‘Sr oe Asn di Creve wn high sauded by hfe pesates as both pater of sli and 1 mosclan his Essie oeuvre remains de subct of debate. Irhas been ‘ggesedthache ined le Fenata, because ofthe tye Smlactes his woe shares wits other Feracese paniere ‘srkang in Holopm, such as Feaneesco del Cosa end Ecole de Rehers, The influence & Cosi’ Bolognese punta on Ceevaleore clea expesly ofthe Pate dt Meant (Bologna, Pin NI), bu the connection beeen Comets Permtere works oe Ercle de? Roberts leet Beraece palatings and Crvaeoeisless eden CCrelcoreis fs documented ia Bolegya fn L478 and “conde as Master Anni, te punter ofthe Cappella ‘SProdo'in M91. The dave of it death has beendesed Eom hs inclusion in Giclamo Cano de Mit’ book of epiphs (1525). His aly signed snd dated paineng Sea tie Hof) Pama (16993 ex Keser Pench Alas, Basin, dest.) Other works acabuta to bm inode dhe porsaiof the Sura Pani (Munich, Aen) Fly ‘Family tb & Job te Bap (Stace, Stata) te Piri ofa Young Man wih the sgh FP (onlay Forartis pl ene, Case and bee lage tae as pangs on exvasof the Vain and Coil with an ae Pana Petr (London, ps. Ses, 1985). — BE eminent crt GC et hr ama: Cai te ph aie oes i ata aE eure a eerie basi F Zina Adon Anon x Cra” Burt A. (060, petal © 2 AS pie Dlg Drned ed eee, Commer (59) 905-44 Antonio da Trent A civ h VigiandC tAnpl nd Seng 8 Cae) Gantt Scans {atitoe fac ofte Ct Denon iss Denton Sct es ata Coa ot ‘Dona treatin ote 0 org ‘Rion Gr East aproech olga Sad Wels tes thins of Pi eda Poco roe std tech wet of cate Coc Eien tl Govan Bor Anweigsoy oped Se ee Sita Baia Ua enol Anes da Fic’, a Heb hee Tees i en Pe) 1 Zampees Pwr male Mer Dae iit of prise hice (Goto type es eS Antonio di Moretalle Bancivenni: Joe BENCIVENS, Antonio ds Negroponte. Sr FAUER, ANTONI, Anonio da Treat (Trent Bologns 1527), Haan Paleemaker Ofen docameniedcarouare woolen by the ast (ee signed, fur mentioned by Vaan, fie are silfily ct in’ very conoled two.lock sole, for sample Nid Mun iru Lansigpe(p. 148,20. 13 Te fiat the Marlon of Toe Seitc(®. p79, n0. 24; fOr lhastanon se Wood, CaLAROSCUND), i among dhe bestof lean muliplsblock chiszoseuo. ll ae afer desis by Parmanin. According to Vas, Paige ‘ino aang in Bologna after the Sack of Rone ia 1327, feaped witha Gnd for seve south aad shined ‘Aptenio wast hin in the exting of two: and hee ‘Mock pent. Althouth Vasa ened chewheoe the Baie (ie taulch acl tle tanta ‘ne Moi mane, ger that be hd cones toll The is dfennce the eomclneed tp ne, wales ah port of akan sive ofthe cour Work of Bland ead sera ‘Thee algeria Und ferent wv the Paid es prodecd rere numero yx Bale tat recenrmmen VAD) eet rr ere Jons SeyLLER. Baidaccini, César Gr Cheam Bailachin,SeCrsont (i, Baldassare da Uebiso, ean aaanAssans Baldassare deat (Bide de Regi] (0 Eni py un eed ahs 29 a, elle lst! medals He won Deg pn be hdpted peepee od hugo Tena not doanens hover, hie caed an Tilo fw cel palpi dnunent Sik ee oe ppeniee a cme Sean Bc cote ese yeas. Tha sages tbe bad been WO fe Ue oft ae de tate tara oe pe pete oe Sra, Dike of Mien lB of 90 Saale o Ts It Sepenbee 140, with Nigh reotnpesdaions ‘om Galezzo Maia pa acer of 5 Je 148), Baae= he punted reas of Sore ‘Foran an emer of tre Gal cnt, ‘is ony sg ol dated wore tee meas Of 47 depicting Erol I a'Eu, toe ney ieveted Duke of mrs fe 1472he enliied Cosi Fars otk lathe Ente chapel at Belgarda In 1473, Dalat printed ‘yo poctatsof Ere tobetsnt tothe Daesheroed, Eleaors cf Aragon, an was comisoaed eo ouch opt the feos, incating 36 pons of Bono, ofthe Salone ees! isthe Plasto Sehtanc ia Pern A of Bone 7 (Milo, Carlo Sforsesco) mw been ‘uibuted wo Bailsue Secure 9 te slay to the Poreaksinthe Sehifanaa fescoes Other works tat ve Aco been sited him iaide the pore of To 5 Fronts (Pera, . ie documented ts puning wvedan of sors depcig te Le Avni th RR | carver poe ‘ir ate eeotcd tourer al Gai Bert cotcd a See ofS oma cpu od Cot Sg) Agel, Fer sod ee Mai dle cts, Fee ee pesca of wich Hasan clothe Le Alb Cla A ros wees, fe ple np the ek ea ek ‘Yes 180) sagen might be te lg pur of be Tiny ie eg. ie Absa) ese ‘ong (908 cee he poe of Vn Fe susan hichane se rrp nino pangs Selscly donee Eel ce" Robe's acy wor {30 Long sogeied ats proxpof wos ih oe by badnoe f ease (no) eked ice 2 Ferny ih ne 0 ene arci eerepeced $2 ong 075) Hower he vo secon of ‘hee Shes awa plots he wk anak feeder sklons prep andvo dequeton (Fiiccnet of Bebiooce's one ema Sper Ine Fadasarewe appoinedCapino ofthe Pees Catalan Regge ise noegh apps) aot el ‘Sido depot coninad inion 30 yeas eterna Pera, 486) sec atc eee Bay tamara Ar Da (92-9943 sepium a ee See SB meats cnmna Se eee oe co aia eee lan entero Sy ‘Sse lea tn Mem Ee Sor Pari Seas rT psec "al Fen” (i Bae eta, egg IE, 38continued to pasticipate in Fluaus activites in the 1970s, Inter retmening to word paintings that teacmbled his eat -work, such as /'ttends la guerra (1981; Patis, Pompidou), Ben telished his role as a debunker Of the scuvies of dealers critics art schools and of antitts themselves, selling ‘monochrome canvases at cost price and filling his news paper, Aribimes, and his revues (eg, La Fenthe, 1973), with 4 mixture of analysis and gossip: After the Galerie Ben Doute de Tout closed in 1973, it was takea apart and reconstructed a8 a work of at enticed Ben's Shop (1958- 73; Pars, Pompidon), In summer 1990 Ben's Casavane des Ants travelled around France, wRiTINGS Tot Ben Psi 1974 fet] BIBLIOGRAPHY Arc Bew: Ben Vator exh eae. A. Pte Amsterdam, Sed “as 73) Bas (esc by G, Does, Calas, Max. BA, 1987) VANINA COSTA, Benagiio [Benalus], Francesco [Francesco di Pietso ella Bixdal (b « 1430; d Veroca, 21192), Italian painter, He adopted his professional ame from a noble Bergamash, family then living in Verona. His earliest documented ‘work ithe signed iprych of the Vigin and Child Exthroned Adored by St Bernerd with SS Peter, Paad, Francis, Jerome, Louis of Toulose and Anthony of Pedr (1462; Verona, Cistelveechio), executed forS Bernatding, Verona Ieisa telativelr free copy afte: Mantegms’sS Zeno Alarpiece (Verona, S Zenc), altiough much more deco. ratve in the details and less secure inthe spate axsunge ‘ment of the saints. Benaglio’s name regulady appears in the Veronese tax recon from 1465 «© 1482, In 1475, be and a fainter named Martino were condemned to four ‘months in prison for painting obscene figures on the fagude of the Paluzzo Sagramoso, In 1476 he finished (iC0 OF SS Barttolomra, Zeno, Jerome and Frases (deste 1738) in § Maria dela Scala. In. 1492 Benaglio's son Girolamo is isted as an orphan, indicating that his fxher must have died thie year. (Other signed works by Benaglo include the Anthony (Washington, DC N.GA,), dhe