1. In the picture is a boy about 6-7 years old.

It looks like the boy is hungry and really wants

to eat cookies. Because the table was so high, the boy is almost trying to get the cookie
on the table.
2. There are many cars on the road. Prolonged traffic jams make the road crowded. This is
probably when people go home after a hard day's work. It was already dark and everyone
wanted to go home quickly.

3. This is an image of a very busy city. There are buildings on both sides of the road. There
are so many lights down the street that it makes the whole street bright. People and
vehicles pass by at night making the whole street very busy and bustling.
4. The meal in the picture is presumably in a restaurant. Perhaps they were sitting across
from each other, enjoying a roast beef. Because there are numerous foods on the table,
including steak, veggies, and eggs, as well as a barbeque grill nearby. It appears to be
really tasty.

1. There is a glass of water on the table. It is almost full of water. And next to it is a plate
and some bottles like a bottle of pepper or salt and a bottle of syrup. Looks like someone
is preparing breakfast or lunch.
2. In the picture is a curb in India. There were two men carrying a very heavy box. The box is
branded Toshiba. Looks like they just bought something and are on their way home. They
look so happy and excited with their new item.
3. There are a lot of people in the photo; perhaps they've just arrived from a flight.
Everybody has luggage on their person. They appear to be very busy, and everyone
dresses very formally.
4. In the picture there is a girl about 10 years old. little girl holding a cup. she is probably
drinking tea or coffee. And seems to be enjoying it.

5. This is a photo of the high-speed train platform. There is a yellow bullet train lying on the
tracks. There are two girls wearing youthful outfits and carrying backpacks on their
shoulders. It looks like they are going to travel by bullet train.
6. The girl is pouring tea for her mother

1. This is a picture of four friends talking together. They wear extremely comfortable and active clothes.
They seem to be close friends and the atmosphere of the date was so fun. Friends are having a good time
chatting together
2. This is a picture of a girl about 2 years old and her mother. The little girl is sitting on her mother's lap and
reading a book with her mother. By reading books, mom will help her find extremely useful and
interesting things
 3. In the photo are flowers and vegetables placed on the table. They look so fresh and seem to have just
been picked from the tree. There are several red and white roses in the vase. All create an extremely
harmonious and elegant still life painting
4. In the photo is a football fan of Japan. They are cheering and shouting because of the goal the players
have just scored

This is a picture of two women working together. There are computers and lots of documents on the table. They
are discussing something and it seems to be quite troublesome, there are two women discussing work together

This is a picture of a man writing on a whiteboard with a marker. He seems to be a student being examined. The

things he writes are quite scribbled and out of order

This is a photo of a street vendor's car. He sells a variety of vegetables and fruits. In the morning light, his
vegetables and fruits look very fresh.
1. This is a picture of a man on his way to work. Although he was walking, he was still working. He looks so
busy
2. Even though there are many high stairs, the woman still holds the bags and walks up there

3. This is a picture of a man going to the supermarket. The supermarket clerk was introducing him to
something. He will choose it unless there is no other choice.
4. This is an image of a man and a woman standing in a parking lot. Looks like they're about to buy a car. If
the car is right for them, they will buy it

1. Pictured is a man standing in front of an electrical system. Looks like he's an electrician. The electrical
system will continue to fail unless he fixes it
2. This is a picture of a woman and a child about five years old sitting in front of a piano. Looks like the little
girl is learning the piano. If she practices regularly, she can become a professional pianist
3. In the photo is a red car that just ran through a large puddle. Looks like it's raining. Even
though the wet road can be prone to accidents, the car is still driving quickly
4. In the photo is a man who is contemplating. Looks like he's in a meeting. Although the
problem seems very difficult, he always tries to find a solution during the meeting

1. This is a photo of two buildings located next to each other. The building on the left is
modern, whereas the building on the right is ancient

2. This is a picture of a student and her mother. Looks like their daughter just graduated
from college, they seem very happy. If students do well, they will graduate on time.
 3. This is a picture of a restaurant that is open. Although during opening hours, the tables
and chairs are placed in a very messy position

