RHETORICAL

APPEAL
Introduction to
Rhetorical appeals are the qualities

Rhetorical Appeal of an argument that make it truly

persuasive
To make a convincing argument, a

writer appeals to a reader in several

ways.
The three different types of

persuasive appeals are LOGOS,

ETHOS, and PATHOS

RHETORICAL APPEALS

ETHOS PATHOS LOGOS

Credibility Emotions Logic
 ETHOS
The Ethical Appeal

is used to convince an audience of the author’s credibility

or character.
Authors develop ethos by sounding fair or unbiased or by
introducing their expertise or background
Credibility of the speaker/author is determined by his or Keywords
auth o r i t y
her knowledge and expertise in the subject at hand. reli a b i l i t y
trus t w o r t hy
Ethos advertising strategies evoke a speaker's, cred i b i l i t y
repu t a t i o n
presenter's, writer's, or brand's superior "character." educ a t e d
 ETHOS
The Ethical Appeal

LEBRON JAMES SPRITE COMMERCIAL

https://youtu.be/WtSi6MH9h10
 ETHOS
The Ethical Appeal

TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD BY HARPER LEE

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout’s father, Atticus, is using ethos so blatantly, he might as well say,

“Hey, jurors, find your ethics and make the right decision.” He’s calling each juror out on the

carpet, reminding them that no one man is better than any other man in the courtroom or in society

as a whole. This is an ethical ideal that Atticus preached and demonstrated in both his personal and

private life.
"I’m no idealist to believe firmly in the integrity of our courts and in the jury system—that is no

ideal to me, it is a living, working reality. Gentlemen, a court is no better than each man of you

sitting before me on this jury. A court is only as sound as its jury, and a jury is only as sound as the

men who make it up. I am confident that you gentlemen will review without passion the evidence

you have heard, come to a decision, and restore this defendant to his family. In the name of God,

do your duty."
 PATHOS
The Emotional Appeal

It was coined in the 16th century to indicate a quality that

evokes strong emotions, frequently as a result of a real-life
tragedy or compelling music or speech.
is used to invoke sympathy with meaningful language, a Keywords
moving tone, or touching stories. ange r
empa t h y
Pathos is originally a greek word meaning “suffering” or just i c e
“experience”. symp a t h y
pity
It is a common tactic in argument and persuasion. hope
 PATHOS
The Emotional Appeal

BARRACK OBAMA'S SPEECH

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wc1TrKIzAJM&t=22s
 PATHOS
The Emotional Appeal

Shakespeare foreshadows the events that take place in

ROMEO AND JULIET

the play between Romeo and Juliet and their families.

(WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE)
Two households, both alike in dignity He also foreshadows the feelings and struggles of the

In fair Verona, where we lay our scene characters, which is an appeal to the pathos of the

From ancient grudge break to new

audience/reader. For example, by stating that “civil

mutiny
Where civil blood makes civil hands

blood makes civil hands unclean,” Shakespeare evokes

unclean. feelings of dread and uncertainty in the audience,

From forth the fatal loins of these two

knowing that there is impending violence. By

foes
categorizing Romeo and Juliet as “star-cross’d”

A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their

life
lovers, Shakespeare appeals to the audience’s feelings

Whose misadventured piteous

of passion and unrequited love. Finally, in announcing

overthrows the deaths of the lovers, Shakespeare inspires

Do with their death bury their parents’

sadness, grief, and possibly anger or frustration in the

strife.
audience at the foretold outcome.
 LOGOS
The Appeal to Logic

It is an argument that appeals to a person's sense of logic or

reason.
According to Aristotle, Logos is the "proof, or apparent proof,
provided by the words of the speech itself.". In other words, Keywords
logos is found in the written text of an argument. rati o n a l i t y
proo f
When logos is used in an argument, it means that you are evid e n c e
reas o n
using facts, like data or statistics, or common sense to make anal o g i e s
comm o n
your argument known. sens e
 LOGOS
The Appeal to Logic

Types of Logos:
Deductive reasoning - where you reach a logical conclusion from a few statements;
for example, if A=B, and B=C then A=C.
Inductive reasoning - where you make generalized logical conclusions based on
what you know or observed to be true; for example, drawing a conclusion that
hands-on learning is helpful after observing an improvement in lessons with hands-
on learning.
 LOGOS
The Appeal to Logic

LEGALLY BLONDE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSu7BGbyJqc&t=98s
 LOGOS
The Appeal to Logic

HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER'S STONE

L o g i c a n d m a g i c a r e n ' t s o m e t h i n g y o u ' d t y p i c a l l y s e e t o g e t h e r . H o w e v e r , l o g i c i s u s e d i n t h e w o r l d

o f H a r r y P o t t e r . I t ' s w h a t h e l p s t o m a k e i t b e l i e v a b l e t o t h e a u d i e n c e . O n e o f t h e f i r s t p l a c e s t h a t

you see logic is through Hagrid's first encounter with Harry.

H a g r i d k n o w s t h a t h e n e e d s t o c o n v i n c e H a r r y t o c o m e w i t h h i m , d e s p i t e t h e D u r s l e y ' s r e f u s a l . T o

g e t h i m t o H o g w a r t s , H a g r i d h a s l o g i c o n h i s s i d e . H a r r y c a n ' t d e n y t h a t o d d t h i n g s h a v e h a p p e n e d

to him, so he can only assume he's truly a wizard using deductive logic.

H a r r y P o t t e r: " Y o u ' v e m a d e a m i s t a k e , I c a n ' t b e a w i z a r d . I m e a n , I ' m j u s t H a r r y , j u s t H a r r y . "

H a g r i d: " W e l l , j u s t H a r r y , d i d y o u e v e r m a k e a n y t h i n g h a p p e n ? A n y t h i n g y o u c o u l d n ' t e x p l a i n , w h e n

you were angry or scared?"

 REFLECTION
We defined and explained what logos, pathos, and ethos are, as well

as why authors might utilize them. Using a mix of logical, emotional,

and ethical appeals can sometimes result in a sound, balanced,

and convincing argument. However, it's crucial to remember
that rhetorical appeals don't necessarily result in a sound,
balanced argument. Any of the appeals could, in fact, be
abused or overdone. Arguments can be weakened as
a result of this.
Thank You!