Linn end Child (ee. Chalandon priv. col, Paris) the Virgin and Child (Wash- jngron, DC, NGA) and the Madonna del Ventaatio (Verona, Castelvecehio).'The signature on the Virgin wth oer Saints (Rome, Pal, Venezia) appears t0 be false BIBLIOGRAPHY Dit Thime-Besker 1, Smeoa:‘Uen vee sino e400 © i pitore Farce ena Nae ts Vente ns 2, (903) gp 290°8 4 Vena Sen (1901-40), V7 (1915 pp 8 E Valle Praesco Bene med a (195), pp 4-65 LooghiCalein vnesico: im Mason dela coche Pir dela Free pert Veneset Voayi (9IMopp 062, 1 rensoni Sula dausione dafuncom di Eanes Beng nel (hit Soa Beran Vero Bl tt 98) ppe 689 © Gl Davos “ul sega terns Gl Astra Mane Poon, 35/147 1962) pp. 3-60 KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT assembled airs—that and pride ‘orm the # and ina Mscalecs home in A, to the Gre Greece in hhouse inte aunospher ‘towards m death The of the ant tradivonall Muslin an from the ¥ cortume f A. Delivortias Renato f eins fea Nocus cob ee Claims ced acct Seah aaget wines Mees is fond, ae maa aaa ianeo Ba net ished inate FAbnton es Tan Re tigi Der MM Marwo and MA. Chia: 7 at KObertabee oe SeSe, 1918, CCicognaea, Antonio (1480-21500), lan painter and Seay nd dad Antond’ Chognarit Pir anne domini 1480, Shows him to have been an extremely fecble painter at that date. Longh (1934) and Ruhmer (1957) propored {hat Cloognara had played substan ole inthe dexo- {ation of theSsloce dei esis PaazaSchiinla Fema, ‘Tt yeas eatie, but this thesis seems unlikely and has aot been generally accepted. His eatiest cxaia work i 25 -ninitaret in Cremont, where eilluminated two Antob- aati and a Pslter forthe cathedral benscen 1482 ind THES, The minima of Zi on fl 3 of the Pres remona Cathedral, Cod. TV) i signed. cree (celia Gemeentst? Deca 166 snd 31 May 1487, paiotingin S Racoo andi che Ospedale Gala Viet, n 1490 he signedand dae a Vgc and Child sth St Calberine of Alen aad « Female Sait (ex- Cologaa and Speroni pa el, Mian);s2 1495 e signed to Vac te aie ange ee Noga ih hae areas Se 1908; Gualazzini, 1931; Dummett, 1976). tg ae BIBLIOGRAPHY ©. tat: Note ibe it, sar ob ace cron {Gero pte Secs Mem lit dle dee bef Pro (31, Nova avin le opi th Demme ype EN Dm tee re Px Pl iPetitions, Like & ps Petes feooin I ihe Somme. archi PrTovtca: La itn! ¢ ministre mila Fewer De pit ances PE ramen alls mi del 400 (Mla, 1912), os $26.7 architec eSieateedl Sewn a Lee Gelernter, 1934 ;20. in Ope comp di Raery his ies cal fees Shes mt cee si enantio ¥ (oven, 195, pp. 3, 20108 Si = pasta Mo Cnt) Roe, 0 Boe * Zeid Lou Le ru Ail nl Aces orga, a toh. aay Moin Cor K Lipphor: "GH ateschi del Sloe ei Mei © problema de» ESUSCAR ‘tion’ nat iene Mee ‘oy sin ‘feos, 8. RNase (Madea, 198), action, KRISTEN LippiNcorr: cegremcenne Prem Coy, pr NESE MUL Antonio Czognan’, Pane, si (1960), Cheys0s Dunmct'A Ne on cepa’ Pig Gert Se 879,cones physinvams,nnoane ad pesos so dor wer ia te Lowe Bret, fe St EW Beta Rol aan he vee Baer be dt de bss be Gand Oriel Brat at he Ginelos Rec ate Engh groneces cmos Tee REathed a Basol Marcher, Beer, Deby a der Many of he pang shows were ir Reece two; akong 4 fo wee ty Clason oy Be ete Nm (782-500 and Rey Mew Seerka Mors puatings provided an ocesiona Tanne the pring coscrams arises Huber sate GaP G5 HE wn the non of he pce Fn oehad Sader (URED), Ho fom 152 Jee No ang + pene of Sebi 2 ra rel ounda wit be rap the macheplact Tree an uber Soe commonest Sosiiad ahetin te comos bret he anon seen at In sec fx sues Sle ‘ede ly Gece Tukey, Spe eb SaURtrole Usie Meco ad dh West ies. He SESE REO Venki 1850, etn eommonmes © TOVENEE ce roulony a Sree In 170 fe Fretted he ay of Ssbny wih ister’ panos rears haed comnts Seon saree nthe esgic sunciogeiy Aico rnc a Menogeee SSB NS ine Pere Grane TU Rama ad Red ies Led (Sn Binh “Eaploe ft Como, ei, O29 fo LBs Anno 0285 91S Ste ster No ph ng Ma Cason, ‘epic se ro Laue Co. MA 1579). Rati ie Brora at. 1 18) ‘pan ceo ie bln Baten. Se ee ee bine Costa, Francesco del (b Ferate,« 1455; d Bologna, {ey Hea pater TogeDer wih Ceo Tw and vole de’ Reber Coss was ane of the most inporant rntss wogtng f9 Ferara and Belogna in te pessod elroy cerury. With themeshacedancxpresive er SE ne and sly of foun bce alo had a for Uicorstve and acecdonl semes, most evident in the {sous in the Plenwo Shion, errr. 1.To 1470. The dato Casas bin mast be dedced fon laformaion contained in two set of Gocuments {atog to bis death, As the coda to two esigeams he Sed othe pants the Bolognese jutsconult Lo ‘dvico Bolegnitsecorded tht Cosa died at he ae of fBayrewo yet, two months and eg day, Toe dae of Coats deny ean be ifeced from epigams and letexs GP'TETT cathanged between ovo Bolognese gendemen, ‘fngeto Mickle Sambal and Sehastan Aldrovani, in ‘IME Cossandenbed a netlong lead tn eombination, {hese documents low one to paceis bith round | 435. CESSES town nt ac erie amily sft, Cisto- So el Cons, was a enascn who had worked on the seas of Remaea Cathe His ule Antoni. dl (Gack as aso @ mason who wosked on sever of the te eastes Cosas mother was Rordeisa Misti.yr ‘The ete econ of Con's istic cts document of I Sete 1456, in wich the Fables fea Catiedel pdm re 0 for + won 0 be placed on the igh sae The erpeadon of scien pobenae Scab! ates the pay ‘nent form altpiee of 's Pe composed of Hace agices, vie Chala sate Goce pect fing see tlies of soe” (ra) The fac at Cri aid ax poten sent lp ‘nppetto Scab reading mat comning sched fo + Einy of tase Coma’ te wok ad enly tee teen sulpecl poop The wock-was essoyed ia 172, stthouresspentacetong ecrdedMapenebly at oer ght fave beens practising aco forher posed ty clemo it etia sel ies of ‘Siimbes ani Alciovand Salen! pra Coen pe. Ciara cle, comparing sn wth Polos nd Pia, Atowand refer o hima «mover Spas or Prales Following there inion, ccs hive Stermped to stake Smumber of sear works to Cosa tne cael ees Slag ne dessus St tk poral of the assze Schianony Feram (oP Fish, 6 4), 20d thetoml sab of Domenica Gag al Qosbgts ie Nj. Couey Hee boss os eeand spc: dig i show caer, be wit Sor inowedgy of wht Lis espe ae sigh hare Beco, any ations shuld be accepted nl tate ‘Oa 3 November 6h Cone became on dependent mtr He second in Bogs songs godlae ot the bapa of Doni Gases tn tdovco on idecember 462 Berwcenthsdneand 46-50 oss ihereahouts af udocuented. He may have emiied Ip Bologna wl N66 arte setne 1 have pooled Cacoon ors seis of sn pass windows aevted by SS bras Jacopo Cato and Domeco ib ot te fra ofS Grovana in Monte One ofthe wns fom tis conpes(wnove rangement ws rte Oy Nareallb Orctin 1783 efor ean mane signed bythe Cabsal edhe sel ded 1467 Seen of the ‘dows ae sl n § Gavan in Mons (a Vg and ‘Ge Enel woh Por gl Sete ott 1 Pats ss pe