One Hundred

Languages
Linda Liukas
@lindaliukas
(Programmer)
(Illustrator)
(Author)
Business school
dropout
Rails Girls

First experience in software craftmanship.

5
RUBY PYTHON JAVASCRIPT

puts ['apple', 'orange'].length print(len(['apple', 'orange'])) console.log(['apple', 'orange'].length);

JAVA
public class ArrayLength {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new String[]{"apple", "orange"}.length);
}
}

Ruby has an apple and an

orange in her bag. How
many fruit she has
altogether?
If code is the new
lingua franca, instead
of grammar classes, we
need poetry lessons.
GAMIFIED TUTORIAL:
STEP-BY-STEP OPEN-ENDED
INSTRUCTIONS, EASE PLAYGROUND:
OF ACCESS LOW FLOOR,
WIDE WALLS,
HIGH CEILING
Stories..
..help us make sense
of the world.

..connect us to
ourselves and to each
other.
What did we learn?
1. Exact commands.
2. In the right order.
3. Naming things is important
(and you can’t make spelling
mistakes)
4. Instructions should cover all
scenarios and be modifiable.
5. Even the biggest problems in
the world are just tiny
problems stuck together.
 Achievement Social Immersion

Advancement: Progress, power, Socialising: Casual chat, helping Discovery: Exploration, lore,
accumulation, status others, making friends finding hidden things

Relationships: Personal, self-

Mechanics: Numbers, optimisation, Role playing: Story line, character
disclosure, finding and giving
templating, analysis history, roles, fantasy
support

Competition: Challenging others, Teamwork: Collaboration, groups, Customisation: appearances,

provocation, domination group achievements accessories, style, color schemes

Escapism: Relaxation, escape from

real life, avoid real life problems

Lego Foundation: Systematic Creativity in the Digital Realm (2012)

 Achievement Social Immersion

Advancement: Progress, power, Socialising: Casual chat, helping Discovery: Exploration, lore,
accumulation, status others, making friends finding hidden things

Relationships: Personal, self-

Mechanics: Numbers, optimisation, Role playing: Story line, character
disclosure, finding and giving
templating, analysis history, roles, fantasy
support

Competition: Challenging others, Teamwork: Collaboration, groups, Customisation: appearances,

provocation, domination group achievements accessories, style, color schemes

Escapism: Relaxation, escape from

real life, avoid real life problems

Lego Foundation: Systematic Creativity in the Digital Realm (2012)

 Achievement Social Immersion

Advancement: Progress, power, Socialising: Casual chat, helping Discovery: Exploration, lore,
accumulation, status others, making friends finding hidden things

Relationships: Personal, self-

Mechanics: Numbers, optimisation, Role playing: Story line, character
disclosure, finding and giving
templating, analysis history, roles, fantasy
support

Competition: Challenging others, Teamwork: Collaboration, groups, Customisation: appearances,

provocation, domination group achievements accessories, style, color schemes

Escapism: Relaxation, escape from

real life, avoid real life problems

Lego Foundation: Systematic Creativity in the Digital Realm (2012)

“In most mathematical lessons the whole
difference lies in the fact that the student is
asked to accept from outside an already
entirely organised intellectual discipline
which he may or may not understand”
- Jean Piaget

“Don’t present students with pre-organised

vocabulary and concepts, but rather
provide students with a learning
environment grounded in action.”
- Jean Piaget
 How does
a loop feel?
This is one of Ruby’s This is how Snowleopard And this is how the
favorite dance rou- loves to waltz. penguins like to boo-
tines. Can you dance gie.
it to the beat of your
favorite song?

For loop!
Clap Swirl Clap While loop!
Until loop!
Clap Jump Kick

Stomp Jump
Stomp

Stomp Clap
Stomp

Clap Clap
Jump
Clap Clap

Jump
Clap

Clap
a FOR loop
Stomp
When you know how many times
to repeat something.
Stomp
Let’s repeat this three times!

Clap

Clap

Jump
Clap

Clap
a WHILE loop
Stomp
Makes the loop repeat WHILE the
condition is true.
Stomp
Let’s repeat this code WHILE I’m
standing on one leg.

