Marjan Sciences of Quran – Symbols or Signs in Mushaf

Symbols or Signs in Mushaf

% َ
‫ﺎت‬$‫ ﺣَﺮ‬- Vowels
ْ َ
These signs are the ‫( "ﺸِﻜ(ﻞ‬the diatric for short vowel sounds). They are three:

Sign Name Examples

َْ " ُ ُ "
◌َ ‫ – ﻓﺘَﺤﺔ‬Fat’hah ‫ أ‬- ‫أﻋﻮذ‬
ُ ُ
‫ ق‬- ‫ﻗْﻞ‬
َ
◌ُ ‫ ﺿﱠﻤﺔ‬- Dammah
َ ْ ‫ﻛ‬+ - Kasrah ‫ﱠ‬
◌ِ ‫ة‬, ‫س‬
- - ‫س‬
- ‫ٱﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬

-
‫ – اﻟﱡﺴﻜﻮن‬Sukoon

Symbol for sukoon in the Uthmani Mushaf

Symbol for sukoon in the Magharibi Mushaf

+
Sukoon ( ، ) sign indicates that the letter is free from a vowel (‫ﺎت‬0‫ َﺣَﺮ‬- ◌َ ، ◌ُ ، ◌ِ).
• It is on the top of the letter, and indicates the rule of Izhaar ( ‫ ) ٕاﻇﻬﺎر‬: Pronouncing the
ُۚ َۡ َ َ ‫ﱢ‬ ۡ َ
letter clearly from its makhraj with all its characteristics. Eg - (‫َﺤۡﻤِﺪ َر=ﻚ وٱۡﺳﺘﻐِﻔۡﺮە‬9ِ ‫)ﻓَﺴﱢﺒﺢ‬

َ ْ َ ْ
• The absence of sukoon sign on a letter indicates the rule of Idgham or Ikhfa (‫ ِإدﻏﺎم‬or ‫) ِإﺧﻔﺎء‬

َ
• Idgham( ‫) ِإْدﻏﺎم‬: It is merging a sakin letter with a mutaharik letter so they become one
َ َُ َ َ َ َ ‫ ﱠ‬+ َ َ َ ۢV + َ
stressed letter Eg - (‫\ ]ﺪك ( )وَءاَﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﱢﻣۡﻦ ﺧۡﻮِۭف‬ ‫ﺴﻄﺖ ِإ‬X TU‫)ﻓَﻤﻦ َ]ۡﻌَﻤۡﻞ( )ﻟ‬

ُ +
Ikhfaa (‫) ِإﺧﻔﺎء‬: The letter is hidden and accompanies ghunnah. Eg -(‫ع‬c‫)أﻧﺘۡﻢ( )ﱢﻣﻦ ُﺟ‬
َ ْ
•
Marjan Sciences of Quran – Symbols or Signs in Mushaf

‫َ ﱠ‬ ْ َ ّ
‫ ﺷﺪة‬/ ‫ﺪ‬9‫ﺸِﺪ‬5 - Tashdeed / Shaddah sign ( ◌ )

• This sign is on the top of the letter and represents that the letter is duplicated or doubled.

َۢ ‫ َ َ ﱠ‬B ُ ‫ُۚ ﱠ‬ ۡ َ ۡ َ َ ‫َﱢ‬ َ

Eg - (‫ﺎن ﺗﻮا*ﺎ‬A‫ﻚ وٱﺳﺘﻐِﻔۡﺮە ِإﻧﻪۥ‬0‫)ﻓَﺴﱢﺒﺢ ِ*ﺤۡﻤِﺪ ر‬
ۡ َ

• It also represents the rule of Idgham is applied if the previous letter is free from any sign.

j ُۡ َۡN َ ۡ ‫َ ﱠ‬
Eg - (‫ُﻢ‬ih‫ر‬g‫ﺮ( )]ﺪ‬M‫)وٱﻟﺸﻔﻊ وٱﻟﻮﺗ‬
M

‫ ﺗﻨ<=ﻦ‬-Tanween

Double Harkah where second harakah represents sound of Nun Sakin at the end of word.