aeieng com of are othe fron herdae! Comin), ine Engen eos in Fara (Gal Civ Mol) soln Cotoee, Viesbo De Scio pv col). Comin compari cote othe ‘lned lars design have pred some ees toe tlie dem elt pase of Costs care, etapa fear 1404 or 175, maging at te Coupler of sso col he the rel of eo spate decane Empane Theses malked spaces bowers Serwees the ine ia the Vai and Ch window ad ove bond st punting uncer aceped ss Cas tales etre wo the Vigin and CB math gl {G60 43; Washington, DE, Re sei en Site cay a 67, he 8 Ghana vtlow desgs ‘ould be the work ofa ada wo had prac ieee 1 yeatsand therefore would ty lt abort Cos “na cer of 25SMarch1470 Costacompaine to Bono ‘fae, Du of Mom (ater Ds of Ferm) the: he ted been bay pad forthe vo he ba reer co ‘ted the alr Scien raat $48) ad After 1470 Cossa, Francesco del, §2: 1 Benge el Conn: Vig ad Child at Ale pen rhe) mee fg 3). Caimi to hare wate on hit own to compe So oe ace ee ee ile gambled wing na cheat ofa mete 10 aera Eee heme a ae onsen pater ia Ferara The leer defines the tee vera ods on the cast val of th alone des Me te Batis Soltis tesodneal montis of Ate Taos tod Geist by Cots fant dune Of set eninge de Studoce Rocee ue Cm tsps Ede canoe of trey sy Ty sel inp combine of a Plassey aah «hanno of clo rence of Po dela ccc and sprue tenes and sing the igo oti ees mow doey wp cotenpeany Fncn’ naomi Musson Se Gone er Send sch sifoml hig evel of ality enon, eee cece ben oa Me ce ook seid lty one tne ofthe pcotha Coses fim fn ogaon wentachard haedona hy de Dal pont taba ee pdt dred, Con ee Ferra, nave orem 2, AvTER 1470, fn 1472 Coven sesived 100 dc from: the Contatemity ofthe choter of S Miri de Seen nakgta oe eebeng a SauRe, ie 925926 essa, Francesco dl, §2: After 1470 rieculot image, 4 Resco of the Vigan and Cl, Stubueed to Lippe di Dalmado, wsaly dated before MOL, Cosa side ‘90 sanding, cndetbrum bese angels an architeetual amevod theough whieh distant iebtipe fan be nen an the donee poral of ier Beate or Glorennil Bemivogio ané his wie (2). ne scowl evo sina! Bigs of SS Cathie ad Ty (unesaced). A the same time, or pehupssihsy setiee Coes wns eommiioned 6 pant a altrynes or ‘Be chusth of the Convear of the Onervnza, Bologea TLenghi mgeed tht the nnncatn and accompe coving pode depicing the Nay ait Danang Sip ‘ers (Dresden, Genie Ate Nest) formed he ‘eat section ofthe Orecrasas alnmpece. He Further froposed that 5! Clare snd Si Carine of Asencia (Goth Nad ‘Mus Thyssen Bornemieaa) might heve Teen placed at pendants on the exmme ester edges OF the allars predli ‘ae of Coss’ major projects dating 1473 was the tspgeh commissioned by Plomuno Gaffon for is family chipel in S Peroni, Bologna. On 19 July 1473 Agostino Process Nese) e Btren da Clem, a0 erie, wes pid for the fame ofthe elaborate dearplece. Langhis seceastrasson of te alarpece, basd a ps on uggetons ft wade Grove and Celene, has been confirmed by the rey fs sawing ey dhe a contny Bologoene paint Sehino Orlandi (Bena, 1984 and 1985), who Ieeotied the shape of the me ad the dtsbution of the panele. The cental panel vas 5? Vinun! Forer [Laadnn, NG) therght Jobe the Repairand othe lee Peer (bot Mien, Beta) snd above the cntal al the tnd of the” Cin (Eashingron, DC, NIGA), Odand recorded sro emaler panel with rounded tone, of Sé Roa nd St Pal place bore the nels of ebm ay Bap aS Peter Long sggeeted that the dree-qucerleage 5? Florin and 5 Lucy (Washington, DC, N.G.A) telong wo this secon ofthe olypyets Above these halengt xis were two ond ‘presenting the Armaan (Gezzada, Mus. Vila Ca- {tol Thepredla ceenpos oF cen! from dhe ie of St vicent Heer (Rome, Vaca, Pla) ussally at ted a partor in whole to EICOLE DE ROBERT. Ca 27 2. Franc el Con: Vig ond hd ib SS tn, Jb Eitan «Dou npn. eras, 27m 14 Ba. | |Sipe 109 Cae 2 lf eeeeesrs ae cee ieee Piaat ee 2 a Hebe homered Shee hs Ebene ast in Conte os cy de ae lige eet cama gk Chimie earned ams eee tie alae fe bop a eee Bales Boric SNe yieamianae ne: Bremen as SS Son RO we Otek ipa Se lm ee qo rere icieeet Eo Chpet Sop sue tit gare Fae HeogEraleaibcens ie Samat See cease anes Seale ETE ane At at ia Recreate rat TURN PNG SS WR Coated er yee oe Sigs Ceres oe ere eee ake pecans earns mpage EEE es Dade oe ale ee oie eae ENTE creer hoe tora drattes ta: oN aac acunciove cage ‘Gerny,1779) om entre ees a 1LN: Geil Deo wg irda le tt rR rma ER croweand GB Clete: Hy of nig Noh Id Sea sii Fea i Sr Campo pn dp El al eco XV a © Mem 2 ‘ers feg Pn Po 8, A Ment ee Feral pedo Bano ie, Se aires Tel ar Wieder serach Awe, “Aid Rea (89 po. 299-4 ee tl i a 8 Net Sin Ds 10, Ip 84 6 AS ites ecw cance EARL SN pp Cossa, Francesco del, §2: After 1470 1. Gn The Pie of te Sh! ern (Leo, 11), cesses cme tegen “Ghat crmeeetin caren om ee Fea etl pe ren yg 1 sons Me Pie Fala, 1) 9910, 1216 18, pExpecamome, Y, Sean ia Case ian 1965), Yen i dacs Ce, ed 985, 1 Lata GN: Le a and ee gli a Meme ara BFC Lt Areal (iy F509 . Fe tne ace a rh op "AS ame oe eee AC 1A ete Crittenton Hes Tere dpe a Com Bal. Ab 15.3523 Zech atu fn Cartes blo ga Dat A, acorn pee 1 Beewon Fem Mare Snr the Bon Mateus Fae Ars gy eh on um te Ye Zahn Sumaoe dh Ath et ape Cg em Bag cm a 8h pp 2S AT Ree oo Pan by Cs B Be, 898, ‘Nene Ee Madame on Fred Con Pa (1920, Fat ml un ind Pei Ca niu ined Pi Cae eer ea SCR ct Pots Cont at 1950), pp. 59-70 ‘i 1 GEE Neon Fane Cla il. an Bee oa (tinea adap aes Ra a el, eae ole Te ane Coa nine Boog A. An hated Rh sch Fameoc det Cone, Pati sehen 3-80 . Ma Fei Co nh UE Mar De ‘er: Een de cin aa na dancin nb, A decay Tip CR Rovere Tames el Cana? Lene Resa, Me Frye Bn oes 7S ge tS -Unsecicod Fn Sam bch Sn Mins song, luge Be Cah, Nat Emi nme (To 8 fat tate Catach BE Re gest ioe nt Oh conte iow, De Bor « Grow ‘ise La Fara, 1 era pS. Wags Ponce J Cou Le vere 8 ond ne, Trine Bag oS sre. 1989) 99 23, 7pe Fevcats, 64): Cathedral Const Repeesened on the jambs ate four prophets holding srols and, at the top, oa eter side ef the doorway, the Aleman The inventive keonogmphie ‘programme of boh pons aho indudesreferences the {Grosades (eS Grog and we crasades igus once on ‘he Porta dei Mes and to dil and leg concerns (6 ‘he Hens, alan and knoued earns ofthe double ssorey porches, wich have been associated with the ‘adkion of he Tizone of Solomon). The pathos and other incase animal ceive from Byzantine nd Maric ‘Sucarillanat the wide mage ef inl modes employed {or ths wore The aealedbelltowes, begun ia the 15h set, shows the afl of Alber [BIBLIOGRAPHY Ae: Eada 7. 