Level-I SECTION-A Very Short Answer Type Questions : 12. Beet 14, 19.6 mis 16. 98N 24. (a) Increases (b) Upthrust (c) Newton (4) Displaced (e) Pascal (f) Buoyant (g) Pressure (h) Less (i) Sink () Fluid (k) OneShort Answer Type Questions : 9. 45% 104N 13. 4 times 14, 19.6 mis 15, Remains same 17. 10 s, 100 mis 19. (i) 10¥3 mis, (ii) 203 s 20. () 6125 Pa (i) 408.33 Pa SECTION-B 1 @) 2 @ 3. 8) 4 @ 5. 8) 6 6) 7 8 @) 2 @ 10. (1) 1. @) 12. @) 13, (1) 14, @) 18. () 16. @) 17. (1) 18.2) 19. (1) 20. 4) 21. @) 2.) 23.) 24. @) 25. 8) 26. @ 27. (ty 28. (1) 2. @) 30. (4) SECTION-A 13, 350 9, 3.43 N 14, 84% of volume. 18. Zero 20. 0.272 em? SECTION-B 1 @ 2 @ a) 7 8 2 2 @ “ 4. @) 16. (1) 16.) @ 21. @) 22. (2) 23. @) SECTION-C 1) 2 3 @ 4 @) 5. 6 a 7. 8) a @) 2 @ 10. (1) SECTION-D 1 @) 2 @ 3 @ 4 4 5 @) 6 @ 7 @Gravitation CHAPTER Answers & Solutions (Level-l) SECTION-A : Very Short Answer Type Questions : 1 10. 11 12, 13. 14. 16. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 24 Aaka SSI unit of universal gravitational constant is Nm*/kg?. Does not change, Gravitational force Te « PB (Tis time period, ris the semi-major axis) Thrust Pressure = ‘Area kgim? Weight of the object and the buoyant force. Hydrometer. P= hdg where, h = Depth of the point from top surface d= Density of the liquid g = Acceleration due to gravity Manometer is a device which is used fo measure pressure of a gas enclosed in a container. Force becomes double. 6 feet Centripetal force. 19.6 mis It remains the same. Weight = mg = 1x 9.8 = 9.8N They have no fixed shape and have tendency to flow. Water. Vertically upward direction, Greater than 1 {a) Increases (b) Upthrust (c) Newton (d) Displaced (e) Pascal (f) Buoyant (g) Pressure (h) Less () Sink () Fluid (k) One Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Gravitation ‘Answers & Solutions (Level) Short Answer Type Questions : 10. 1" 12, 13. 14. 16. Refer theory. Refer theory. 1 kg wt. is that gravitational force which acts on a body of mass 1 kg 1 kg wt. or 1 kgf = 1 kg x 9.8 mis? = 9.8 N Refer theory Whenever objects fall towards the earth only under the influence of gravitational force of the earth, we say that the objects are in the state of free fall Factors on which Buoyant Force depends are (a) The buoyant force exerted by a liquid depends on the volume of the solid object immersed in the liquid. {b) Buoyant force is directly proportional to density of the liquid in which the object is immersed. {c) Buoyant force is directly proportional to acceleration due to gravity {d) Buoyant force is inversely proportional to the temperature of the fluid because density decreases as temperature increases. Archimedes’ Principle states that when a body is partially or fully immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward thrust which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed part of the body. In other words, [Buoyant force acting on the body = Weight of fluid displaced by that body| Application of Archimedes’ Principle (2) This principle is used to design ships and submarines. (0) To determine the relative density of a substance, (c) The hydrometers used for determining density of liquids are based on this principle. They are also used to find the relative density of a liquid ditectly without any calculation, Here, pressure P= 5 Pa = 5 Nm? Side of the cube = 3 cm = 0.03 m (side)? = 9 x 10 m2 x9x 104 45 « 104N Here, mass of the can = 600 9 Volume of the can = 500 cm? m _ 600 Density ¢ = = 800 ! ty =F =o = 12 glom Since the density of the can is greater than the density of water, so the can will sink in water. Force between them will be 16 times as before. () Centripetal force. (i) The stone will fly off along the straight line tangent to the circular path. Mass of the one body should be increased to 4 times. v= 2gh, v = \2x9.8x19.6, v =19.6 mis. So, gravitational force remains the same. mm, py _ (mlm) _ feer (ar? ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Answers & Solutions (Level!) Gravitation 16. Since the acceleration due to gravity on the hills g, is less than that on the surface of the earth, it follows. that tennis ball will bounce higher on hills than in plains. [Vari 8) 100 mis (v = y2gh = \2x10%500 = 10 mis) 17, 1 18. () Polar radius of earth is less than its equatorial radius, and g = 27, so g is more at poles. Thus, weight is more at poles. (i) Smaller the orbit of the planet around the sun, shorter is the time taken by it to complete one revolution, according to Kepler’ third law 7? = R? 19. () u=10J3 m/s (v'-u*=2as => O-u? =2{-10)(15) => u=10V3 mis) 10 () t=2,= 28s [t= ae 2°18 _ JG, Time of ascent = Time of descent, sot =2t, = 23 s| 20. Given, mass of the wooden block weight = mg () Area of block = 40 cm x 20 om Se ap = 40am Using formula, Thnust _ 5x98 p = Thnst _ = 612.5 P Area” 0.0800" °15P8 (i) Base area of the block of dimensions (40 6m *'30 cm) 1 = 40 om x 30 om = 1200,om? 4 2200. 