Clap

Clap

Jump
Clap

Clap
an UNTIL loop
Stomp
Makes the loop repeat UNTIL the
Stomp condition is met.

Clap

Clap

Jump
A LOOP

Kinetic Visual Code Practice

for i in 0..1
KUN MUSIIKKI ALKAA A thermometer.
puts "Clap"
3 KERTAA
end
TOISTA

TAPUTA KÄSIÄ 2 KERTAA

for i in 0..1
puts "Stomp
TÖMÄYTÄ JALKAA 2 KERTAA
end
TAPUTA KÄSIÄ 2 KERTAA A game.
for i in 0..1
HYPPÄÄ 1 KERTA
puts "Clap"
end

PYSÄHDY puts "Jump" A website.

CONCEPTS PRACTICES

Data
Automation

Systems thinking Persistency

Pattern recognition

Computational
Tinkering
Creativity
Logical & critical thinking thinking

Abstraction
Debugging Collaboration
Decomposition

Algorithms
 ..20% of the Finnish
annual book exports.
A story of a small girl and a A twist on Alice in What if you could build the A modern Pinocchio: Ruby wants
big adventure in thinking like Wonderland: Ruby falls inside Internet out of snow? to take the robot to school to
a computer. a computer! • Networks and infrastructure learn
• Computational Thinking • Hardware of computers • Hardware of Internet • AI and Machine Learning
• Decomposition • Software of computers • Software of Internet • Computers vs. Humans
• Algorithms • Input/output • Applications • Bias in AI
• Sequences • Sensors • Staying safe online • What AI can do?
• Conditionals • What are computers?
What happens in a world where
we don’t have the vocabulary
to express what is around us?
 Where’s Try
wikipedia.org? 204.74.112.1!

Satellite Internet

DNS server Root server

198.41.0.4

Where’s Try
wikipedia.org? 207.142.131.234

ORDER PIZZA

DNS server .org nameserver

204.74.112.1
Your computer
Another computer

Where’s It’s at
wikipedia.org? 91.198.174.192

Wireless access points

DNS server Wikipedia.org nameserver

Fibre and undersea cables
204.142.131.234

Hardware Protocols Impact

 Preparing
kids for a
world where
every
problem is a
computer
problem.
COMPUTERS ARE
FASTER, SMALLER,
STRONGER - BUT
ALSO MORE
OPAQUE.
Computers
are
abstraction
machines.
Bringing Philosophy Down to Earth.
Bits.
The AND Gate
I’m the AND gate.
If you tell me two
statements that are
true, I can always they
are true.

I’m a weird mix of

mathematics and
philosophy. My roots
are in Greece.
The AND Gate
OK AND Gate. I’m Ruby
and I just fell in a
puddle.
The AND Gate
So here are my
statements. Pay
Thats’ true! attention to the AND
word.

I’m wet I’m cold.

AND
The AND Gate

(This is another way of

saying the same thing.)

AND
The AND Gate

(This is another way of

1 saying the same thing.)

1 1

AND
The AND Gate
If I try to say
something that is not
False! true, the AND Gate will
return a false.

I’m warm. I’m wet.

AND
The AND Gate

0 This would be expressed

likes this:
False!

I’m warm. I’m wet.

0 1
AND
 The AND Gate
That’s true! That’s not true! That’s not true! That’s not true!
0 0
1 0

I’m wet I’m warm I’m warm I’m dry. I’m warm I’m wet
I’m wet I’m cold.
1 0 0 0 0 1
1 AND 1 AND AND AND
 The AND Gate
That’s true! That’s not true! That’s not true! That’s not true!
0 0
1 0

I’m wet I’m warm I’m warm I’m dry. I’m warm I’m wet
I’m wet I’m cold.
1 0 0 0 0 1
1 1

A B Output

1 1 1
This here is a truth A
1 0 0 table. It lists all the Output
different outcomes.
0 1 0 B

0 0 0
The OR Gate

Hi there!
 The OR Gate
That’s true! That’s true! That’s not true! That’s true!
0 1
1 1

