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Evaluation Report: Online Learning Object 1: Evaluation Report: Asynchronous Articulate Beginner German Grammar Lesson
Evaluation Report: Online Learning Object 1: Evaluation Report: Asynchronous Articulate Beginner German Grammar Lesson
Table of Contents
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………3
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………...……...4
Instructional Design Models…………..…………………………………………………….….…6
Data Analysis and Results……………………...…………………………………………………8
Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………...…...14
Reflections…………………………………………………………………………...………..…16
References…………………………………………………………………………………….….19
Appendix A………………………………………………………………………………………21
Appendix A………………………………………………………………………………………26
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 3
Abstract
The evaluation report for the digital story online learning object for beginner and intermediate
level German two-way prepositions was conducted using a Microsoft Form that was distributed
to learners in a 1002 online synchronous beginner German language course at the University of
Cincinnati. The evaluation was split into two overarching categories (1) technology adoption and
(2) usability. Technology adoption was broken down into the subcategories of effort expectancy,
attitude, facilitating conditions, and previous experiences. Usability was broken down into the
subcategories of readability and ease of use. These categories were evaluated by four target
learners. The target learners were tasked with fully engaging with the learning object prior to
completing the accompanying questionnaire. The online learning object included formative and
summative assessments throughout the duration of the object as well as at the end. According to
Meyer et al. (2014), formative assessments are defined “as a process used by teachers and
students during instruction that provides feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to
assessments are toward the end of the learning object and place the prepositions in more real-
word contexts to show the students contextualized instances where the prepositions are needed
and why the differences in their various definitions are vital to convey meaning in the target
language. According to Meyer et al. (2014), summative assessments “are assessments that
measure what students know and do not know at a particular point in time.” For the online
learning object, the summative assessment is in the form of a writing activity where students
must apply newly acquired knowledge into forming a letter to a friend in the target language that
requires them to utilize two-way prepositions. The questionnaire results were analyzed in order
to pinpoint the revisions needed in the learning object to increase the usability and accessibility
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 4
while reducing the technological barrier so that the content of the object is the primary focus for
Introduction
The driving force behind the creation of a digital storytelling module on two-way
prepositions in German is to provide target learners additional grammar support outside of the
classroom. According to Dick et al. (2014), the target population is “the ones [leaners] you want
to “hit” with the appropriate instruction” (p. 96). The target audience or demographic for this
learning object would be adult learners in their second semester of German in a university
setting. For the last four years, the German department at the University of Cincinnati (UC) has
taught hybrid classes, and since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, courses have consistently
been offered fully online for the beginner German language courses. Due to this drastic shift over
a short period time, there is great demand for online resources for students to be able to engage
with independently from the in-class space. Whether the courses are hybrid, synchronous, or
asynchronous, the amount of work that students are completing online at home has significantly
The digital story, created using Articulate Storyline, is an attempt to create an at-home,
self-paced learning module on a specific German grammar topic that is first introduced in the
first and second semester beginner German language courses. According to Robin (2008), digital
controlled content and to help teachers overcome some of the obstacles to productively using
technology in their classrooms” (p. 222). This fusion of technology and traditional storytelling
allows the designer creative freedom in choosing topics that tailor to their classrooms or training
and create a self-guided narrative. My digital storytelling module is a learning object that is
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 5
embedded into a Canvas course. It is paired with a weekly module in my 1002 beginner German
level class that discusses household items using movement versus location with prepositions.