4 B Roth iaclcA Non ini Seaport hc Fe Caray A 1 Ronshemestiae: The Oi Bor Me ade A of ‘Ne ad stp 154 i cake ecg teh nd 150) SAzar Foes Cabal Fc, Now Ys, Cobia Gl: 5 Maeno Msi! Fern neta d San Mere ee me Fee Svtoaewarh Vane “wn Naa te Dept «Ne Sen Be Wa Bes Sergei era Bde Pra nd Pi be ly Ts Cp St Teri Ni Cota (nem 88) (i Pale Sti. The pio, esti e vost ‘stern sects of Fecatsst witha the Renaiance sty ‘vals, oes present tape to four separate ang Caples unferaien br menters of te Exe fan ‘nesting to he Ferre ebonicler Ug Cal the Pulao drtbal by Albeo Vin 135 was snl sige ercy elie In 191 Alber enlaged tne bug to ‘ce soil lengh ar by hots depa He onneced i ncenly to af idonsng bald on the stem side, seed the main Hove to scomsodse a Sonken client aed sg loge toh bak of ee paso se hewestem eo A gener deaf the compo. ‘Boon of the moms convey treogh an ier of the palazo's contents mae in 1436. Toe soon vee tamed ater hi decorston ‘el lat ele onal et Eimer san or, dal pigne and dale rede’ (depts rules and cess, St George, pines and whees) Beso (Pst began tensive rmoling of the plana seme Simesite 0s Theenet document 2eFebeary 1466, an ulling work sppeas to lave een fied by the ead of 1859, Headed pono able at the second "oey level bove the Sorméx main Aloo), exended & Starcve fom the pen tothe new pot ky aed ancborste nate doortame othe main entanoe tnd ‘plete docortve perme Bescon on be ged of the bing. Thee ofthe ome deoorted for Boso Steal extane Sal del Sten he aa dei See a the Salone de Msi in 1493 Ercole | enseged the flzaoo the eat and ensfoamed te metiovl Spee Se byepaing he metonedoofine wih sn ove,Femara, (i): Palszzo Schifinois 5. Pao Sens aon dei Nes, Tawny, Gein reso heaton wally Face del Cass, bee 180 elasially igre tersaonia cori. Un the ate 16th tenturythe Phaze Scholae ted bythe fate fami both a2 subusban rereat and ata lodging house for imporunt vistors [n 1438, dudng he Cosme cf Feraca, [ene (41460), brio Espero ohn VI Pao legos rg 1425-48) as houted there; in 1468 thee of ‘he Stores bose staye tty aia 1471 the Venn gatas ind his fy wee ped ese I 1682, tue, Cacinal Feanessto Gomtage woe hes ‘i, Giovaa Prancesco Ser, saying tnt he pleted fot be put pa he Sehifanis Beau woe lg Say fiom the eenue ad sly wine, In 1538 che Palazzo became the tesience ofthe retied Archbishop 1 Ravenna, Cardinal Benedeeo Acco Since the Teh ena ie has, ered 2h tbo processing plat 4 {anuy, an snr for Geass aad art muse eo Teas given the sats of civic masse in 1897, "The ever decoration ofthe Platz Seino has suffered grealy hough neglect, abuse aad inepest ‘cenona cai ant en Hn ee cen. Te Sala ght Seow conuios tain ofa sees of frescocd ‘edalione wih dhe Eats cone of ams ad the peste Imprese of Bono dae. Most of the fess have a. Pol Dig Ser Pi Pre amare due 86% pat SF tS ngs GH. * Soko Pere, g mute en 27 Cgc aera eae 18.9 EON (Bgl Pe Son: ah nd on Ma i Fear (Gero 195) PAR et Shun Free: Cov me i eee (Co Cn a 950) 1 Legh Guo pen abe Lag = (rein 95). 197-9, eS, Beano Roe Peace Cons Ler Reon, Moe Fro ‘Ba ao 9}, plies S.Moore Bera is Vepasino Sons "Sad Mes amen Schlanat cine be Sen cys 8 (08 Dy x Diplo Pro of he Sl sr Poe Sa gga ony Ca Ct i Cs 1 Varae Anu Sf Mons, 9) pion The eno te coed! Malad Say of ath Grama Fett conay Fecha Ca Fre dav merce 1441S Male Wge Poe 2 8 rao 8p. 95-10 KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT Ferrara, Costanzo da. St COSTANZO DAFERRARA. Ferrara, Girolamo da. Sie CARP, GROLAMODA. errata Jackie (# Deteot, MI, 17 Nov 1929). American scalpeor and deaughtswoman, She had no formal art fedocition but from an easly age enjoyed making wiefil Somesde furniture, such abetves and cupboards. Alter ‘moving olive and work in New Yorkin 1952, she became Invoked ia the art in vasious ways, taking classes in Jeatherwook and potery and, through her job atthe Henty Sac Seulemest, cumng lato conact with dance al theare. Ia the 1960s. she auended periormanees and “Happenings athe Jolson Galley and Jodion Caurch and hers pesformed in two of Chis Cldeaburgs Happen- ‘ngs (1362 ad 1963), which influenced ber. Atthis ame she was maling vatiour sorts of sculptuze, She began ‘making the werk for which she became known to the 1976s, Ie picaly comprises wooden pyramidal/zigguat- (ype construcdons, made by sticking horizontally layered steps An enrlp mature vork is Hollow Con Pyramid {iywood, 0.6120.61%0.61 m, 1974; Glen Ridge, NJ, Levy piv. ol), for which the inspistion was an unwrapped Juramy, which she found intensely ‘beaabful, haunting, and evocatve';she wanted her own work havea silat ‘gualiy. Osher early works for which she isknown indude Cured Pyanvi (09>1 52X06 m) sae Sacked Pyramid (2.6043.56x1-207m; both tested fs, 1973; New York, ‘Mickael Klein Tne) Stacud Pyamidvas bet Sst outdoot ‘worl. Her many iage-sale public works include Castle Clinton: Tower end Bridge (cedas,033%0 6110.36 m, 1979; ‘New York, Bavery Patk) and Meeting Plan (1989; Sexe, WA, Convention and Trade Cent), 2 lobby area of concrete and slate Boor with steps and plaform, and ‘concrete and stel seating, All hese works af chacictes- ined by Fersr’s meticulous cattsmasship and theit refeence «9 genetic types of ron-Westem budding sich 25 those of Nesoamerica and Ejypt, and to peometsic form. Works by Ferre are in the collections of the County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, MOMA, New York, snd the Louisiana Nuseum, Homlebek, Jun ly 1977 (See oth, 977) Jak rare exe 1 i Are, UA, Ua So emsien,cA ast Ca 28). end, de’. talian fanily of aris. (1) Gregorio de eran snd ‘hs Gheraviaw, Domenco Pola wee responsible for decoraeg some ofthe Isges aod mot Dregons paces and churces ip Gero inthe 1670 2nd 168(s-a sucessful partnership that continsee with thet sors (2) Lorenao de’ Pere and Psolo Gessamo ini. Anothe of Greg's son, Giseppe de’ esr (21160) eros ree td eo) plas hough ss ‘enownel tas his ahead brotiee A sped enna by him of the Ving end Chile Adored by 3S Mars and Sebastian (Calzzan, § Nauso) sa pasche of the sweet pati and sfumato sre of Gregono sed of the more moot polished and academic gues of Loenzo, () Gregorio de Ferri (Porto Maui, Imps 12 Apa 1647; Gcoon, 26 Jn 172), Paine He tae to Genot to say hw but devoted hs de and ene co punting He sel widnDomcnee Fava fem e166 and in this pes he may hve painted scenes inthe sy of Giovani Andseade Ferd Panda ed Glovanad Brita Cason. He seized Fela om the spe 9 (Cor Ripaling the Seren (46; Monogge® push ‘uuch). Brolably afer the death of Fase in 169, Gregodo wee fo Patna, pehaps accompanied by Gio ‘arn Batista Meran ard Anica Sight (41686) from ‘toc he ay ave acqurcd ssl a gana sia, 1s Pam he shandoned he momuestiy of Fells ant and bog develop a ser, more Weal manner Hemade anc copy (Gtnom Mos Accad LigatisB A) Of Coreg fetes inthe dome of Fart Catedral ‘Too panting the fron te Fgh io Ep and the ig aut 8 erome ant te Magar (oot