70000 Zs = 0.12 m = aS om Thrust _§x9.8 - = = 408,33 P Pressure = RS =" a e., The body having same weight may exert different pressures, 21. Sea water is more denser than an ordinary river water, so more upthrust will act on us when we swim in sea water. Long Answer Type Questions : 1. Yes, universal law of gravitation is universally accepted. We have, Gm, F r Let m, is increased to double. New mass my = 2m, r New distance r’ = © 2 New force jonal Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Gravitation ‘Answers & Solutions (Level) New force will be 8 times greater than the force as before, Refer theory. kg and r= 1m ie, G=F 0, gravitational constants the gravitational force between two unit masses Kept unit distance apart Applications of Newton's law of gravitation (i) It helps us to determine the mass of the earth, the sun, the moon and the planets. (ii) To describe the motion of the moor! around ithe earth, (i) To descrive the mation of the planets around the sun (W)_ To describe the tides due to the moon and the stn. (vy) To estimate the mass of the double stars. (Due to wooden oF concrete sleepers below the railways tracks, the weight of a train acts on the greater area of contact and hence it reduces pressure appreciably and hence the rails do not get depressed, In absence of the sleepers, the weight of the train acts on the ground and as such pressure would be so large thatthe rails may get depressed into ground (@ tis painful to walk on a road covered with edge'pebbles because edge pebbles have less area and hence pressure increases. So when we step on Il, due to large pressure we feel pain. Sometimes it may even penetrates in our skin (ii) Woods are parous so their average density is less. The density of a wooden block is even less than that of water, hence it floats on the surface of water (jw) The long flat skies increase the area of contact, which reduces pressure (°-3) exerted by the skier on the snow enabling the skier to slide over the snow without sinking According to Archimedes’ principle, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced, Since both iron and wooden spheres are of same radius, they have equal volume. Hence, both will displace equal volume of water and hence equal weight of water. So they will experience equal buoyant force, SECTION-B : Objective Type Questions : 1 Answer (3) Everybody in the universe attracts every other body. Answer (2) mGMe F=mg’ = Fert ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Answers & Solutions (Level!) Gravitation 3. Answer (3) Let x be the distance of the point from moon where the gravitational field intensity is zero. The distance Of the point from earth = (60R — x) cM ___oM Bix (GOR— x => 81x? = (60R-x} 81x’ « y > (ox)? =(60R-x)2 = 9x=60R-x 3 x=6R Answer (2) Answer (3) Gm _ 6.67x10""x7.4x10% RE (1740x107 F 6. Answer (4) = 1.63 mis? g'=1.96=2 So, suitable height of jump = 5 x 3 = 15 m 7. Answer (1) Sm _ So !6 See 8. Answer (2) GM. RE 9. Answer (2) x=ut+tet 2 x= gf 40, Answer (1) 11. Answer (2) 1a S=uteat 1 Voy? FSH OU (10H) = S=10m 12, Answer (2) Usual method Late 1,=8T, or T,=8T 24, Answer (2) Net thrust on ground = (36 + 3.5) x 10 = 985 N ‘Area of the base of the stick = nr? 22 7 = 38.5 om? 8.5 « 104 me x 35% 3.5 Now, as we know Thrust ‘Area __385N 385x107 me Pressure 385x108 © 365 = 105 Nim? or Pa 25. Answer (3) 26. Answer (2) 27. Answer (1) 28. Answer (1) Buoyant force will act only on the body immersed in water and will not affect the total load on the scale 29. Answer (3) 30. Answer (4) For free fall, weight of the system is zero. Nim? Upthrust is also zero, 31, Answer (1) Weight of a man = Weight of water displaced Mass of the man = Volume * Density = Area x Height x Density = 3x2xb x10 700 = 60 kg aaa ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Gravitation SECTION-A : Subj 1 2. 