prepositions, such as “in,” “an,” “auf,” “hinter,” etc., govern both the accusative and dative
cases, have multiple meanings, and are easily mixed up by native English speakers since many of
them are cognates or false cognates. Therefore, mastery of two-way prepositions in German is
inconsistent among learners at the A1, A2, B1, and B2 language levels. Ideally, learners should
be at the A1 level by the time they finish their first semester of German language. By the end of
their second semester, they should be at an A2 level. The levels continue as they progress
through their German language studies. These levels are based on instruments used within the
(CEFR). This framework was created to “provide a transparent, coherent and comprehensive
basis for the elaboration of language syllabuses and curriculum guidelines, the design of teaching
and learning materials, and the assessment of foreign language proficiency” (Council of Europe,
2022, para. 1). These levels are engrained in the communicative approach which is a teaching
approach used in second language learning that places the primary focus on the improvement of
communicative proficiency. This is done through the application of language rules in order to
create grammatical structures (Irmawati, 2012). In summary, learners focus on patterns and
memorizing phrases rather than individual grammatical concepts. For example, in the first week
of a first semester German language course, students are taught the question “Woher kommen
Sie?” (Where are you from?). Their response should be formulated similarly by restating the
question into a statement “Ich komme aus…” (I am from ….). Instead of learning every
prepositional phrases, etc., the learner is to focus on the pairing of “kommen” and the preposition
The combination of being online and covering a difficult grammatical topic is the
inspiration behind the creation of this digital story that allows students to take their time
processing information and establishing patterns. The learning object is not meant to be used as
an official assessment or to replace a regular course lesson, but rather a low stakes practice
exercise to serve as a review and additional aid for struggling students or students who tested
into 1002 and have not had German since high school, which could have been years prior to
entering my classroom.
object is the ADDIE Model. The ADDIE Model consists of five phases including analysis,
design, development, implementation and evaluation (McGriff, 2000). This approach is focused
on being learner-centered rather than the more traditional instructor-centered where the instructor
Analysis
The analysis phase is “the process of defining what is to be learned” (McGriff, 2000,
p.1). For the digital story, I first identified the needs, problems, and tasks that the learning object
will fill. As mentioned previously, the need and problems the learning object is trying to address
is the swift transition to online learning environments due to the pandemic and providing
additional help to struggling students that is self-paced. The textbook used at the beginner
German language levels at UC is based in the communicative and flipped classroom approach.
This environment does not always provide in-class time for additional grammar instruction or
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 7
review. The students are to come to class already having read and practiced structures on their
own. The learning object was designed to be a guide or supportive aid within context. This is
where the textbook used is lacking. There is no correlation between the activities done at home
and the textbook activities conducted in class. The data collected from my evaluation shows that
the content overall is not the issue, but the delivery. By the delivery I mean not only the context
Design
The design phase is “the process of specifying how it is to be learned” (McGriff, 2000,
p.1). The objectives for the digital story need to be feasible and measurable. There also needs to
be balance in the objectives to not overburden the learner. In the design portion of my online
learning object, there were multiple stages to the development of the prototype. First, the
objectives were outlined, then the context. Since the digital learning object is designed to be
implemented throughout various German language levels, the context and vocabulary need to be
Development
The development phase is “the process of authoring and producing materials” (McGriff,
2000, p.1). This design phase included creating a narration script and storyboarding the learning
object to ensure each slide flows together. The media used is also a part of this phase. Articulate
Storyline was the software chosen for this learning object, which, like other tools, influences the
design and implementation process since tools have both strengths and weaknesses. I knew
during the design process that the target learners would most likely not have access to the same
software, therefore I needed to ensure that there was a way for them to easily access the object.
