EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Introduction to Earthquake
❑ EARTH

Our planet is
dynamic
The outermost layer
is broken into pieces
These pieces called
“plates” are moving,
away or toward each
other.
 ❑ STRUCTURE OF EARTH
▪ Earth – composed of three (3) layers
➢ Crust – surface of Earth
➢ Mantle – second inner part of the Earth
➢ Core – most inner part of the Earth
❑ WHAT ARE EARTHQUAKES

▪ Sudden movement – surface of the earth – may be tiny or several feet

▪ Enormous amounts – of energy released – greater nuclear bomb
▪ Sudden shift of rock – fracture of Earth
❑ WHAT ARE EARTHQUAKES
▪ Earthquakes occur
when two tectonic
plates move suddenly
against each other.
The rocks usually
break underground at
the hypocenter and
the earth shakes.
Waves spread from
the epicenter, the
point on the surface
above the hypocenter.
If a quake occurs
under the sea it can
cause tsunami.
 ❑ ORIGIN OF EARTHQUAKES

▪ Earthquakes – Plate Tectonic

Forces
▪ Theory of Plate Tectonic forces –
Alfred Wegener
▪ He stated that continents moved
from their original position –
Continental Drift
❑ TYPES OF NATURAL EARTHQAUKES
❑ HISTORY OF MAJOR INTERNATIONAL AND
PHILIPPINES EARTHQUAKES
THANK YOU.