Sign Name Examples

V n ‫ – َﻓْﺘَﺤَﺘ‬Fat’hatain ً ً َ ْ"
◌ً T ‫ ﺟﺎ‬- ‫أﻓﻮاﺟﺎ‬
V nْ ‫ َﺿﱠﻤَﺘ‬- Dammatain
T ‫ش‬ - ‫ﺶ‬ ْ Vَ‫ُﻗ‬
W
◌ٌ U U
ََ ْ +
V n ‫ﺗ‬, ٌ ٌ َ َ ْ‫ﱡ‬
◌ٍ T ‫ ﻛ‬- Kesratain ‫ ة‬- ‫ﻣﺆﺻﺪة‬

‫ة‬DE‫ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻤﺪ اﻟﺼﻐ‬- Small Madd Letters

Represents long vowel sounds, established in pronunciation but not written in the original mus’haf

Sign Name Examples

3ٰ ‫ة‬mn‫ اﻟﻒ ﺻﻐ‬- Alif Sagheerah ‫ِﻠِﻚ‬3ٰ‫َﻣ‬, ‫ﻦ‬-3ٰ‫ٱﻟﱠﺮْﺣَﻤ‬

"
‫ۦ‬ ‫ة‬mn‫ﺎء ﺻﻐ‬o - Yaa Sagheerah ‫ِﻔِﻬْﻢ‬3ٰ‫ ِإۦﻟ‬, ‫ِﻪۦ َﺟْﻤًﻌﺎ‬Cِ
ٌَ َ ُ ‫ﱡ‬Jَ ُ ُ َ
‫ۥ‬ ‫ة‬mn‫ واو ﺻﻐ‬- Waw Sagheerah ‫ﺔ‬O‫و‬-‫ﺎ‬M ‫ ﻓﺄﻣﻪۥ‬, ‫داوۥد‬
Marjan Sciences of Quran – Symbols or Signs in Mushaf

‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺪ‬- Madd Sign ( )

Indicates that the Madd letter is to be stretched for more than 2 counts.

This sign appears above the madd letters.

َ ۡ َy t ُ ‫ ﱠ‬tۤ rq َ ُ ۡ+ y
V n ‫ ُﻣﺨِﻠِﺼ‬x‫ﺪوا ٱ‬wُ‫ۡﻌ‬vَ‫ع( )وَﻣﺎ أِﻣُﺮوا إﻻ ِﻟ‬c‫) ٱﻟِﺬۤی أﻃَﻌَﻤﻬﻢ ﱢﻣﻦ ُﺟ‬
Eg - (T ِ

Small Letter Written on top or bottom of another letters

Sign Rule Example

ۢ َ ۚ ‫ﱠ‬
‫َﺠَﻬﻨَﻢ‬9ِ ‫ﯩِۭﺬ‬U‫َﯾۡﻮَﻣ‬
Small meem written on the
‫َﻤﺎ‬9ِ ‫‚ﺎ‬ƒ‫ِﻨۤﯿ‬€ -
top of the tanween or noon
َ ۢ
when it is followed by the ‫ِﺣﱡﻞ ِﺑَﻬٰ‚ﺬا‬ - ‫ِﺨَﻞ‬9َ ‫َﻣۢﻦ‬
letter ‫ ب‬- indicating the rule
‫ﻢ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬P‫ﻣ‬
of ‫ِإﻗﻼب‬
This small noon is to indicate
21: 88 -
َV ‫• ٱ•ﻟُﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬Ž‚ۨ‫‹ َ ٰﺬ ﻟَﻚ ُﻧ‬+‫َو‬
T
the omitted noon to be nِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ة‬mn‫ﻧﻮن ﺻﻐ‬
established in reading nunjī

ً َ ْ • َ • rَ َ
- ۖ ‫ۜﺼﻄﺔ‬9َ ‫” ٱﻟﺨﻠِﻖ‬Vِ ‫ْﻢ‬0‫َوزاد‬
The small letter ‫ س‬will be
7:69
V n‫ﺳ‬ pronounced if written on top
‫ة‬mn‫ ﺻﻐ‬T َ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ + َ ُ ُۜ ْ َ َ ُ ْ َ ُ y َ
and ‫ ص‬will pronounced if 2:245 - ‫ِﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻌﻮن‬ž‫ﺼﻂ و•ﻟ‬w›‫ﺾ و‬w‫ﻘ‬o x‫وٱ‬
ِ ِ
written below. َ ُ ْ َ ُ• ُ ُ ْ+
52:37 - ‫ﻄﺮون‬ ِ ž‫ﻢ ٱﻟﻤۣﺼ‬€ ‫أم‬
Marjan Sciences of Quran – Symbols or Signs in Mushaf

The letter Hamzah - ‫ﺣﺮف اﻟﻬﻤﺰة‬

Hamzat ul Qata’a - ‫ﻤﺰة ﻗﻄﻊ‬€ (‫)ء‬

• It may appear as a letter by itself or as over or under an alif, waw, or ya.

