WOVEN TEXTILE

Woven fabrics are made by using two or more sets of yarn interlaced at right angles to each
other

Which means threads are then interlaced

in a pattern which holds them together and
creates the fabric. The vertical threads are Bias
called the warp, while the horizontal
threads are called the weft.

Much variety of fabrics can be produced by weaving by different weaves. The texture and
pattern of a fabric depends on how the warp and weft are intertwined. Additional patterns
and designs can be added by changing the color of the thread being used as either warp or
weft.

Why woven fabric?

Woven fabrics are generally more durable. They can be easily cut into different shapes and
are excellent for producing styles in garments. Woven fabrics are rigid, making them ideal for
thicker work clothes such as jeans and coveralls. This also makes woven fabrics feel less soft
than any other fabric.
Woven fabrics only stretch diagonally on the bias directions (red line in upper diagram) unless
the threads used are elastic. Woven fabric cloth usually frays at the edges, unless techniques
are used to counter it, such as the use of pinking shears or hemming.
Fabrics that are woven do not stretch as easily as knitted fabrics, which can make them
advantageous for many uses. Woven Fabrics are more durable and less likely to lose their
color. This is because they come in less contact with cleaning agents such as bleach and
detergent.
Types of Woven Fabrics
1. Denim Fabric

Denim is a sturdy cotton twill fabric woven with an indigo, gray, or mottled white yarn. Warp
is usually coloured (mostly blue, maroon, green and brown) and weft is white. After dying the
cultivated cottons, it is woven into iconic warp faced fabric. Denim is used in almost all apparel
products.

Fabric possible thread count variations Dense threads result in low thread counts
Fabric breathability High
Moisture-wicking abilities High
Heat retention abilities Medium
Stretchability (give) Low to medium
Prone to pilling/bubbling No

A no. of denim fabric is available in the market right now. These types vary with fibre content
in the denim other than cotton. These types are:

1. Raw Denim (This denim is not washed or treated and safe for environment but
expensive)
2. Stretch denim (cotton + spandex/or other similar stretchable fibres)
3. Crushed denim (permanently wrinkled surface for aesthetic purposes)
4. Acid wash denim (washed with strong acid to get an iconic mottled appearance)
5. Poly denim (cotton + polyester + other artificial fibres)
6. Salvaged denim and more.

Stretch Denim Crushed Denim Acid washed Denim Poly Denim

India is the biggest producer of denim fabric after USA and China.

Denim Fabric certifications are: GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard), Supima certification
and Cradle to Cradle etc.
2. Chiffon Fabric