This is a picture of a girl going to the night market. As long as the clothes are cheap, she will buy
a lot more clothes

Geography teacher checking location on globe

V. 100 cấu trúc viết lại câu cơ bản trong tiếng Anh
1. It takes sb khoảng thời gian to do sth= sb spend khoảng thời gian doing sth
VD: It took her 3 hours to get to the city centre.
= She spent 3 hours getting to the city centre.
2. Understand = tobe aware of
VD: Do you understand the grammar structure?
= Are you aware of the grammar structure?
3. Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen on
VD: She likes politics
= She is interested in politics
4. Because + clause = because of + N
VD: He can’t move because his leg was broken
= He can’t move because of his broken leg
5. Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N
VD: Although she is old, she can compute very fast
= Despite/ In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast
6. Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth
VD: We succeeded in digging the Panama cannel
= We managed to dig the Panama cannel
7. Cấu trúc: …..too + adj (for sb) to do sth: quá để làm gì
VD: My father is too old to drive.
= It is such a/ an N that: quá đến nỗi mà
VD: She is so beautiful that everybody loves her.
= It is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her.
Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: đủ để làm gì
VD: This car is safe enough for him to drive
VD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robber
8. Cấu trúc: prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thích, muốn ai làm gì
VD: I’prefer you (not) to smoke here
= I’d rather you (not) smoked here
9. Prefer doing sth to doing sth: thích làm gì hơn làm gì
Would rather do sth than do sth
VD: She prefers staying at home to going out
= She’d rather stay at home than go out
10. Can = tobe able to = tobe possible
11. Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: ngay sau khi... thì…
No sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + Vpast
VD: As soon as I left the house, he appeared
= Harly had I left the house when he appeared
= No sooner had I left the house than he appeared
12. Not………..any more: không còn nữa
No longer + dạng đảo ngữ S no more V
VD: I don’t live in the courtryside anymore
= No longer do I live in the coutryside
= I no more live in the coutryside
13. At no time + dạng đảo ngữ: không khi nào, chẳng khi nào
VD: I don’t think she loves me
= At no time do I think she loves me
14. Tobe not worth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng làm gì
15. Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng, vô ích làm gì
VD: It’s not worth making him get up early
= There is no point in making him getting early
16. It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that =it look as if/ as though: dường như rằng VD: It seems that he will come
late
= It appears that/ it is likely he will come late
= He is likely to come late.
= It look as if he will come late
17. Although + clause = Despite + Nound/ gerund
18. S + V + N = S + be + adj
19. S + be + adj = S + V + O
20. S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving/ N
21. S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving/ N
VD: Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties.
= Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties
22. This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/ N
VD: This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie.
= I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie.
23. S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn)
24. S + like sth/ doing sth better than sth/ doing sth = S + would rather + V + than + V = S + prefer sth/ doing sth to sth/ doing
sth...
VD: I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball.
= I would rather go shoping than play volleyball.
26. S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V
27. It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth
28. S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth
29. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh) = S + should (not) + be + PII
30. Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh) = S + should (not) + do sth
31. S + like sth = S + be + fond of + sth
VD: I like do collecting stamps.
= I'm fond of collecting stamps.
32. I + let + O + do sth = S + allow + S. O + to do Sth
VD: My boss let him be on leave for wedding.
= My boss allow him to be on leave for wedding.
33. S + once + past verb = S + would to + do sth.
34. S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + do sth.
35. S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive
VD: She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination.
= She studies hard to pass the final examination.
36. S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive
38. To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V
39. S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both... and
40. S + V + not only... + but also = S + V + both... and