and), apparenly copies afer Congo, ate mentored by Rat {Ge Sopa the propery of Anton Raptael Nenge Dang is yr in Pars, Gregorio may hare exchanged ‘aes it Ciovann Batista Cal, Merino aed Gian ‘Anirea Carle. Te pinngs executed aft: hi ceture (€ 671) wo Genoa suggest te infucnce of these art snd are ditngushed by she rae sloogatons and ical pel pence of Bp wine ell {hese seated by Hippo Paed anl BemardoSchistina “They beame more unclang and more uty modelled by the ead of the cen, Twp canaser spit by Coexegay, Francs Comford by an ge! sod Resto ‘Be Plat int Eept (oath Genoa, Si), ae dae to 16745, Damen Pia sid vo have adnied Gre o's vorcro much tat in 1674 be gave he danger Egon fora wie. "Tae masageeacouage «so. ious wotkieg tehtomship, which conebued 10 theGiovanai (Ai Giuliano) da Oxioto (6 Ocal nt Paeness Pactra fa 1449 and sooa afer wat commissioned to paint portats of Asorgio II Manftedis two daughters; Elkcbera aad Barbara (antnced). He i recorded as court painter in ‘Faenza and is descsbed m ‘pict publica and’ magster in 1461. In 1452 ‘Marci given as his second mume; Inter the family arse Savocett appeats. He i atid be dead in document of 24 Sepeerber 1474, Giovanni di Gidisno du Ozolo shoul tot be confused wid his compatiot Givani (di Andrea) ds Riolo (71433), not ‘vith Giovanni Pleuo da Oxol, wb pated in Aso. BIBLIOGRAPHY Oi ar rs ihe tee Qt met Obagi eae ta any Baca Le pla gm de ties Bato 6, tas. Mota 19000, 1/1 28 ‘Dan Ti iron Su, ondon NG. L395, 26/8185, KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT lr ie Pn 11-2, Soiree age ae IEE Boe erare ua Chee Sore coe omen We rls yee Aas ae He a Cs ine foci fancy sa ms ely enrigie oicoleg Oye See ore 2 ee posal rer yey een gaia rg Soa bly niger iacseraen nena a SMES dia arate ihe cane a Ses tr care a faye on ces ere Soar ree one re oer ied De Se Goa aces oT ce ae tae igen iaret ee mea He ones sar Sere ae tote Sram Soot Sine a Eaeccntainar cae fom i aa eee ea erncraemn geretioee Hee eeereciirersies z Reese Nerina ge zoe a RESO penis eign mamas Giovanni da Rimini ©. stow pope per oral Pa ol Ai 88), fae . ‘virromo Narate Gomi es rl (Gees deal cay iran Chey hace ee eee ey ee ren tee Ee ie cece ees Tae sets ea ares ee ee sie eee oe ae te dines ais ae ee 30 erp Stes (1 Seeger eet ie eee Dy alee Sec ce a were EE A epee Paar arg erg pierre Sra ee ae Sco Gee Se ee eee oneness ee See ee a oe ee Gucci ene See ey oe el Cent lan va acter nes Sas ES ec ioe es leer BS sauce pee feces reget Cee aa Sei ee eee SERRE ORT EES cmon iomne ieee eee mete STEVEN Hoe Giovanni @’Asbosio. SeJEAN D'snBO>S, Giovani da Rimi (1292-1336 Fon painter Toa dlocimets mention 4 Grvama ‘panter hen ut, lve in me between 1392 and 1336 ee eye sheyretert thes denen ths bss ofthe Cree Gibe23im: Mercato, § Francesa), sere Jones Picton crt Hoc ort. Tonal tan dated 8 oF 1314 (Valp):the eater dts ry aces toy lke most L4tscennsy crc, incling ther ote ated tothe ome an the Beals Graf 3 deve om that ated to Gane Fraczsco, Rimini Neverelen,temore cong pe potion, the more schema smtricaldesepto oF the Mercucio Chi an he sighy sec cacorsve bclgound betay Glowants (3trcennay tes His sles chcnctened by the acre loses aad Hehchronsternge oft ily Bynnanetadon "two val pining am geen aceptnd wt Gran ais extioe woe The Linon and Chil wth Pe Ss (Garan, Pi Com) t pebiby te mctrng alot Alpgch! he sil, rwbsier suc preset in any rina pce mod the sre paces reo, Figures ofthe lower epics empha the cose ens of Virgin nd Child bows Toe Chipenes huped 705754 Guarino, Francesco (Gane’Agata ping patthchetch) showing her rormsed, Seren mengoesad teobelyheragiebees it off are fom the save pesod; he figae eypes andthe Ssmpoton af the seed sees tale dec tare by Velaguen’s Bares and bis Compasions 6 1628; Noid, Prada). Tn ie later paintings of path (Moscow, askin Mis, FA; 6 1687, Naples, Cepodinonte; see fiz) Grarinoexplored te type of female allengshsndy intzoduced by Simon Vouer and Massimo Stassione, focnsina on the refined seneaty of the eabject, hom he porrayed with one shoulse be, nego holding bod tained cloth to hse mvslated bres. ‘Eater Goasino, in such won ae the Pmmaclate Come ‘im (1ST, Solo $ Michele) and che depan: mnca- ‘(15423 Solo, § Miche), developed, lke many Nespoltan priors of the 1630, bightr, warmer pilots indetted ro Venetian colout Ie also pated small Plewres, such as the nine scenes from the Lif of $1 Bnibor; Abie (1642; Campebass, Sant Anteoio Abate), ‘The alice in thie cause, the Mirae of Se Bevedi, vith above i the Pel (1603) and che pat of picrares Esau Sling bis Birth an Law Blering Jcob (\6M0- +2; Pommenfeiten, Sess Weisenstn, bear 2 com- Pex eatiomhip 9 Starsioneand Biber The two siones Jace, with thie quater length Spues, waite a pow. ‘ful nmuralsm with # aew formal datiy. "The palaogs Se netly decorate and rompioysfaboce ave Fenderee febrile blues, brightreds and yellows ‘The increasing Insience on’ Guarino of the more egany academic stle of Seanzion is apparerein he we ‘esiogs of the Madonaa of be Ruta) (1644 reached bythe arist in 1649, Solo, § Domenico; and 1645, Francoco Guin: Asta oom ean, 110 (ples Maun Gales Nesom Cpodinace) ge Ins § Mn neon) ie Meee tid eons 6s Coat mete age elec a Petes mene tcom may certs perp Te As ee Sete tein bs Seok “ee esi armen game {G-Robeamen Tir Ona ee ab 980) SEER Tae oe on ges Aria ae Gigabe aaa oa ge "Oper & Francesco Guasno a Cmpotaso' Papin (Ost ‘Ve Mag*A Sofa P Gen Rat lif: Le Caleta a doce ap a coms rc Sisthacaalitnesyjenna sen ee taal acre A Cet dwn ig es ape) pS 432 Spe arse cao tants Slee a SET SEyv Cl eno Guarino da Verona (0 Verona, 1374; ¢ Ferma, 4 Dec 1460), line humanist nd educator He was one ofthe gest homarist teacher of the Leh eentony Having fdiedin Verona, Padus and Venice, Gusrino ya among ‘he in: Fallon sur p vist Constanenople sere he studied Greek from 140310 1408, Sing part of the ame Inde Lousctold ofthe aeo-Plaronc phtropler Mail CCheysolors (1350-1415) Laden with Greek manuscripts, GGuatino retuned © Tey via Rhodes aod Chios in 1409, sayed in Venice for a shor peried, moved to Vezona (1409-10) and Gly sated in Florence, hove he wae employed asa Greek sr (1410-14), Beweea 1414 and TAD Be was eaching in Venice and ia 1419 he opened pvateschoclin Verona a 1429 Guarino was summoned Xe Fermen ty Nicol Ill €Eete as tor fr bit s00 ‘Lonel, He temined tere unt hs dv, ‘Guasing was the athe of meron tanalatons Geom the Gree, cmmentsie on both Greek ind Latin ors ted de bogrplics of Homer and’ Mar, Hie Lata ttanclaton of Lucia’s Calunmy, with ie ebphrais of ‘pele? pricing of the subject served se the mods For ‘Alberts aecnont in De piers (1435). He ako wrote & ‘ery infra Latin rae, the Rela gamma Under Goasin’saege, Perea became an ative entre fie humanist smd an leaning. Pope Pins I desenbed hh se... be tescher of slaoet al who hare stand litncion in the humanities in one day’ There are two slighty varing accounts of Guatino’s response tthe vin a. The penona piven Guaeao in The pupil Aagelo Decenbrios De pale litaria cee lof which is eroboratel by opinions serforthby Gerino Emel his coreetpondence shows him tobe dieissive16 Pannemaker, de NCA Waa Le Tpit rcs Brn, 1) MEE Mhonoas Ebay of Tepe Geode 1008); eS. Fe Then Ema ala 1) ‘WGA Varner’ & Dearing ty van Oo the Coos Ta ‘nthe Waenes Colston! 