• It can come at the beginning, middle or end of the word and comes with ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬or with ‫ﺳﻜﻮن‬.

َ َ ْ ُ a ً B
‫ ُﻳﺆذن‬- ‫ أوﺗﻮا‬- ‫ ِإ\َﻤﺎﻧﺎ‬- ‫أَرَءْ\َﺖ‬
ْ َi - ‫ئ‬ َ ُ
‫ٍء‬hj ‫ﺮ‬M‫ ﻗ‬- ‫ُﺳِﺌَﻞ‬

Hamzat ul Wasl - ‫ﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬€ ( )

• Comes on top of letter Alif at the beginning of word only, It is pronounced as Hamzah with
appropriate Harakah when we start reading from that word and dropped when read in
continuation from the previous word.

B ُ
ُ ْ َi ‫ﻟ‬B ‫ْﻢ ۖ◌ إﱠن َ{ٰ|َﺬا‬za‫ َءاِﻟَﻬِﺘ‬wٰٓ B ‫ا َﻋ‬r‫و‬tُ u ‫ا َوٱْﺻ‬r‫ﻟَﻤَﻸ ِﻣْﻨُﻬْﻢ أِن ٱْﻣُﺸﻮ‬o‫ﻠَﻖ ٱ‬B‫َوٱﻧَﻄ‬
‫~ٌء ُﻳَﺮاد‬ ِ ِ
Marjan Sciences of Quran – Symbols or Signs in Mushaf

Other Signs in Mushaf

َ َ َ َ
‫ ( اﻟِﺼﻔﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺴﺘِﺪﻳﺮ‬o ) ‫ﻞ‬P‫ ( اﻟِﺼﻔﺮ اﻟُﻤْﺴﺘَﻄ‬0 )
An oval shape (0) written above an alif at
This round zero comes on an extra the end of seven particular words in the
letter, which is not pronounced in Quran, indicating that when we stop the
joining or in stopping sound of alif is lengthened for two counts
(madd tabee’ee), and in continuing recitation,
َV ‫۟ی ٱ§ﻟُﻤۡﺮَﺳﻠ‬¥‫) ﱠﻧَﺒ‬
(T
the alif dropped.
nِ ِ
ُ ‫ﺎ ُ{َﻮ‬ƒ‫ﻟ‚ﱠﻨ‬B
„
[Al - Kahf] (38) ِ
ُ َt ƒَ ُ ˆ
( ‫) ِﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬ َ َُ َ ‫ ﱡ‬aََ
[Al - Ahzab] ‫( {ﻨﺎِﻟﻚ‬10) ‫‡ ٱﻟﻈﻨﻮﻧﺎ‬ ِ ‫وﺗﻈﻨﻮن ِ*ﺎ‬
§َ ۡ t r r r a َ َ َ۠ ُ ‫ َ ْ َ ﱠ‬Bَ
( ‫) أ۟وﻟﻮا ٱﻷﻟَﺒٰ‚ِﺐ‬ [Al - Ahzab] ‫( وﻗﺎﻟﻮا‬66) ‫وأﻃﻌﻨﺎ ٱﻟﺮﺳﻮﻻ‬
ْ َ َ‫َﱠ‬ َ۠ ‫ َ ˆ َ ﱠ‬Bَ
[Al - Ahzab] ‫ﻨـ’ ءاِﺗِﻬﻢ‬0‫( ر‬67) ‫ﻼ‬P•ِ‫ﻓﺄﺿﻠﻮﻧﺎ ٱﻟﺴ‬
ً َْ Bَ َ۟ َ َ َ B o
[Al - Insan] (4) ‫“”ﻦ ﺳﻠ ٰـِﺴﻼ وأﻏﻠ ٰـﻼ‬M‫ِﻟﻠ‚ِﻔ‬
ƒ ََ ْ َ B
[Al - Insan] (15) ‫ر”َﺮا‬M‫ﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻮا‬A

ۡ ‫ َ ٌ ﱠ َ َ ﱡ‬ƒَB ۤ ََ
[Al - Kafirun] (4) ‫وﻻ أﻧﺎ ﻋﺎ*ﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻋ™ﺪﺗﻢ‬
ƒَB
[The word ‫ أﻧﺎ‬occurs many times in the Quran]
Marjan Sciences of Quran – Symbols or Signs in Mushaf

Sign Rule Example

The large solid dot or shape of hollow
•
diamond above a letter represents the
The large solid rule of ishmam or rawm.
dot or hollow
diamond above A hollow diamond [ ] above a letter
a letter
indicates Ishmam(‫)إﺷﻤﺎم‬: Circling the lips
without making the sound of dhammah.