Implementation
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 8
The implementation phase is “the process of installing the project in the real-world
context” (McGriff, 2000, p.1). The learning object is intended to be completed outside of class
time as an additional aid for learners to practice at their own pace. The object is added to the
Canvas course page for students to have continuous access. The real-world context is used
throughout the learning object. I take each concept, chunk the information, and then create
formative and summative assessments that place the grammar into real-world situations such as
writing a letter, traveling, reading a blog, etc. These contexts demonstrate the use of the
Evaluation
The evaluation phase is “the process of determining the adequacy of the instruction”
(McGriff, 2000, p.1). This phase demonstrates the effectiveness of the object using formative
and summative assessments. There are formative assessments following each chunk of
information on the slides in the learning object. At the end of the object, there are summative
assessments that combine the information and task the students with writing in a real-world
context. The results of these assessments demonstrate the learners’ understanding after having
completed each section of the object. For both the learners and the instructors, the assessments
provide information on what the learners can do and the level of mastery after having completed
the learning object. The assessments are also an opportunity for the instructor to evaluate the
shortcomings of the object and to then revise and revamp the object to better tailor it to the
The evaluation was conducted with the goal of creating an online digital story that is free
of technological barriers by evaluating the technological adoption and usability of the online
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 9
learning object. According to Tcha-Tokey et al. (2016), technology adoption is “the actions and
decisions taken by the user for a future use or intention to use the virtual environment” (p. 3).
This measures the success the target learners had with this type of perhaps unfamiliar
technological lesson delivery. Tcha-Tokey et al. (2016) describes usability as the “ease of
learning (learnability and memorizing) and the ease of using (efficiency, effectiveness and
satisfaction) the virtual environment” (p. 3). Usability gauges the usefulness of the learning
object. Using the evaluation plan as a guide, I analyzed the data from the questionnaire provided
I utilized the Questionnaire for User Satisfaction (QUIS) which is a measurement tool
created to “assess a computer user's subjective satisfaction with the human-computer interface”
(Stanton, 2013, p. 12). It is important to me that the content is the focus of the learning object,
and the technology component is barrier free and easily accessible. This questionnaire focuses on
gathering information on screen visibility, terminology, system information, learning factors and
system capabilities. For the usability portion of my questionnaire, I utilized the Usefulness,
Satisfaction, and Ease of Use (USE) questionnaire. Each of these components is what determines
user satisfaction and regularity of use that demonstrates the participants’ sense of what is and
what is not usable and applies among various domains (Lund, 2001).
Once the questionnaires were collected, the following step in the analysis was creating a
Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that displays and calculates the data from the four participants who
completed the questionnaire. I used the formula functions in Microsoft Excel to find the total,
mean, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, and if the COV is high or low. In
order to use this analysis, points were attributed to each choice on the fifteen items for which a
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 10
four-point Likert scale was used. According to Nemoto (2014), a Likert scale “is a psychometric
scale that has multiple categories from which respondents choose to indicate their opinions,
attitudes, or feelings about a particular issue” (p. 2). A Likert scale questionnaire is a frequently
used instrument for measuring effectiveness such as motivation and self-efficacy. The point
attributions were as follows: 1-Strongly Disagree, 2-Disagree, 3-Agree, and 4-Strongly Agree.
Note that the Likert scale was only used for fifteen out of the twenty questions. Since the other
questions were multiple choice and open-ended, the same point values were not attributed to the
Figure 1 provides a break down and summary of the results of my evaluation. The survey
consisted of 20 closed, multiple choice, and open-ended questions divided into three question
sets. The second set of questions is multiple choice or a Likert Scale “Level of Quality” where
participants had five selections to choose from that include the following: exceptional, very
good, good, fair, and poor (Vagias, 2006, p. 2). The third set of questions were open-ended,
where participants were asked to write out their answers but had the freedom to write as much or
Figure 1
Questionnaire results
Questio Question Sample Mean Standard Variance
n Size x−x- Deviation s2
Number n s
Notes: The data in the table is reverse-coded but not reverse-scored. This means that positive
questions were formulated in a negative way.
