence relations hold.
17. From a group of 3 freshmen, 4 sophomores, 4 juniors, and 3 seniors a committee of size 4 is randomly
selected. Find the probability that ,the committee will consist of
i. one from each class
i. 2 sophomores and 2 juniors
ii. Only sophomore or junior
𝑗
18. Let {Aj, j = 1, . . . , 5} be a partition of the sample space S and suppose that: 𝑃 𝐴𝑗 = 15 and
5−𝑗
𝑃(𝐴/𝐴𝑗) = , j=1,2,3….5, compute the probabilities 𝑃 𝐴𝑗/𝐴 , 𝑗 = 1,2,3. .5
15
19. Three machines I, II, and III manufacture 30%, 30%, and 40%, respectively, of the total output of certain
items. Of them, 4%, 3%, and 2%, respectively, are defective. One item is drawn at random from the total
output and is tested.
(i) What is the probability that the item is defective?
(ii) If it is found to be defective, what is the probability the item was produced by machine I?
(iii) Same question as in part (ii) for each one of the machines II and III
20. The diameter of an electric cable, say x is assumed to be continuous r.v with pdf
𝟔𝐱(𝟏 − 𝐱), 0≤𝑥≤1
𝑓 𝐱 =
𝟎, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
i. Check that the above is pdf
ii. Determine b such that 𝑃 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏 = 𝑃(𝑥 > 𝑏)
iii. Find the cumulative distribution function of x.
1
21. Suppose that the r.v X has possible values 1,2,…. and 𝑃 𝑋 = 𝑥𝑗 = 2𝑗 , 𝑗 = 1,2, … … … ..
a. compute 𝑃( 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑)
 b. compute 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 4)
c. compute 𝑃(𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 2)

22. If a set of marks on mathematics examination are normally distributed with a mean of 75 and variance of
6.25, then what is the probability that the marks of the students will take a value:
a. Greater than 73.4?
b. Between 78.6 and 80.6?
c. Between 67.95 and 71.9?
23. A soft drink machine is regulated so that it discharges an average of 200 milliliters per cup. If the amount of
a drink is normally distributed with a standard deviation equal to 15 milliliters
a) What fraction of the cups will contain more than 224 milliliters?
b) What is the probability that a cup contains between 191 and 209 milliliters?
c) How many cups over will probably overflow if 230 ml cups are used for the next 100 drinks?
d) Below what value do we get the smallest 25% of the drinks?
24. The scores for a mathematics course seem to be normally distributed with mean 70 & standard deviation of
8. If the instructor wishes to give an A grade to 10% of the students, what should be the dividing line
between an A grade and a B grade?
25. If X has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ, and if P(X = 0) = 0.2, evaluate P(X > 2).
26. Suppose that the probability that an item produced by a particular machine is defective equals 0.2. If 10
items produced from this machine are selected at random, what is the probability that not more than one
defective is found?
27. Suppose that X has a Poisson distribution. If
2
𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 1),
3
Evaluate P(X = 0) and P(X = 3).
28. Suppose that the bank customers arrive randomly and independently on an average of 3.2 customers every 4
minutes. What is the probability that:
a. Exactly two customers arrive in every 4 minutes?
b. Exactly two customers will arrive in every 8 minutes interval?
c. One or more customers will arrive in every 12 minutes?
29. A random variable X has a uniform distribution over (− 3, 3) , Then compute:
𝑎). 𝑃(𝑋 > 2) 𝑏). 𝑃( 𝑋 < 2) 𝑐). 𝑃(𝑋 > −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 < 2 𝑑). 𝑃 𝑋 < 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑋 > 2 .
30. A normal distribution has mean 62.4, find its standard deviation if 20.05% of the area under the normal
curve lies to the right of 72.9.
31. A random variable has a normal distribution with standard deviation 5. Find it’s mean if the probability that
the random variable will assume a value less than 52.5 is 0.6915.