41. S + V + both... and... = S + V + not only... but also...
VD: He translated fast and correctly.
= He translated not only fast but also correctly.
44. S1+simple present+and+S2+simple futher =If+S1 + simple present + S2 + simple futher.
45. S1+didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause
46. Various facts given = Mệnh đề if thể hiện điều trái ngược thực tế.
47. S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2(phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định)
48. S + V + O = S + be + noun + when + adj clause.
49. S + V + O = S + be + noun + where + adj clause.
50. S + V + O = S + be + noun + whom + adj clause.
51. S + V + O = S + be + noun + which + adj clause.
52. S + V + O = S + be + noun + that + adj clause.
56. S + V + if + S + V (phu dinh) = S + V + unless + S + V (khẳng dinh)
57. S + be + scared of sth = S + be + afraid of + sth
58. Let’s + V = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
59. In my opinion = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive (quan điểm của tôi)
60. S + advise = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
61. Why don’t you do sth? = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
62. S + get + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
VD: She gets him to spend more time with her.
= She have him spend more time with her.
63. S + aks + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
VD: Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room.
= Police have him identify the other man in the next room.
64. S + request + sb + to do sth= S + have + sb + do sth
VD: The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem.
= The teacher have students learn by heart this poem.
65. S + want + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
VD: I want her to lend me
= I have her lend me.
66. S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less
VD: She always speaks no care.
= She is always careless about her words.
67. S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V
VD: Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future.
= Study is necessary to get a good life in the future.
68. S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv
VD: My students are very good at Mathematics.
= My students study Mathematics well.
69. S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth
VD: I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow = I don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow.
70. It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!
VD: It was an interesting film.
= What an interesting film!
71. S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be...
VD: She washes clothes quickly.
= How quick she is to wash clothes.
72. S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj
73. S + V = S + be + ed-adj
74. S + V + Khoảng thời gian = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V
VD: She have learned English for 5 years.
= It takes her 5 year to learn English.
75. S + be + too + adj + (for s. o) + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V
VD: The water is too hot for Peter to drink.
= The water is so hot that Peter can't drink
76. S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V
77. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
78. S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
79. S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = It + V + such + (a/ an) + N(s) + that + S +V
VD: He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything.
= He does not speak softly.
80. Because + clause = Because of + noun/ gerund
VD: Because she is absent from school.
= Because of her absence from school.
81. to look at (v)= to have a look at (n): nhìn vào
82. to think about = to give thought to: nghĩ về
83.  to be determined to = to have a determination to: dự định
84. to know (about) = to have knowledge of: biết
85. to be not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng, vô ích làm gì
86. to tend to = to have a tendency to: có khuynh hướng
87. to intend to +inf = to have intention of + V_ing: dự định
88. to desire to = have a desire to: khao khát, mong muốn
89 . to wish = to have a wish / to express a wish: ao ước
90. to visit Sb = to pay a visit to Sb / to pay Sb a visit: thăm viếng
91. to discuss Sth = to have a discussion about: thảo luận
92. to decide to = to make a decision to: quyết định
93.  to talk to = to have a talk with: nói chuyện
94. to explain Sth = to give an explanation for: giải thích
95. to call Sb = to give Sb a call : gọi điện cho…
96. to be interested in = to have interest in : thích
97. to drink = to have a drink : uống
98. to photograph = to have a photograph of : chụp hình
99. to cry = to give a cry : khóc kêu
100. to laugh at = to give a laugh at : cười nhạo
VI. Bài tập Viết lại câu trong tiếng Anh có đáp án
Bài 1. Viết lại những câu dưới đây sao cho nghĩa không đổi:
1. My mother used to play volleyball when she was young.
=> My mother doesn’t…………………………………….
2. “Let’s go fishing”.