1 owns © shor Cog 8), pa 1 Berge ame Iegecen de HV ca de XVIC eam, Gene ‘Bie ety 1938 oan GT rap ec: Ts te Mat Een Int fh XV ‘sad EV Cai Ty Ot, Top Ce Hage od rca 05), Louise & sane ‘Pannonio [Ongato; Ungaro, Michele (b ?Huagary, {10 d ents before 98 Jey 464), Painter ace Ita. He was one of the mos import painters atthe cout of Fern the id 1h ceatury and coneated tote crstionofanindgenou: Ferarescenleo! panting Mon of he vost have been deewoyed. He enoy have been bom ia Husgiy, as hi name ilies. The are Ease Bemeeea tn ols tod cas cctructpouey ntrs wong in Hungary, bot nothing i known of is Shay come, The rppertot et be cen be denned with 44 Michele dai Uni, paid in 1415 for painting a standard forleonllo Panes secre utenabcy bu the Michel da Unga recorded sx one of Genie da Fabriano’ asi tae wesking fhe Steal Chapel nthe snr of S400 “ein, Foreee in 1425 may be the sane arise annono sopcan ip the Bue cour cond contin ‘oud fom 1437 to L464 Fle may have been cout finer to he Bar berscen 496 (te deathof Angelo Matagning ‘la Sena) and te cleationof Cosimo Tua to Gat pion in 146 In 1450 be decorated the vat (Ger) of the facisy of Feraa Cathedral. He ao pated atleast one Canvas, the mate Toei (Budipest, Mo Fh), for Lio tell Estes ci at Bele, probably bertees 1481 {nd 148, He appears to have been resporsble for the deepen (deste) of Berso GEstes newly alt Coron, in Fee between 1460 and 1468, According to Tete Conrat Marcia Ladoven Goonaa conieted caploy ingPaanono ws the Manan court tristin the te 150, ‘when Artes Masepna was preva Other wore atsburble wo Pansonio che S-Zowie of Tonose a8 St Bernard (ont Ferraz, Bi. N.) hit probe companion plese St Anthony of Padua (exp al, Min, sr Boskovin, 197, and Gee an tr ‘Dragon Manet Hose, Mes Sommers) ‘Neat gu vnlaecea Giana Bape, Tong Es eg eto Ong rome hie & Ste Cra i ore Sn Sr Fiano tbh of ie ere Fach, re Sint Sere pl 2s ak Ramee Be Ag, emma 1 Lge Rene 19 ea Op ep Bre Tangs (cae Opt) 55 1, (5198 ce cnn eg a 8) Nc Pst Gees rcs nd Mal Clo Wak & Ga Tot es 0) pO A. Bhatia mia Seo deel poganmsd Gano & ‘ero ti Aad Se a8 (79) fs Ronikee ane nes pn: out ean he Cn of a Ba i (970), 39.0. 24 1M Bost: Pease Paltig sour USD: Some New Ammer, Ber aot (98) pp 378 Panofeky, Enwin (> Hannover, 3) Match 1892; ¢Prince fan, NI 14 March 1968). German at histosan, active ia she USA. He wrote primal on late medieval nd Renis- sence atin aorchern Burope and Tay, mod, be by 20 ‘eans exclusively on painting, {Morin Germany 2. Wonk in tbe USA 1. WORKIN GERMANY. Pancfly’'s doctoral dissera sion (1915) was on the relation of Pires theory of arto that in Remissinee Taly; in 1923 be and Frez Sox pablished a smdy of Diters engraving Mubmeoie I In 1926 he became the frst professor of art History at the new universiy of Hamburg, where was cle iavolied ‘wth Rinse Casies (1874-1945), the profesor of phils ‘phy, snd with Stal ard Aby Warburg atthe Biblione: Warborg, Punofsiy’s same i often atrouly asocined ‘vith the seach forthe wbject mater ofpaindnge eough reference to uadsional imagery and literature. Howeves, Ihe weling deays involved a mich more ambitious and ‘coherent mode of rida inerpreation: he sought cones ‘ently place individual works of atin slain to what hhetook « bean underhing spect ofthe hurnan situation, the reciprociy between ‘oljcetvty"our receptive tet” tion to the extemal woxd~and ‘subjeediyy—she con- structive secvity of ou thovght ‘Panofily’s sense ofthis eiprocty was developed out ‘of two diffecut deoris: following Alois Riegl he cen Perraa,c 1435-6; 418 May-t July 1996), Italian painter and craaghtsmaa. He was, together ‘with Cosimo Tura and Francesco del Costs, one of the ‘most imponant painters working in Feeam and Bologna in che 15th centary. Alchough many of his works have been destroyed, those har survive show that he ised the depiction of human emoion ind narcative drams 10 ‘emarkable heights, From 1486 he wosked ss cour-paintee to FreoleId'Este(), Duke of Ferran. | Endy ok 73-22. Blogns M826 3. Fear 148696, 1, BaRtx work, 1473-82. He appears in documents both ss Ercole di Gino Cesire de? Grandi ard Ercole ‘Antonio de’ Roberti This has prompted some cisco suggest there were two nea‘-costemporary painters work ingin Ferraa whose Christan neme was Excole.The der of these, usually designated ‘de Robert’, was thought 10 455456 Robert, Eecole de’ 1: Early work, 1473-82 faint ina syle case w that of Cosimo Tur, while the young, ‘Grand palate more lke the mature Lorenzo {Costa However, snotaalactof 1530 naming Hino, son of the dectated Naster Ercole de Robert, as de Grands paner and seizen of Ferre’ makes cleat ‘hat de nwo names rier to one acs. Roberts lathe, Anions, is tecorced asa docekeepee atthe Este cate in Ferre obec bathate has been st bene 1456, 00 the basis of a lester be wete to Ercole Id'Este, Duke of Terran, on 19 Macch 1491, in-which he decried melt 1 having passed che middle year of his le. Vasanis ‘omment that Reber lived co the age Of 49 sees ‘condi this, ‘The identention of Beccles fst work scans con: ttoveral In 473he was workingin Bolognaia Francesco ‘Cones worlahop, bat the ettoat of ho euler wining is Ferma isunclee Lenghi (1954) attebuted to Rober alarge section of the Feteoe i the Sslone dei Metin the Pahzzo Schifinoia, Ferre (rr FERRARA. Gi), He slated the Trismpb of Lancer (or he Troop of Van) in the upper register ofthe iba section a parculaty indieatve ofthe ‘personal eabism’ ofthe young artist Longh’s sugestions have been gencely acceped. Bar gles 1945), developing his own previous atauton to Ktobere of tke secon of the Se George’ Day horse race in the ower part of the Tauris sectina, alo ateibuted Sever sectons of che corth wall he lwer pare of Leo, mile and lover zone of Vsgo aad all of La) to the sume hind, Coss complain: thathe hal heen fored to ‘work wongse agpreatce printers while painting nthe one sappcets the idea that Robere,a¢ ote OF these pprencices, could conceivably have been responuile for Inge secons oft decoaues ‘Tes ay expe how the to painersmighthavemet, a