Based on the results shown in Figure 1, the results for the positive and negative
formulated questions were extremely similar based on the overall means. This tells me that the
participants overall had similar experiences when engaging with the digital learning module and
that my sample size was too small. Had I had a larger sample or collected data from two different
courses, I think my results would have varied more and the revisions I need to make would stand
out more. I found that the open-ended questions turned out to be more useful for me overall. I
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 14
wish I would have also conducted an interview or perhaps that will be the next step in the
Through both the data and open-ended responses, I see that less is more may be a concept
to apply to the revision of my object. The lower scores in Figure 1 and the comments show that
the questions regarding the overall design of the learning object is too cluttered and there is too
much to navigate through. The menu is too overwhelming and there are too many visual and
Recommendations
Figure 2 shows the menu bar for the online learning object. Based on the feedback
received from participants, my plan is to pare down the menu and make the navigation less
overwhelming. To do this, I will attempt to either create folders or simplify the information
being presented, thereby creating fewer slides for target learners to work through.
Figure 2
Menu Bar of Learning Object
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 15
Participants also noted that some of the slides were overwhelming and overly cluttered,
making them hard to read. Based on this feedback, I will examine the learning object to ensure
consistency among the slides by keeping the backgrounds and icons simple and clear. In my
regular in-class lessons, ensuring that the pictures are helpful for conveying meaning rather than
being a decorative distraction is vital. I will navigate through the learning object slides and
eliminate or add visual aids and icons that directly help convey the meaning when the vocabulary
requires it. Figure 3 shows an example of an unnecessary image that participants found
distracting to the objective of the assessment. Since the learners are tasked with matching the
prepositions, the visual of a narrator is not needed when spoken and written instructions are also
provided. This will also help with potential accessibility barriers ensuring the font, images, and
Figure 3
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 16
Finally, participants identified that being able to navigate back to the main page was
important for ease of use. My final overall recommendation is ensuring that the homepage can be
accessed throughout all the slides. It became apparent that some slides allowed students to
navigate back to the homepage while others did not. Adding this feature will create consistency
and allow learners to go back to choose a new portion of the object to skip to or revert to, giving
Reflections
Based off the feedback received through creating the digital story, implementing it in the
classroom, and conducting the evaluation, I acquired new skills and pinpointed crucial changes
that need to be made. I also felt that the overarching aim of discovering usability and
technological adoption barriers was met. Beginning with the newly developed skills, I was told
in my evaluation plan that having the participants download the zip file for my learning object
may be too difficult for the participants. In response to this comment, I decided to research how
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 17
to embed the learning object into the current learning module for my course. Using the HTML
editor function as shown in Figure 4, I used the code for the learning object that can be found on
Articulate Storyline. In addition to the code, I also had to manipulate the height and width for the
object to be large enough to be seen on the page itself. Figure 5 shows the result on the page after
editing the HTML code. The participants were able to access the learning object directly on the
page rather than having to download the zip file, although the zip file was still included as an
option.
Figure 4
HTML-Editor Code for Module Page in Canvas Course
Figure 5
Digital Story Embedded in Canvas Page
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 18
Regarding critical opinion, I was unable to collect information from my SME, therefore I
was unable to make revisions based on their feedback before the participants’ evaluations. One
negative comment from the participants that I agreed with was that the navigation bar has a lot of
slides to choose from. Although the information is important, I would like to put elements
together for the navigation to be simplified. Figure 2 showed only part of the menu, but there are
still about half that need to be scrolled through underneath. The icons and pictures also need to
be simplified. Overall, the learning digital learning object is a good start and contains helpful
References
Council of Europe. (2022). The CEFR Levels. Common European Framework of Reference for
https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-reference-
languages#:~:text=The%20Common%20European%20Framework%20of, and%20the%2
0assessment%20of%20foreign
Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2015). The systematic design of instruction (8th ed.).
students' academic reading achievement. English Language Teaching (Toronto), 5(7), 90-
101. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v5n7p90
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230786746_Measuring_Usability_with_the_US
Questionnaire
McGriff, S. J. (2000). Instructional system design (ISD): Using the ADDIE model. Retrieved
June, 10(2003), 513-553.
Meyer, A., Rose, D. H., & Gordon, D. T. (2014). Universal design for learning: Theory and
Nemoto, T., & Beglar, D. (2014). Developing Likert-scale questionnaires. In N. Sonda & A.