I’m wet OR I’m warm I’m warm OR I’m dry. I’m warm OR I’m wet
I’m wet OR I’m cold.
1 0 0 0 0 1
1 1
 The OR Gate
That’s true! That’s true! That’s not true! That’s true!
0 1
1 1

I’m wet OR I’m warm I’m warm OR I’m dry. I’m warm OR I’m wet
I’m wet OR I’m cold.
1 0 0 0 0 1
1 1

A B Output
This here is a truth
0 0 0 table. It lists all the A
Output
different outcomes.
1 0 1 B

0 1 1

0 0 1
The NOT Gate

I inverse everything I
get.
The NOT Gate
I’m wet.
You’re dry.

I’m cold.

You’re warm.
The NOT Gate
1
0

A B
This here is a truth
table. It lists all the
different outcomes.
0 1

1 0

0
1
input output
A B
So once there was this
guy called Claude
Shannon.

He is the guy behind

information theory.

But also the first one

to notice the
similarities between
electricity and logic.
 Electricity
No light!

Battery

No closed switch! No closed switch!

 Electricity
Light!

Battery

Closed switch Closed switch

 Electricity and
AND Gate
0 0

0 0

0 0
 Electricity and
AND Gate
1 1

1 1

1 1
 Electricity
No light!

Battery

No switch

No switch
 Electricity
Light!

Battery
Switch closed

Switch closed
 Electricity and
OR Gate
0
That’s not true!
0

I’m warm OR I’m dry.

0 0 0
 Electricity and
Notice
there’s
OR Gate
light!

1
That’s true!

I’m wet OR I’m warm

1 1 0
 Electricity and
OR Gate
1
That’s true!

I’m wet OR I’m cold.

1 1 1
XOR Gate
1 bit Adder
ENIAC processor
Transistors
Chips & silicon
Copyright © Hello Ruby

Exercise 2 Exercise 5
Draw! Circle!
Draw how you imagine a computer works :)
What does the inside look like? How does it Circle 7 activities you like doing most!
function? Is there magic?
playing with toy cars

playing with computer drawing or painting

building with legos playing outside
exercising board games looking at space
reading books coding writing
the internet
doing crafts
watching tv
looking for
playing music things

climbing trees listening to music

running keeping a diary doing sports

playing with dolls playing dress up

go to museums imagining a magical world

how did this exercise visiting a farm
BONUS! make you feel? spending time with the family
Circle the character looking for hidden things and places

BONUS!
happy sad powerful confused
happy sad powerful confused
The Content Creators
Kids drawing their apps, games, camera, and files within.
A computer is a concrete place to hold your things inside of.
The Linkers
Drawings that expressed connected parts, components, networks and
elements by abstract drawings of wire connections and boxes linked with
lines.
The Scenographers
The scenographer -kids took the computer to the theatre stage.
Carrying out functions was also a popular drawing theme, with
some of the kids noting that people or bugs physically carry out
functions from one part of the computer to the other.
 The Gear Gurus
Represented computers as gears interlocking
for a mechanical action to be carried out.
The Drafters
Super technical drawings included resistors, wires,
motherboards, and everything electronic to show that there
exists nothing but elements which a current runs through. To
our interpretation of their drawing, a computer is based on
logic not magic, on connections not abstract things.
There’s hundreds of computers in
every home.
Notional machine Completely Disagree.
disagree
Not sure. Agree Strongly
agree
I don’t
understand

Computer is the same thing as Internet.

“An abstraction of the computer Computer is the same thing as machine.

that one can use for thinking
about what a computer can and
Computer is the same thing as technology.
will do.”
- Benedict DuBoulay
Computers have feelings.

“We want students to understand Computers can sense things.

what a computer can do, what a
human can do, and why that’s Computers have sensors.
different. To understand computing
is to have a robust mental model
Computers can make art.
of a notional machine.”
- Mark Guzdial
Computers think.

Computer know about me.