the cicumstancesundet sthich Robesi might lave left Ferny, Againie these sguments, howevts, ts difficul co imagine how Robert ‘pil be the auther ofthe seein f dhe Sale de esi ‘most often anibuted ro him, which seem 30 heavily ieflenced by Tura when his fectcertain works sw le indication ofthis inflsence but instet scm almost wholly Prtish nm, 19 (ome, Pct Vee) ependnt on the at ofhis master, Peancesco del Coss, Ithas been sappesed tht what Unoght ete a che via ‘madnes’of the Libra panel may resale fr de clelated and mannerel effects ofa mate painter ther haa rors {Be effusions of + dymumic youth. ‘The possbiity that Ecole pained ia the Selons del Mesi shoud not be dimissed, bu pestape shouldbe tated more wntatvey obras ist secure works ate the predella and saints on the Inter plasters punted for the altarpiece (1473) ‘cenmissoned fom FRANCESCO BEL Coss fe the Gui font Chapel n$ Peroni, Belogns ‘The predelisdepess scenes ftom the Lif of $¢ Vinene Foner (Roine, Pin, ‘Vatican; see )andelate to Cones cent patel of ‘& Vinant (London, N.G). A number ofall panels epic stoning Sans ate usualy ideatiied with the Gaifon alapiee:S¢Afchuetnd 51 poinia (oth Pai, Towrec), 5 cndteny ibbor (Roictam, Bosoane vat Bruninges), if Paonia (Ferme, Bia, N) ane S¢ Goze, Si frome and Catbrse of Mania all Venice, Cl Cin) Eaimares ofthe degree of Eales patipation ia ‘hice works wary fom dhe eam that be fill in only minor details acocding to a plan and competion that ‘were essentially Cores the geertion that Rober was fily sesponsble for the invention and execution of the prella and of sererl ofthe ssn: Ata manbor of « ‘workshop, Roberd would natwally be expectes to achece tolts site vocabulary Nevertheless, the comportions of both the individual gues andthe predelh bevay cenain grandeur of vision une anything in Coss's extant ‘cave. Vasai's claim dit Robert surpased the work of his maser in this predela seems tobe borne out Other works that esa be daed eo this period sce the pendat portrait of Gionane IT Bening a bis wil, Cierra ‘Bonroegia Washington, OC, NiG-f),SeJobn Be Bepie (Bevin, Gemaldegal), Jerome (Loon, Below oev ol andthe altarpiece forte Lateran canons ofS Lazaro in Borgo dele Poppe, nea Ferara Berlin, Kaser reds Mus, desir) Some scholars have suggested that ‘he S Larzaalariece vasa collaborative wor, pestaps bbgun by Covsa and finshed in Fema by Robert ater Coss’ deathin 1475, | Bsc Robe: del fom hep ofthe Gol Aloee srg ste fm the 8 51 Ventre lon pes2 Brel de’ Rober: Vii and Chil Echo with SS Ar, ‘Ell nd atin ane Bed Pon Oth Ble Posed loners 32240. 2 1 ie, sce de Sean On $ February 1479 Robes entered into s contact bern himel, hs brother Polidero ( wradworkes) snd the golden Giovani Giskeno da Pacenea The tpldsmih was obliged wo make gold and see a forthe brothers and in ret they need to provide iz with fools, Iu the shep anda sare in he pros The Aocameat implies that Ercole intended to remain in Ferrara, but is dd not happen. By she end of 1280, pethaps afters trp © Verice, hewn probably ia Ravenna, painting an aarpiece foe S Naria fp Para Poe The antag, a Vigin and Clild Entboned vith SS Aen, bth and Anguting and th Blood Pio del Ont, ‘commosly kaown asthe ‘Pals Ports? (Mio, Bren, ‘ee ig.) inthe masterpiece of Reco ely ence and his only extart documented work. On 26 March and 7 May 18 Fron received pyrene forthe alieyoce and ‘Bemardno de Venexa was pid for wotk on f fre ‘Haeweentheendaten Heels spprentyreened eo Feracs via Bolegna #9 thas dhe Snal payment forte sesepince thd o tr eet coin i Faro. The composition ofthe “Pole Prima is Sexi dependent an the § Lazio sltupiees, bt moch oF the decorative fusines Found in ‘the te pacing’ archtecre and costes has been septal! a wddden, do Spurs coum ere untae, and the Pale Porn? cmnpostonie pemented with sea cal semicon of he coneraporty weak of Giovane Bella Robert, Freole de’, 2: Bologn, 18-6 2. BOLOGNA, 1482-6. In 1482 Rober rene te Bologna wher he stod ss godlher at the bapa of Bartiomeo Gazganell's son Gioranni atta, Benen thi te and 1484, ole ns involved the completion lf the decoration of the Garganall Chaplin S icra, Bologea, a commissien lef unfished by Coss a hs deals The church wa demolished in 1605-6 and only 2 I bese Engen in orate ne aa in.) However, itieposableorecors' the ein deconaion of the chapel from copie, dawings aod Aeseepors (atte ght all ofthe chapel wasa ange eseo ofthe Grassi (Jee). Ba aug pen droving of the ‘agus atte foor of the cess (Bedi, Kupicha) isamcanycomposisoal pas fortis ture. A dawing OCS Langnr ad 0 Yoong Page Manic, Saat Graph Sunn) probably records the are tothe lower left the ata cus, Phe only ett astogaph fagment, the head of the UWepigg Mapdaine (Bola, Pia N.ssee Rig 3), belonged wo ie lover secon ofthe Crain It Postble dat the panel ofa Mourning aman (Balemore Nop, Water AG) aay aso te ‘Comncecd wi tt seedon ofthe sco The sane ofthe Death fhe Vg fa te lef wall € the chapel ean be sconsected fen fo early pail copie; a caves showing For Sending en Pata Lows) scons lowe fal of de wal while the Drath be Vig (Suet FL, Ringling Mus 1A} shows the ge, Teahionaly de gure anit ‘he exzeme ef ofthe Louvre pice as been Hesifed se sport of Ercal’s puro, Baniotomes Caan, While the young man sting to Guanes ghe Betved tobe asl pocrieaf hearst Pe jxposion beruzen de highly chrged, emosonal tule Crack nnd he eel cen matte phono 1 of te Virgin mt hae bora skin. La see and power the Gargneli Chapel decent wat write {ny eontenperay now Teian printing ts montnenal ‘igure. ntted togeier with 2 composionl densiny paralized eny by works of the High Rerazeacein Rome ede, Mchelngelo found Robert's punings amos Romina tee daracee and quaty lato 158). 