=> She suggests…………………………………… …
3. Mike gave me a dress on my birthday.
=> I was……………………………………….. ……………
4. “Would you like orange juice?”
=> He………………………………………… ……………
5. I last saw Jenny when I was in Ha Noi City.
=> I haven’t seen……………………………………….
6. I got lost because I didn’t have a map.
=> If I had………………………………………..….
7. It is a four-hour drive from Nam Dinh to Ha Noi.
=> It takes……………………………………… ……
8. I think the owner of the car is abroad.
=> The owner………………………………………
9. It’s a pity him didn’t tell me about this.
=> I wish………………………………………. ……………
10. You couldn’t go swimming because of the rain heavily.
=> The rain was too………………………………………..
Bài 2. Bài tập viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa
a/ I can’t go to work on time because it rains so heavily => ………………………………………
b/ I often played kite flying when I was a child => ………………………………………
c/ We discuss about environmental change issues => ………………………………………
d/ It appears that it is raining => ……………………………………..
e/ She has interest in practicing aerobics in her free time => ……………………………………..
f/ Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room => …………………………………………………………………………….
g/ She always speaks no care => ………………………………………………………….
h/ She have learned English for 5 years => …………………………………………………………….
i/ He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything => …………………………………….
j/ Because she is absent from school => …………………………………………………
k/ It was an interesting film => …………………………………………………………….
l/ I don’t think she loves me => ……………………………………………………
Bài tập 3. viết lại câu tiếng Anh nâng cao
1. In his recent article, Bob Lee pointed out all the faults in the government’s new transport policy.
In his recent artilce, Bob Lee was…………………
2. The company have been reviewing their recruitment policy for the last three months.
The company’s …………………
3. I’m absolutely sure he took the money on purpose.
He couldn’t possibly…………………
4. He delayed writing his book until he had done a lot of research.
Only after…………………
5. They declaired war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights.
The excuse…………………
6. I feel that I don’t fit with the people in the new office.
I feel like…………………
7. Skysrapers in the USA are on average taller than anywhere else in the world.
The average …………………
8. We were very impressed by the new cinema but found it rather expensive.
Impressed…………………
9. It’s more than a fortnight snice anyone saw Julian.
Julian…………………
10. The deadline for the receipt of complete application forms is 3.00p.m on Friday, 18th December.
Complete application …………………
Bài tập 4. Rewrite the following sentences by changing the indicated component.
1. The man was furious. (adjective)
____________________________________________
2. The council would not collect the rubbish. (verb)
____________________________________________
3. We watched a film on birds. (preposition)
____________________________________________
4. The bus was late because of the bad traffic. (clause order)
____________________________________________
5. The gate was opened by a guard. (active tense)
____________________________________________
6. When she got home, the door was unlocked (time clause position)
____________________________________________
7. She cooked a pie, some potatoes and green vegetables. (reorder list)
____________________________________________
8. The game was cancelled because it rained. (replace the dependent clause with a noun phrase)
____________________________________________
9 I can’t go to work on time because it rains so heavily
____________________________________________
10. I often played kite flying when I was a child
____________________________________________
11. We discuss about environmental change issues
____________________________________________
12. It appears that it is raining
____________________________________________
13 She has interest in practicing aerobics in her free time
____________________________________________
Bài tập 5. Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. I regret spending so much money.
I wish I ________________________________________________
2. What’s the height of the mountain?
How _________________________________________________
3. I don’t feel as tired after a train journey as I do after a car journey.
I feel more ___________________________________________
4. Cars are faster than buses.
Buses _______________________________________
5. He turned off the light, then he went out.
Turning __________________________________________
6. Theatre program usually have lots of information.
There ________________________________________
7. He has been collecting stamps for five years.
He started ________________________________________________
8. More newspapers are being sold in this city.
People are __________________________________________________
9. They were giving their son some presents when we came.
Their son _______________________________________________
10. He spends two hours a week sorting out stamps.