A large solid dot [•] above a letter

indicates Rawm(‫)َروم‬: Pronouncing the
harakah of the letter by lowering its Only one word in the recitation of Imam Hafs
sound giving one third of harakah. [Hud: 41]

•
The large solid
The large solid dot or hollow diamond at
dot or hollow
the bottom of the letter represents the
diamond below
rule of Imalah ( ‫) اﻣﺎﻟﺔ‬.
a letter
Imalah means pronouncing the letter
Only one word in the recitation of Imam Hafs
between the sound of Alif and Ya’a.
[Hud: 41]
The large solid dot above the Alif
represents the rule ‫ﻞ اﻟﻬﻤﺰة‬J‫ﺴﻬ‬H when
• two hamzah qat’a come together.

For Imam Hafs only one word in Quran.

Tas’heel (‫ﻞ‬J‫ﺴﻬ‬H): It is pronouncing the Only one word in the recitation of Imam Hafs
‫ﻤﺰة‬N with an ease between a hamzah and [Fussilat: 44]
an Alif.

This is the sign of prostration of

َۡ ۡ ُ ُ َ ‫"ﱠ‬
recitation [ ‫ ]ﺳﺠﺪة ﺗﻼوة‬at the end of ayah (۩ ‫ب‬e- f ‫)]ﻼ ﻻ ﺗِﻄۡﻌﻪ َوٱۡﺳُﺠﺪ َوٱﻗ‬
where should be performed.
A line appears above the word that is the
reason of prostration.
Marjan Sciences of Quran – Symbols or Signs in Mushaf

‫ اﻟﻘﺮءان‬km l ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻮﻗﻒ‬

Signs Of Stopping In The Quran

Sign Rule Example

This sign indicated that it is
required to stop and that not
compulsory stopping
stopping on this word could
(‫)اﻟﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻼزم‬
change the intended meaning of
the words of Allah k
ۚ ً َ x َ ‫ ﱠ‬v ‫ ُ ۡۘ ﱠ‬J ۡ َ َ ُ ۡ َ َ َ
‫ﻌﺎ‬y‫ ﺟِﻤ‬w
ِ ِ ‫ﺤﺰﻧﻚ ﻗﻮﻟﻬﻢ ِإن ٱﻟِﻌﺰة‬q ‫وﻻ‬
v ُ
‫ُﻢ‬y‫َﻮ ٱﻟﱠﺴِﻤﯿُﻊ ٱﻟَﻌِﻠ‬M
[Surah Yunus 65]

It is the sign of a forbidden
stopping or start from here
Prohibited stopping
(‫ع‬U‫)اﻟﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻤﻤﻨ‬ due to the changed or
incomplete meaning.
َ ُ َ َ " " ً َ َ ۡ َ َ
‫َ‚ٰﯩﻼ َوﻻ‬Vۡ‫ِﻪۦ ﺛَﻤﻨﺎ َوﻟۡﻮ ]ﺎن ذا ﻗ‬Cِ ‫ی‬e- f ‫ﻻ ~ﺸ‬
َl ‫ﺎﺛﻤ‬3‰‫ﻟ‬v‫ﻟﻤَﻦ ٱ‬x ‫ إﱠﻧ‡ﺎ إذˆا‬wx‫َﺪَة ٱ‬3ٰ‫„ُﺘُﻢ َﺷَﻬ‬v‫َﻧ‬
Š ‹ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
[Surah Al-Ma'idah 106]