3 ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456 CHAPTER Answers & Solutions (Level-Il) Satelite will move in straight line Force of attraction is less than the limiting friction force between bodies and floor. ‘The force of attraction between two bodies is small due t0 their small masses, which is less than force of friction between bodies and Noor to cause any acceleration of mation. ‘As the spacecraft moves away from the surface of the earth towards moon, there will be no change in the mass of the spacecraft. However its weight will change a8 described below {) ts weight will decrease in the beginning, (il) twill become zero at some point, where the force of attraction on the spacecraft due to earth and that due to moon become just equal and opposite. (ji) ttwill again start increasing as the spacecraft further moves towards the moon, Refer theory. Refer theory. ‘At equator, because the acceleration due to gravity is inversely proportional to the square of radius of the earth and polar radius is less than the equatorial radius. Refer theory. () This is because in water the apparent weight of the stone reduces as the buoyant force increases (i) As we know that the buoyant force is directly proportional to the acceleration due to gravity. While the acceleration due to gravity is more at the earth than on the moon, hence an object experiences more buoyant force on the earth than on the moon. (ill) This is because weight of iron nail is greater than the weight of water displaced by it so it sinks into water, whereas ship is made hollow from inside which reduces the average density of the ship than that of water, so it floats on the water. Therefore, even for small part of ship submerged, the weight of the water displaced becomes equal to the weight of the entire ship so it keeps on floating,Gravitation ‘Answers & Solutions (Level) 10. " 12, 13. 14, Mass of the object, m = 50 g Volume of the object, V= 10 cm? Density of water, d, = 1 glcm? lass _ 50 ° Density of the object = [ons = 79 = 5 glom As density of the object is greater than that of water so it will sink into water. We know that buoyant force acting on an object due to a liquid is directly proportional to the density of the liquid. Since different liquids have different densities, so different buoyant forces will act on the object due to different liquids. Itis the force which causes the body to move in a circular path. Its direction is always towards the centre. In the absence of this force, the body fies off along the straight line tangent to the path. (along PA) inv? A Centripetal force = F, r Where, mis mass of the body vis speed of the body rris radius of the circular path Applications : {) Motion of the moon around the earth is due to the centripetal force; which is provided by the force of gravity of the earth (i) The earth and other planets are revolvinglarolihd the sun due to the centripetal force, which is provided by the force of gravity of the sun. Mass = 500 g Volume = 350 cm? Mass _ 500 Density of the packet = EE = So 43 glom? Since, density of the packet is greater than the density of water, so the packet will sink. Mass of water displaced = Volume of packet x Density of water = (350 * 1)g 3509 Buoyant force = (350 g) * g = (35 kg) (9.8 ms) = 3.43 N Lot the volume and mass of the object V and m. When the object is floating in water, Weight of the object let upthrust due to water img = (Volume of water displaced) x Density of water x g ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456‘Answers & Solutions (Level) Gravitation m= (80% of V) x 4 vig=22v tay 700 d, = 0.8 glom? Now, when the object is floating in other liquid. Weight of the object = Net upthrust due to the liquid mg = (Volume of liquid displaced) x Density of the liquid x V,x5 Hence, the volume of the object outside the liquid surface will be 84% of volume. 15. Zero as R = mig — a) = mig — g) = 0. Here a= g. 16. The body rises up towards the ceiling of the lif. 17. Refer theory. 18. The acceleration of the ball w.rt. Igor of.the it depends on the direction of acceleration of the lit and not on the direction ofits motion (direction ofits velocity). {()Ifacceleration of the lift is downwards; acceleration of body will be g - a (i) If acceleration of the lit is upwards, acceleration of body will be g + a Ry ( Rn) 9 Density of piece of metal d, = 9.300 g/om? a R 19. gy = 20. Given, Weight of the piece of metal (W) = 38.250 g Mass _ 38.250 Actual volume ofthe piece of metal = Desay = "9.300" = 4.113 om Weight of piece of metal in water, W" = 33.865 g Apparent loss in weight of piece of metal in water = W- W" = 38.250 - 93,865 = 4.385 g ‘The apparent loss in weight of the piece of metal is equal to the weight of displaced water. As the density of water is 1.000 g/cm? ‘Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Gravitation ‘Anewors& Solutions (Leveit) Volume of displaced water 4.385 1,000 V = 4.385 