Sorting out ____________________________________________
Bài tập 6. Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. My mother bought me a nice blouse.
A nice blouse ___________________________________________
2. They say that the company is in difficulty.
The company ___________________________________________
3. You can get suntan by sunbathing.
If you _____________________________________________
4. “Would you mind waiting for a few minutes ?”
We __________________________________________________
5. “Where’s the best place to buy souvenirs ?”
I asked her ___________________________________
6. You won’t lose weight if you don’t stop eating much.
Unless you ____________________________________
7. To know English is necessary.
It is ______________________________________________
8. May Day is considered to be the day of the working class.
Everyone _______________________________________
9. In Stratford upon – Avon we saw Shakespeare’s birthplace.
We saw the house ___________________________________
10. There are far more heavy lorries on the road than there used to be.
There didn’t __________________________________________
Đáp án:
Bài 1. Viết lại những câu dưới đây sao cho nghĩa không đổi:
1. My mother doesn’t play volleyball anymore.
2. She suggests going fishing.
3. I was given a dress on my birthday.
4. He invited me for orange juice.
5. I haven’t seen Jenny since I was in Ha Noi City.
6. If I had had a map, I wouldn’t have gotten lost.
7. It takes four hours to drive from Nam Dinh to Ha Noi.
8. The owner of the car is thought to be abroad.
9. I wish he had told me about it.
10. The rain was too heavy for you to go swimming.
Bài 2. Bài tập viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa
a/ I can’t go to work on time because of heavy rain.
b/ I am used to playing kite flying when I was a child.
c/ We have a discussion about environmental change issues.
d/ It is likely that it is raining.
e/ She is interested in practicing aerobics in her free time.
f/ Police have him identify the other man in the next room.
g/ She is always careless about her words.
h/ It takes her 5 year to learn English.
i/ He does not speak softly.
j/ Because of her absence from school.
k/ What an interesting film!
l/ At no time do I think she loves me.
Bài tập 3. viết lại câu tiếng Anh nâng cao
1. In his recent article, Bob Lee was critical of the government’s new transport policy.
2. The company’s recruitment policy has been under review for the last three months.
3. He couldn’t possibly have taken the money by mistake.
4. Only after he had done a lot of research did he begin to write the book.
5. The excuse for the declairation of war was the defence of their territorial rights.
6. I feel like a fish out of water in the new office.
7. The average skyscraper in the USA is taller// higher// bagger than anywhere else in the world.
Or : The average height// size of skyscraper in the USA is greater than anywhere else in the world.
8. Impressed as we were by the new cinema, we found it rather expensive.
9. Julian was last seen ( more than) a fortnight // two weeks ago.
10. Complete application forms must be handed in// returned// redeived// submitted by// no later then 3.00 p.m on Friday,
18th December.
Bài tập 4. Rewrite the following sentences by changing the indicated component.
1. The man was angry.
2. The council refused to collect the rubbish.
3. We watched a film about birds.
4. Because of the bad traffic, the bus was late.
5. A guard opened the gate.
6. The door was unlocked when she got home.
7. She cooked green vegetables, a pie and some potatoes.
8. The game was cancelled because of the rain.
9. I can’t go to work on time because of heavy rain.
10. I am used to playing kite flying when I was a child.
11. We have a discussion about environmental change issues.
12.  It is likely that it is raining.
13. She is interested in practicing aerobics in her free time.
Bài tập 5. Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1.I wish I hadn’t spent so much money
2. How high the mountain is?
3. I feel more tired after a train journey than after a car journey.
4. Buses aren’t as fast as buses.
5. Turning off the light, he went out.
6. There are usually lots of information in a theatre program
7. He started collecting stamps five years ago.
8. People are selling more newspapers in this city.
9. Their son was being given some presents when we cam.
10. Sorting out his stamps takes him two hours.
Bài tập 6. Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. A nice blouse was bought for me by my mother.
2. The company is said to be in difficulty.
3. If you sunbathe, you can get suntan.
4. We were asked to wait for a few minutes
5. I asked her Where was the best place to buy souvenirs
6. Unless you stop eating much, you won’t lose weight
7. It is necessary to know English.
8. Everyone considers May Day is the day of the working class.
9. We saw the house in Stratford upon – Avon where Shakespeare’s was born.
10. There didn’t use to be heavy lorries on the road