" َ َ ‫َ ‡ ﱠ‬ َ ۖ v v َ َ
It is sign of the permissibility of
’ٰ ‫ذ ⁠ٰ ِﻟﻚ ٱﻟَﯿۡﻮُم ٱﻟَﺤﱡﻖ ﻓَﻤﻦ ﺷﺎَء ٱﺗﺨﺬ ِإ‬
continuing though stopping is
(X‫)اﻟﻮﺻﻞ او‬
preferred. ‫ﺎ‬Cً‫ﺎ‬3‰‫َ ﱢر‚ِﻪۦ َﻣ‬
[Surah An-Naba' 39]

" َ "v ۗx ُ ُ ُ َ v َ
It is sign of the permissibility of ‫ٌﻢ‬y‫–َﻦ َﻋﺬاٌب أِﻟ‬V-‫ِﻔ‬3ٰ„‫ َوِﻟﻠ‬w
ِ ‫وِﺗﻠﻚ ﺣﺪود ٱ‬
continuing though stopping is
(X‫)اﻟﻮﻗﻒ او‬ preferred. [Surah Al-Mujadila 4]

‫ج‬ It is the sign of the ُwx‫ﻠَﻬۚﺎ َوٱ‬J‫ َﻧۡﻔًﺴﺎ إَذا َﺟ‡ﺎَء "أَﺟ‬wُ x ‫َو"ﻟﻦ ُﯾَﺆﱢﺧَﺮ ٱ‬
permissibility of both stopping
ِ
َ J َ ۢ َ
(‫)اﻟﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰ‬ and continuing ‫َﻤﺎ ﺗۡﻌَﻤﻠﻮن‬Cِ eُ ‹ ‫ﺧِﺒ‬
[Surah Al-Munafiqun 11]
Marjan Sciences of Quran – Symbols or Signs in Mushaf

Sign Rule Example

It is a sign of the related َŠ َۛ ۡ َ َ ُ َٰ v َ َ
l ‹ ‫ﻠُﻤﱠﺘِﻘ‬v‫ﻟ‬ž ‫ًﺪى‬Mُ ‫ ِ ۛﻪ‬y‫ﺐ ِﻓ‬ –‫ﺐ ﻻ ر‬3‫ذ ⁠ٰ ِﻟﻚ ٱﻟِ„ﺘ‬
stopping, in this case reciter
(‫)اﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻖ‬ [Surah Al-Baqarah 2]
stops only at one of the two
positions, reciter should not
stop at both signs.

These are signs to indicate the

end of the ayah and ayah
Signs at the end of the Ayah number is written on it.

These are signs to indicate the

beginning of the juzz or half or
quarter of the juzz.
Sign in the Margin

4 Compulsory Sakt
5
This sign (‫ )س‬indiates Sakt – A [Al-Kahf: 1]﴾‫ًﻤﺎ‬7‫ﻟُﻪۥ ﻋَﻮَﺟﺎ ۝َﻗﱢ‬
, $
ِ ‫﴿َوﻟۡﻢ َ(ۡﺠَﻌﻞ‬
breathless Pause.
َ َ ۗ َ َ
i.e. Cutting off the sound for a [Yasin 52] ﴾ ‫ ٰـﺬا‬M ◌‫﴿ِﻣﻦ ﱠﻣۡﺮﻗِﺪﻧﺎ‬
time less than the time of a
ۜ
stop, without breathing, with [Al Qiyamah 27] ﴾ ‫﴿َوِﻗَﻞ َﻣۡﻦ َراق‬
_ َ intention of returning to the
(‫)َﻋﻼَﻣﺔ اﻟﱠﺴﻜﺖ‬
recitation immediately َ ۜ ۖ‫"ﱠ‬
[Al Mutaffifeen 14] ﴾ ‫ۡﻞ َران‬Cَ ‫﴿]ﻼ‬
Imam Hafs read with
compulsary Sakt when joining
in 4 places and optional Sakt in 2 Optional Sakt
œ َ ٌ َ ۢ َ َ ‫ ﱢ‬a َœ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ٌﻢ ۝ ﺑَﺮآَءة ﱢﻣﻦ ٱ‬P‫ٍء ﻋِﻠ‬hi ‫ﻞ‬z*ِ ›‫﴿ِإن ٱ‬
2 places.
﴾›
joining sūrat Al-Anfal with surat At-Tawbah

َ "َ ۜۡ َ َ
[Al-Haqqah :28] ﴾‫ﻠﻚ‬M ‫ﻪ ۝‬¥‫﴿ﻣﺎِﻟ‬
Marjan Sciences of Quran – Symbols or Signs in Mushaf