3. tober: Waging aye esa tel top 280280 mm 6-6 Dolo, Paco Naser) 487Robeit, Ercole de’, (2: Bologna, 1432 The ares that orignal ford the predela tothe igh ata ofS Giovanin Monte, Delos probably ce from te cacy 14808 Then te Coro Baad of Cretan the ad Cary (th Dreier, Gerd Sep) Mantel ie Pa (Livcpoal, Walker AG see fig #) Seve aniogra dravings sx fo ths compo> ton fog Foxe Ufa Io, 14440, London, ENE 542) Some solar have fen the Londen deans Tacent oa the Liverpo Pn but to mfrgr ot ose ‘ho have arcepted ths devsing s aoyraps have Signed oan caine dn ‘Ete’ Rte: io rs, THOS mmc 12-4 (Lived Walker et Gale) iter psatings probably dnting foes Robes second Rolomese peiod ie the Vende Vinin and Child (Ferns, Pav Ni, the Vig ond Child (Best, Gena Aegal) the Lav Suppers he Frits Chen Sana (bom London, Ns) ond Nalind Ble Abr {antced hese may have orginally beznpart the ame Dredly, be Vin and Coa (Cheapo, fis nt) aad the Adoratan ofthe Sphere sod Patt vith St Joome (GenkdLonson, NG). Dating hs ptlod Ecco aco hve made an tensive stedy ef the art of Arcos Maningas Carta urs inthe Ganga Chapel faBat Sse Weaice, Corr) andin a sumer of ewes eboted to Hobers (eg Winsor Caste, Kora Lin, 1295; Ronercum, Hoymnans-ven Besningen, 574) seem exive fom pans end dings by otaegna 1 Pema 186-9664 ete sere en at Rated Gece ore fn ad ong Baccs Se Se as ates as ish Te pbetel icone snopes Hee peu cereas Se $leGetnnge O00 yh Bac Sees ee ee Gur eae Siena niley Sebo cise serial Reece aie a Tati) ie eat Ea sec el Sree ene ecco nets Bogan aes ioe eee ee oe cen sini tain Ee Keg Fikopey ee oe oak neers Spuager Dende Ret He Soca ces eae ‘rapiiedaapaagns tas omrn) ants tons Hele ithe ge ie, Sao Bee in esoye! Sens es Tueweeatebinnad wall ie cece Ronee cig rele Spite toh he eect or et eee teil icine ices lee EE, ceeaaateechermacisrerdb iat seeremcca cee oae ier coe ina vente Kosten sO Soccer pets toe hc ne at ExGiinay Briss dt meen? ames Fa ul ese eur aoe SESrhnr ee ata Reljpalertkewselpeter Oxapiecae vinden dts ah es ng ecru titers nto inee Teese nanta Sin ter Seven dg bribe onan Tanta beatae Pree couwiecaedseey See etc cera Halt tes Doe bie oee foe ee ec oece ere ‘eee plea here cty ee een cise tare py idee ode lnie W e hese eee Sr ances ae aaneen ig Pes mina pw ptindace geil Ra See on Se RETA Mah be Pf A di Beets Mehta iowa re Ha tat psc tin Cres eg pierre reer pee ibaa te cede ro Robert, Ercole de’, §3: Ferrars, 1486-96 [ dExe at Beligonedo(bullings and decoration deste). ln letter dived 13 February 14 vedo Sires, the ducal ‘ecrety, complied about te exent to which the ike id abandoned hie usa pote, Busdng snd playing hessin ore tocseuss dhe projects wth Reber Ses ‘leseroed Robers peeping lage drawings, having een he ee Sloss De nm or ort ist forthe pst fe days etd on fase be Daler dle ade he De seed othe nee ae, Srhch hearer eves Fortwo oerhous reat Te he Da] Sa bo rang» ween foc ook fs {olan ced Jocpton wach cans et de fon ie OM Temes “The ler fis oan nespecred lev of elaberation teeweenpaton and nist, Covsal Sabana degh Ac uy mk i gb igor (ee Cuter, $972) seceded aa elborte te Dae the wry of Gap and Pepebe mae for one of the Fat eens, ‘ck he acted an ‘ellen Frese net Tit Thuy fave heen Ecole Iie dso posible habe seis of Pains depicing scence of Jum and le roman {Bada Me Crs Flreneg Rael pel Lagann Col Tater Bornemsza) vas panted for Bust, To Apel 190 Roberd pad + numer of artis Fx printing devices for Cal Ippolito Ext. In May be hs conasionsd by lanes Lat topainta pore af heron rele ste Ina eter died 28 Nay 1494 Beinn Prose explane 0 Iabels thar Robed ws “unabl téevote hime to plang the ora beaee ‘Alonso de nas kepag him By wn other oor. One doesent may sage that doe tk ideal Sclan- naling The ports antaced ws gan bute lef undnied a Robss sth and wa eet to Manta {a tur saz by Alfonso in unary 1997 leispone tat the pont for ich Dos Dest ws pal oa 4 Apel TS2E often denied wath Dovsa’s porant of Brae (7Ee (Modena, Gal 6 Mas, Eente, mist bea copy StRebere washeeporenie Awoin 8ChaeaCiael oanmisened Rober opt a atasce fox S Sito, um Te contact supeterasAnntoeintoneh Ged the Faber andthe Holy Spit on lea pedaba inate Nate seertcd of alg and Presson inthe Tenple al usteaced). Ts ise only ecrt of ours eng lowed to work fora pron out he te howthold during the at decade of hse ‘om 194 cl it dent Robe povided a eumber of degnsforseiptualconmisaon. Te close equ {ran omnes Of Eicoe I ste wo be plces st Prana Nuova o thaght toe busel oo'a deiga by Kober (or inwunton see A. Nae: Tuao geal ‘tao dantcer fami & Frra (ee {oth p) Stalladyc nown thar he eae Aang oct fgae sndinere aectectaral selpre for Bugje Rosas dhuch of Sav ia Vado, Pete Robe sls doce supine form alaapioce for Fino Nari ia 196. He we bared nS Domenico, Fees O Sat: Lanin cian mn dn Cte 10, ci Mein te ame 685, po 4597) Robert, Eresle d's Bibliography i 2714 0. Man OT "i coca nie drt anpom ate Seat tert dies Ayer SER nina pereatan Bia: Tirme tetas PE cnet tern ‘Be Kn (08) pT 1 Fag eg EL nag cma 1 Long Ofte eer Pens, 10, with gl /956/% ‘ing oe Pen Wi ES hgh iy ielsvore EE ence yenrivonm er 7 hs Cone Tipton patna com, Te crass es oer 1 earn ery FERS ew amen Ea Agere apc ta coon Se as coogi Ramee Feeney (Eee ee eam Uo ti tle oben Bago ai (918 Gta: lf, 2a A, (01569. 191-8 pend omen ede lg Bl, Bec de dik Gnd pr tonomenoa! aed ih gp 18 Fact Et Garon eaten al Copa Cpl nn maa Ro le (19 1 Bue Rede Pena by Eee Rah Bd Ae sopp ea 1 Met Eile ees ee Dp dl 8 Pec a Sa ee 8 DG Pon Grn ee, 133), 257 ‘XE Popham Bae abe, OW Man Bs 0039. et ken mang 39 ieee ee, Rapes Ee Goin Eee dee, Goch" fame deg sea cle cers pe oe ee PO aaa ey ee econ Atel SEM a ease oes Sed eg’, Ae At (SE), pe pon te abe Set rd Bt eg Op (seen ae Rabe, Cit A 80), eae cB tle Pama tic dtcopgte eth ih Hemel Bom Cal Getonl Bell Ce Keine, Bll (58) p33 | Bl olde bes Bae, A HA, (98 99 277 2 Ral: pide se Zebedee debe 2a pasty Se Robes Be Aes 51065, 96.7 ea ya nh a at AG, 1 Sena ine atten Uo nena ie signa nek pd pe be Pa Ta, elena euigiee rt pl Fee Se pak ed ie pe Ben ldo Gann Sn Paro Babe Sr Sapien Calon Dus Cam Ea aimed Fra Sosa a hop SE ins care Ret Gap nel oes me elinger sea Sane A pet et Bln na Gt tba Rony ont pf ty aaa in Lp Geo Soe Ma mb a sane Ata Sonik Kare (Mode 98, pp, ob Matthew, Johason-Machall& Farmers, Bit it ardtecral partner forme in 1956 by Robes (Gogg) Mathew (¢ Eainbueg 12Dew 1906; bi E Lothian 2 Jue 197) ane Se Johan ars Tada, (9123416 De 1981) Rober Matthew wn the son of Joa Fever Mathew (18751935) a eons aaitece ‘fond een in partesip with Roe Laces Te tines athe Edinburgh College of Anand wih Loner Mathew his fathers) ladenced by be dking ‘f Prick Geddes he naned gradual tons te et tnd ste aspect of arlectre al panne Por {ome year Eom 157 Mathew wou he artes, tural suff ofthe Deparment of Heh fr Semana Fle ‘ss den ake by Proce Abeteronbie tas on span foc te Cie ally comminsoned oy the Scots Otice (OWE, Muhew was archer ete London Coury {Counet (LCC) fern 146 01952, the peo of Ce Bt pow Wold War Ireconstctou ies London ned { Abuecronbie's plan of 1843 Matthew's confidence, fcefinee, bel tn amos al echiecal sy cummed him nivesal espere He sergrsed the ange TCC Arcinees Departoen and breaghe op SE ‘sponte Medemitm pth soci archer of Lon ou He took charge of honeeels of LC Schemes, incung the Royal Feta il onthe South ‘Bank (948-51) fr which eappomed cm of ach tects Int by Lese Man and Peet Moro. Le 1953 he feared to Fainbegh a Peoisorof Arhiecuee athe Univers aed begin» priate prac, fast cons soa beng TarnheuseAcporsEsiburgh Theprowh of {is price, nonly bap the commision of New Zeid Howse, Hymatect, London ed nm to cab