Cấu trúc 1: Dành bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì

S + spend + Khoảng thời gian + V.ing = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V
Ví dụ: I spend 1 hour cleaning my house. = I take 1 hour to clean my house.
(Tôi dành 1 tiếng để dọn dẹp nhà).
Cấu trúc 2: Các từ, cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân (bởi vì)
Since, As, Because + S + V + …
= Because of, Due to, As a result of + Noun/ V-ing
Ví dụ: Because it rains, I can’t go out tonight. = Because of raining, I can’t go out
tonight.
(Bởi vì trời mưa, nên tôi không thể ra ngoài tối nay).
Cấu trúc 3: Cấu trúc quá… để làm gì
S + be + too + adj/adv + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V
Ví dụ: He is too young to drive motorbike. = He is so young that he can’t drive
motorbike.
(Anh ấy quá trẻ để lái xe máy).
Cấu trúc 4: Các từ, cụm từ chỉ sự trái ngược (tuy nhiên)
Although/ Though/ Even though + S + V + …
= Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ V-ing
Ví dụ: Although she is tired, she goes to school. = In spite of being tired, she goes to
school.
(Mặc dù đang mệt, cô ấy vẫn đến trường).
Cấu trúc 5: Cấu trúc quá… đến nỗi mà
S + be + so + Adj. + that … = It + be + such + Noun + that
Ví dụ: The book is so good that I can’t take my eyes off. = It is such a good book that
I can’t take my eyes off.
(Quyển sách hay tới nỗi tôi không thể rời mắt).
Cấu trúc 6: Cấu trúc câu cảm thán
S + be + adj = What + a/an + adj + N! = How + adj + N + be!
Ví dụ: The room is beautiful.
= What a beautiful room!
= How beautiful room is!
(Thật là một căn phòng đẹp!)
Cấu trúc 7: Không đáng để làm gì
There's no point in + Ving = It's no good/ no use +Ving =It' not worth + Ving
Ví dụ: There’s no point in arguing
= It’s no good/no use arguing
= It’s not worth arguing
(Không đáng để tranh luận)
Cấu trúc 8: Chuyển đổi câu điều ước
- Câu điều ước ở tương lai:
I + wish + someone + would + V
- Câu điều ước ở hiện tại
S + wish + someone + V2/ed
- Câu điều ước ở quá khứ:
S + wish + someone + had + V3/ed
Ví dụ: I bought a lot of clothes
= I wish I hadn’t bought a lot of clothes.
(Tôi ước tôi đã không mua nhiều áo quần).
Cấu trúc 9 : Cấu trúc the first time/ the last time (lần đầu tiên/ lần cuối cùng)
S + last + V2/Ved + time + ago = The last time + S + V2/Ved + was + time + ago
Ví dụ: He last smoked 3 weeks ago.
= The last time he smoked was 3 weeks ago.
(Lần cuối anh ta hút thuốc là 3 tuần trước).
This is the first time + S + have/ has + V3/ Ved = S + have/ has + not + V3/ Ved +
before
Ví dụ: I haven’t seen him before.
= This is the first time I have seen him.
(Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi gặp anh ấy).
Cấu trúc 10: Cấu trúc mãi cho đến khi…
S + didn't + V (bare) + …. until … <=> It was not until + … + that + …
Ví dụ: Nam didn’t do homework until his teacher checked homework.
= It was not until Nam’s teacher check homework that he did homework.
(Mãi cho đến khi giáo viên kiểm tra bài tập về nhà, Nam mới làm bài tập).
Cấu trúc 11: Began/ started
S + began/ started + to V/ V-ing + [thời gian] ago <=> S + have/has + V3/-ed hoăc
been + V-ing + since/for …
Ví dụ: I started to study English 10 years ago.
= I have studied English for 10 years.
(Tôi học tiếng Anh được 10 năm rồi).
Cấu trúc 12:
S + should/ought to/had better + V … <=> It's (high/about) time + S + V2/-ed
Ví dụ: You should study now.
= It’s time you studied.
(Đây chính là thời gian mà bạn nên học bài).
Cấu trúc 13: Các câu đề nghị tương đồng
Shall we + V <=> Let's + V <=> How/What about + V-ing <=> Why don't we + V
Ví dụ: Shall we go out tonight?
= What about going out tonight?
= Why don’t we go out tonight?
(Tại sao chúng ta không ra ngoài tối nay?)
Cấu trúc 14: Câu tường thuật dạng bị động

It is said that + S + V…
People say that + S + V…
S + be said to + V hoặc to have V3/ed
Ví dụ: People say that she drove car very fast.
= It is said that she drove car very fast.
= She is said to have driven car very fast.
(Mọi người nói rằng cô ấy lái xe rất nhanh). There is a bird sitting on the fence There is a
bicycle lying on the ground There is a man looking at the landscape There is a bicycle lying on the
stairs