Robin, B. R. (2008). Digital Storytelling: A Powerful Technology Tool for the 21st Century
https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840802153916
Stanton, N. A., Salmon, P. M., Rafferty, L. A., Walker, G. H., Baber, C., & Jenkins, D. P.
(2013). Human factors methods : A practical guide for engineering and design. Taylor &
Francis Group.
Tcha-Tokey, K., Loup-Escande, E., Christmann, O., & Richir, S. (2016, March). A questionnaire
Vagias, W. M. (2006). Likert-type scale response anchors. Clemson International Institute for
75 percent of participants agreed, and 25 percent strongly agreed that the learning object was
easy to use.
Question 2: The online learning object required more effort and time than expected. (4
responses)
75 percent of participants disagreed, and 25 percent strongly disagreed that the learning object
Question 3: The learning object is challenging to use and time consuming. (4 responses)
75 percent of participants strongly disagreed, and 25 percent disagreed that the learning object is
50 percent of participants strongly disagreed, and 50 percent disagreed that they became
Question 5: I did not become frustrated while using the learning object. (4 responses)
50 percent of participants strongly agreed, 25 percent agreed, and 25 percent disagreed that they
75 percent of participants agreed, and 25 percent of participants disagreed that the learning
Question 7: The learning object was useful in helping me understand 2-way prepositions. (4
responses)
75 percent of participants strongly agreed, and 25 percent agreed that the learning was useful in
Question 8: The learning object was not useful in helping me understand 2-way
50 percent of participants strongly disagreed, and 50 percent disagreed that the learning object
Question 9: I learned how to use the Online Learning Object quickly. (4 responses)
75 percent of participants strongly agreed, and 25 percent agreed that they learned how to use the
Question 10: The learning object requires the fewest steps possible to accomplish what I
75 percent of participants agreed, and 25 percent strongly agreed that the learning object requires
the fewest steps possible to accomplish what they want to do with it.
50 percent of participants agreed, and 50 percent strongly agreed that the navigation of the
Question 12: It is easy to find the content needed to complete the tasks. (4 responses)
25 percent of participants strongly agreed, and 75 percent of participants agreed that it was easy
Question 13: It is easy to navigate back to the homepage at any point throughout the
75 percent of participants agreed, and 25 percent strongly agreed that it is easy to navigate back
Question 14: The icons used are easily recognizable and help identify the task performed.
(4 responses)
50 percent of participants agreed, and 50 percent strongly agreed that the icons used are easily
Question 15: Reading the characters and text on the screen was easy. (4 responses)
50 percent of participants agreed, and 50 percent strongly agreed that reading the characters and
Question 16: How would you describe your overall experience with the online learning
object? (4 responses)
75 percent of participants described their overall experience with the learning object as “very
Open-Ended Questions
Question 17: What were three things you liked about the learning object? (4 responses)
The participants stated that summative writing assessments paired with each subtopic were
helpful, that the photos helped contextualize the information, the simplicity of the navigation,
and the chucking of information into smaller groupings throughout the learning object.
EVALUATION REPORT: ONLINE LEARNING OBJECT 32
Question 18: What were three things you disliked about the learning object? (4 responses)
The participants stated that the navigation menu contained an overwhelming amount of
information to choose from and was at times distracting. The images and icons cluttered up the
slides too much and they were not able to see all the information. The cartoon image as the
narrator was distracting and there was no way to easily pause and replay the audio.
Question 19: What is important to you when engaging with Learning objects? (4 responses)
The participants stated that providing examples, chunking information into smaller groups,
clarity, simplicity, and not having any time constraints are important when engaging with
learning objects.
Question 20: What barriers have you encountered when engaging with online learning
objects? (4 responses)
The participants stated that the lack of support for certain platform or browsers, distracting
images, and not being able to navigate back to the main pages are barriers that they have