 I/O
Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, John von
Neumann

CPU

Control Arithmetic
Unit Logic Unit

Input Output
Immediate
access store
Program, Data and
modified data
 MOUSE PRINTER

PRINTER

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

KEYBOARD
MICROPHONE
WARN THE
PASSANGER! 3D PRINTER

SEATBELT
UNLOCKED!
HEADPHONES
+ TEMPERATURE
SENSOR

TOUCH
PROCESSING OUTPUT SCREEN
INPUT
MONITOR
 I/O
Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, John von
Neumann

CPU

Control Arithmetic
Unit Logic Unit

Input Output
Immediate
access store
Program, Data and
modified data
 SERVICE DATA?
ENTRUSTED DATA??
INCIDENTAL DATA ?
BEHAVIORAL DATA???
DERIVED DATA?

7
 1 video you’ve
watched

1 place you’ve been

with your phone

1 thing you’ve liked or

given thumbs up to
What kind of an
ad your user
might like to click?
What kind of a
headline your
user might like?

What kind of
photo would suit
this user?
 1 video you’ve
watched

1 place you’ve been

with your phone Ruby - buy this
wonderful dress, Try out the new, free Mousehunt
today! game. It’s purrrfect!

You can’t believe

how these cookies

1 thing you’ve liked or will help you with

homework
Since you like computers, you
might also like this new tablet.

given thumbs up to

Data Algorithm Applications

These kids will have their
first experience with AI
before they can speak.
INPUT OUTPUT APPLICATION

Picture Are there human faces (0 or 1) Photo tagging

English sentence French sentence Translation

Car cameras Position of other cars Self-driving cars

Audioclip Transcript of audio clip Speech recognition

Is this a cat?
Rules Answers
Data

Traditional programming
Answers Rules
Data

Machine Learning
 not a cat

not a cat

not a cat

not a cat
not a cat

not a cat
 Reasoning Creating
Classification, Computational
clustering, Creativity
regression

Seeing
Machine Learning Computer
vision,
Communicating
Natural Language
Image
Understanding
recognition

Moving
Robotics and
Autonomous vehicles
 Keitä jännittää

ohjelmoinnin

tulo kouluun?

Every company will be a

technology company.
 Not only about
optimisation, efficiency
and prediction
What if Armi Ratia

was a programmer?
Jokapoika, Tasaraita, Kivet, Unikko

Hour 1: Kulveania, Valos, Inso, Päränlö

Hour 8: Pyininpakka, Putti, Pukukka,

Tanohalti, Tirkka, Ruitintullo…

(Thanks Andrej Karpathy & char-RNN! http://goo.gl/X7cz4q)

Technology is too important
to be left for technologists
Finally
Technology as monolithic and magic,
all-or-nothing, benchmarked against a
human. What about collaboration,
curiosity, small, weird, ambiguous?
 The 100 languages
The child is made of one hundred.
The child has The child has They tell the child:
a hundred languages a hundred languages that work and play
a hundred hands (and a hundred hundred hundred more) reality and fantasy
a hundred thoughts but they steal ninety-nine. science and imagination
a hundred ways of thinking The school and the culture sky and earth
of playing, of speaking. separate the head from the body. reason and dream
They tell the child: are things
A hundred. to think without hands that do not belong together.
to do without head
Always a hundred to listen and not to speak And thus they tell the child
ways of listening to understand without joy that the hundred is not there.
of marveling, of loving to love and to marvel The child says:
a hundred joys only at Easter and at Christmas. No way. The hundred is there.
for singing and understanding
a hundred worlds They tell the child: - -Loris Malaguzzi
to discover to discover the world already there - (translated by Lella Gandini)
a hundred worlds and of the hundred Founder of the
to invent they steal ninety-nine. Reggio Emilia Approach
a hundred worlds
to dream.
So once there was this
guy called Claude
Shannon.

He is the guy behind

information theory.

But also the first one

to notice the
similarities between
electricity and logic.
George Hinton George Boole Aristotle
 Computer (km-pytr)
n.
person who makes calculations or
computations; a calculator, a
reckoner; spec. a person
employed to make calculations in
an observatory, in surveying.

Technology (from Greek τέχνη)

Techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand";
Technology is built and -λογία, -logia[1]. Techniques,
skills and competencies alongside
on humanity. the tools needed to do the job.
Agriculture is a technology;
democracy is a technology.