cm? Since the volume of the piece of metal is less than the volume of the displaced water, it has hollow portion, Hence, volume of the hollow portion in the piece of metal = 4,385 - 4.113 = 0.272 om? SECTION-B : Objective Type Questions : 4. Answer (2) 2. Answer (3) = h=(V2-9R=0.414R 0.414 x 6400 km = 2649.6 km = 2650 km 3. Answer (2) = d=3xR=075R 4 4, Answer (1) RO Roh a5 064 =| ° Ren) 08 Ren = 08h=02R 1d - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-t10005 Ph.011-47623456Answers & Solutions (Level) Gravitation 5. Answer (2) om We know, g = SM one According to question, ‘As mass and distance of the point from the centre of earth is unchanged, so the value of g at that point also will be unchanged, 6. Answer (1) GM ___ GM R? (0.99R (Given that R’ = 0.99R) Percentage change In g 12 (0.89)2 100 (0.99)? 100 = 2% 7. Answer (1) Let m be the mass of the particle which is placéd at a distance x from A F, = OM towards A and F, - 22MM towards y x ly =x? The net force = 0, if AG ue a we x te yx GMm _ G(3M)m x (yaXy = VBx=y-xGravitation ‘Answers & Solutions (Level) 8. Answer (3) For motion from A to 8, Loge pat 0 For motion from B to C, 8 ax- g(t, +4," path tte (i) From (i) and (i, toed 2 axtgt? =Ag(t,+t xpat = Fall +6) 3 P= (EP t= V2t, = = 42-9 fot 6 ve-1 40. Answer (2) >t 1 fusing $= ut+ at? [using zee" 4 on?) -a(n-2) 7629") -9"-9) = Tr! = 162-1) > T-32n+16=0 = n=4s sx9.8x4?=78.4m 2 11, Answer (1) Usual method vp == 2% 98x12 () (using 2 — &? = 2gh] y= axt (i) (using v— w= af Divide equation (i) by equation (i), vy ty, = AORN ox 424-=[B6ms™ jonal Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Answers & Solutions (Level) Gravitation Shortcut h=12m vty, == 2X" _ ems | ta 4 42, Answer (2) haut do? 0 hauy+ toy? ‘i 4 h=gt? (ii) From (i) and (i), wx +A gx? = uy Ly? 2 yt 5¥ uct y)= Jae? -y?) 1 zoey) ely), Put this value in (i), Av), Agee yyy + tgy? h 2% Dy tay" From (nd (0, fay wy 43, Answer (1) =t 1a x= hot { (bal fating downy I: 150-x ~50t-3f? (ii) (ball thrown up) fsx toe tae = 150-141? = sot -4 ot 2 2m From (i) and (i), 3s shortcut Divide height of toner by vl, =150. 0 14. Answer (2) 38 SM toe mess boing content g = ® ® jonal Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Gravitation ‘Answers & Solutions (Level) 18. Answer (1) 16, Answer (3) Weight of the object = buoyant force on the object, therefore If Vis the volume of the sphere and d sits density, then Voy vag = (Yxoextas 9= probe znt8s)a = d=7.2 glee 17. Answer (4) 1 Volume of first substance, V, = > 4 Volume of second substance, V, = Total mass Density of the substance = eo 14 2.72 glom® G3) Density of the mixture” 2.72 Density of water 9 of Relative density = 18. Answer (4) ‘As both the liquids weigh the same, thetefore they will have same mass. Volume of aus having denty 0, = elu out having dana = 2 D Total mass_ ensity of mixture = +o ohame d 2ddy aed, 19. Answer (4) 20. Answer (2) 21. Answer (4) Since weight of the bag with water is equal to the weight of water displaced, hence reading of spring balance is zero, 1s Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-t10005 Ph.011-47623456Answers & Solutions (Level) Gravitation 22, 23, 24 25, 26. Answer (2) Relative density of the metal (R.D.) Weight of the metal in air Loss of weight in water 210 © 210-180 The density of water is 1 glcm? RO. Density of metal = 7 gloc Answer (3) Volume of ‘m’ gram of ice = — and volume of ‘m’ gram of water So change in volums x|3 S/3 y Answer (2) Let V, be the volume of iceberg outside the sea water while floating. Therefore volume of iceberg inside the sea water = V— Vj, As iceberg is floating, so weight of iceberg = weight of sea waterdisplaced by iceberg Vx09xg=(V-Y)x11%g = 14Vp=1.1V-0.9V M022 Sy = \=4v 4 Answer (1) As solid is floating in liquid, so weight of solid bady = weight of liquid displaced by immersed part of the body. My _D 0. VOg =Vydg =» Me =2 9 =Vala = =F Answer (2) SECTION-C : Assertion & Reason Type Questions : 1 ‘Aakash Educ: Answer (1) Answer (1) Answer (2) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion Answer (2) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion, Answer (1) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion, jonal Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456Gravitation Answers & Solutions (Levelt) Answer (1) Answer (3) ‘Answer (3) Answer (2) 10, Answer (1) SECTION-D : Match the Columns Type Questions : Answer (3) ‘Answer (4) Answer (3) Answer (4) ‘Answer (4) Answer (3) 2 3 4 5 6 7 Answer (4) jonal Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005 Ph.011-47623456